今天看了下URL重寫的實現,主要看的是MS 的URL Rewrite。css
URL重寫的優勢有:更友好的URL,支持老版本的URLhtml
URL重寫的缺點有:最主要的缺點是性能低下,由於若是要支持無後綴的URL(但更多的狀況是咱們要支持這種方式)就必須在IIS中配置全部的URL(包括js,css,image)都要轉發到aspnet_isapi中,解決方法能夠參見 慎用url重寫;還有一個性能問題是,根據源代碼,在匹配url時,用正則表達式嘗試匹配每個規則,直至有一個匹配成功,或都匹配不成功才結束。那麼那些不須要重寫的URL,就要將全部的正則表達式都要執行一次,能夠在進入匹配以前先作一個判斷,排除掉一些狀況web
1.1 下載 MS的URLRewrite正則表達式
1.2 配置自定義section的聲明節點app
<configSections> <section name="RewriterConfig" type="URLRewriter.Config.RewriterConfigSerializerSectionHandler, URLRewriter" /> </configSections>
1.3 配置自定義section的內容ide
用UrlRewrite在完成配置後,主要的工做就是寫配置url映射的正則表達式了。對於正則式不清楚的人,能夠看看這個正則表達式入門及備忘oop
<RewriterConfig> <Rules> <RewriterRule> <LookFor>~/pick/?</LookFor> <SendTo><![CDATA[~/pick.aspx]]></SendTo> </RewriterRule> <RewriterRule> <LookFor>~/pick/(\d+)</LookFor> <SendTo><![CDATA[~/pick.aspx?page=$1]]></SendTo> </RewriterRule> <RewriterRule> <LookFor>~/(\w+)/p/(\d+).html</LookFor> <SendTo><![CDATA[~/BlogDetails.aspx?blogwriter=$1&blogid=$2]]></SendTo> </RewriterRule> <RewriterRule> <LookFor>~/Product/(\w{4}).html</LookFor> <SendTo>~/Product.aspx?id=$1</SendTo> </RewriterRule> </Rules> </RewriterConfig>
1.4 配置httpmodules或httphandlers性能
在若是是舊的IIS 6.0,在<system.web>節點下配置,httpmodules和httphandlers只須要一個就好,用於攔截全部請求網站
<httpModules> <add type="URLRewriter.ModuleRewriter, URLRewriter" name="ModuleRewriter" /> </httpModules> <!--<httpHandlers> <add verb="*" path="*.aspx" type="URLRewriter.RewriterFactoryHandler, URLRewriter" /> </httpHandlers>-->
在新的IIS7.0中, 在<system.webServer>節點下配置, modules 和handlers一樣只須要一個
<system.webServer> <modules> <add type="URLRewriter.ModuleRewriter, URLRewriter" name="ModuleRewriter" /> </modules> <!--<handlers> <add verb="*" path="*.*" type="URLRewriter.RewriterFactoryHandler, URLRewriter" name="URLRewriter" /> </handlers>--> </system.webServer>
1.5 配置IIS
在發佈到IIS後,若是訪問路徑出錯,須要作一下擴展名的映射。額,我用的IIS7.0是沒有報錯,直接就可訪問了。
UrlRewrite的源代碼十分的簡單,實際上就是實現了一個IHttpModule的接口來攔截全部的請求URL。而後,將請求的URL用正則表達式與每個匹配,直到有一個匹配成功,則將原有的url(假的)根據正則表達式轉成實際的url。若是都匹配不成功,則按原有的路徑處理請求
主要代碼是
protected override void Rewrite(string requestedPath, System.Web.HttpApplication app) { // log information to the Trace object. app.Context.Trace.Write("ModuleRewriter", "Entering ModuleRewriter"); // get the configuration rules RewriterRuleCollection rules = RewriterConfiguration.GetConfig().Rules; // iterate through each rule... for(int i = 0; i < rules.Count; i++) { // get the pattern to look for, and Resolve the Url (convert ~ into the appropriate directory) string lookFor = "^" + RewriterUtils.ResolveUrl(app.Context.Request.ApplicationPath, rules[i].LookFor) + "$"; // Create a regex (note that IgnoreCase is set...) Regex re = new Regex(lookFor, RegexOptions.IgnoreCase); // See if a match is found if (re.IsMatch(requestedPath)) { // match found - do any replacement needed string sendToUrl = RewriterUtils.ResolveUrl(app.Context.Request.ApplicationPath, re.Replace(requestedPath, rules[i].SendTo)); // log rewriting information to the Trace object app.Context.Trace.Write("ModuleRewriter", "Rewriting URL to " + sendToUrl); // Rewrite the URL RewriterUtils.RewriteUrl(app.Context, sendToUrl); break; // exit the for loop } } // Log information to the Trace object app.Context.Trace.Write("ModuleRewriter", "Exiting ModuleRewriter"); }
看了這個源代碼,還學到的一個東西就是在web.config中自定義節點,而後實現一下IConfigurationSectionHandler 接口,將section的內容轉成對象,在程序中使用,主要代碼有:
public static RewriterConfiguration GetConfig() { if (HttpContext.Current.Cache["RewriterConfig"] == null) HttpContext.Current.Cache.Insert("RewriterConfig", ConfigurationManager.GetSection("RewriterConfig")); return (RewriterConfiguration) HttpContext.Current.Cache["RewriterConfig"]; } /// <summary> /// Deserializes the markup in Web.config into an instance of the <see cref="RewriterConfiguration"/> class. /// </summary> public class RewriterConfigSerializerSectionHandler : IConfigurationSectionHandler { /// <summary> /// Creates an instance of the <see cref="RewriterConfiguration"/> class. : IConfigurationSectionHandler /// </summary> /// <remarks>Uses XML Serialization to deserialize the XML in the Web.config file into an /// <see cref="RewriterConfiguration"/> instance.</remarks> /// <returns>An instance of the <see cref="RewriterConfiguration"/> class.</returns> public object Create(object parent, object configContext, System.Xml.XmlNode section) { // Create an instance of XmlSerializer based on the RewriterConfiguration type... XmlSerializer ser = new XmlSerializer(typeof(RewriterConfiguration)); // Return the Deserialized object from the Web.config XML return ser.Deserialize(new XmlNodeReader(section)); } }
最後就是,UrlReWrite雖然好用,可是根據這源代碼,性能問題是個大頭,但日常本身的小網站用用仍是沒問題的,若是請求量大了,也知道這裏UrlRewrite這裏有問題,能夠用httphander的方式只攔截特定的url,也能夠用IIS filter去搞(沒搞過,但應該能用,畢竟是在IIS端攔截大部分的請求,而不是將求放到擴展程序中去)。關於IIS filter能夠參考這個文章 在 ASP.NET 中執行 URL 重寫