web.xml配置詳解

時間 2020-01-29

標籤 web.xml web xml 配置詳解欄目 Tomcat 简体版

原文原文鏈接

1.常規配置：html

每個站的WEB-INF下都有一個web.xml的設定文件，它提供了咱們站臺的配置設定.java

web.xml定義：
.站臺的名稱和說明
.針對環境參數(Context)作初始化工做
.Servlet的名稱和映射
.Session的設定
.Tag library的對映
.JSP網頁設定
.Mime Type處理
.錯誤處理
.利用JDNI取得站臺資源web

要了解web.xml的設定值，必須瞭解它的schema,從web.xml中知道它的schema是由Sum Microsystems公司定製的，若是你想更爲詳細的瞭解它，
能夠到http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-mapp_2_5.xsd網頁，那裏有更爲詳細的介紹。這裏我介紹咱們日常見得最都的.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>spring

<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
   version="2.5">sql

<web-app>
這是通常在寫XML時所作的聲明,定義了XML的版本，編碼格式,還有重要的指明schema的來源,爲http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
/web-app_2_5.xsd.apache

<description>,<display-name>,<icon>
____________________________________________服務器

<description>站臺描述</discription>
對站臺作出描述.session

<display-name>站臺名稱</display-name>
定義站臺的名稱.架構

<icon>
icon元素包含small-icon和large-icon兩個子元素.用來指定web站臺中小圖標和大圖標的路徑.
<small-icon>/路徑/smallicon.gif</small-icon>
small-icon元素應指向web站臺中某個小圖標的路徑,大小爲16 X 16 pixel,可是圖象文件必須爲GIF或JPEG格式,擴展名必須爲:.gif或
.jpg.app

<large-icon>/路徑/largeicon-jpg</large-icon>
large-icon元素應指向web站臺中某個大圖表路徑,大小爲32 X 32 pixel,可是圖象文件必須爲GIF或JPEG的格式,擴展名必須爲; gif
或jpg.

範例:
<display-name>Develop Example</display-name>
<description>JSP 2.0 Tech Book's Examples</description>
<icon>
<small-icon>/images/small.gif</small-icon>
<large-icon>/images/large.gir</large-icon>
</icon>

<distributable>
______________________________________

<distributable>
distributable 元素爲空標籤,它的存在與否能夠指定站臺是否可分佈式處理.若是web.xml中出現這個元素,則表明站臺在開發時已經
被設計爲能在多個JSP Container 之間分散執行.
範例:
<distributable/>

<context-param>
___________________________________

<context-param>
context-param 元素用來設定web站臺的環境參數(context),它包含兩個子元素:
param-name和param-value.
<param-name>參數名稱</param-name>
設定Context名稱
<param-value>值</param-value>
設定Context名稱的值
</context-param>
範例:
<context-param>
<param-name>param_name</param-name>
<param-value>param_value</param-value>
</context-param>
此所設定的參數,在JSP網頁中可使用下列方法來取得:
${initParam.param_name}
若在Servlet可使用下列方法來得到:
String param_name=getServletContext().getInitParamter("param_name");

<filter>
_________________________________
filter元素用來聲明filter的相關設定.filter元素除了下面介紹的的子元素以外,還包括<servlet>介紹過的<icon>,<display-name>
,<description>,<init-param>,其用途同樣.
<filter-name>Filter的名稱</filter-name>
定義Filter的名稱.
<filter-class>Filter的類名稱</filter-class>
定義Filter的類名稱.例如:com.foo.hello
</filter>

範例:
<filter>
<filter-name>setCharacterEncoding</filter-name>
<filter-class>coreservlet.javaworld.CH11.SetCharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>GB2312</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>

<filter-mapping>
______________________________________
<filter-mapping>
filter-mapping 元素的兩個主要子元素filter-name和url-pattern.用來定義Filter所對應的URL.
<filter-name>Filter的名稱</filter-name>
定義Filter的名稱.
<url-pattern>URL</url-pattern>
Filter所對應的RUL.例如:<url-pattern>/Filter/Hello</url-pattern>

<servlet-name>Servlet的名稱<servlet-name>
定義servlet的名稱.
<dispatcher>REQUEST|INCLUDE|FORWARD|ERROR</disaptcher>
設定Filter對應的請求方式,有RQUEST,INCLUDE,FORWAR,ERROR四種,默認爲REQUEST.
</filter-mapping>
範例:
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>GZIPEncoding</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

<listener>
___________________________________________
<listener>
listener元素用來定義Listener接口,它的主要子元素爲<listener-class>
<listen-class>Listener的類名稱</listener-class>
定義Listener的類名稱.例如: com.foo.hello
<listener>
範例:
<listener>
<listener-class>coreservlet.javaworld.CH11.ContenxtListener</listener-class>
</listener>

<servlet-mapping>
_____________________________________________
servlet-mapping元素包含兩個子元素servlet-name和url-pattern.用來定義servlet所對應URL.
<servlet-name>Servlet的名稱</servlet-name>
定義Servlet的名稱.
<url-pattern>Servlet URL</url-pattern>
定義Servlet所對應的RUL.例如:<url-pattern>/Servlet/Hello</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
範例:
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>LoginChecker</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/LoginChecker</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

<session-cofing>
__________________________________
<session-config>
session-config包含一個子元素session-timeout.定義web站臺中的session參數.
<session-timeout>分鐘</session-timeout>
定義這個web站臺全部session的有效期限.單位爲分鐘.
</session-config>
範例:
<session-config>
<session-timeout>20</session-timeout>
</session-config>

<mime-mapping>
___________________________________________________
<mima-mapping>
mime-mapping包含兩個子元素extension和mime-type.定義某一個擴展名和某一MIME Type作對映.
<extension>擴展名名稱</extension>
擴展名稱
<mime-type>MIME格式</mime-type>
MIME格式.
</mime-mapping>
範例:
<mime-mapping>
   <extension>doc</extension>
   <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-word</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
   <extension>xls</extension>
   <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-excel</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
   <extension>ppt</extesnion>
   <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-powerpoint</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>

說明：<mime-mapping>主要是用在下載的地方，若是你的web項目沒有下載這個模塊,<mime-mapping>能夠不用配置的，

若是有下載的模塊，可是沒有配置，那麼別人點下載的時候，會打開一個新窗口，並且多數狀況下是亂碼。有該配置後，就能夠用迅雷，flashGet等來下載，也能夠目標另存爲來下載文件，

在個人以前博客：2010-11-12 「下載的原理" 裏面已有詳細介紹給塊。

<welcome-file-list>
_____________________________________________
<welcome-file-list>
welcome-file-list包含一個子元素welcome-file.用來定義首頁列單.
<welcome-file>用來指定首頁文件名稱</welcome-flie>
welcome-file用來指定首頁文件名稱.咱們能夠用<welcome-file>指定幾個首頁,而服務器會依照設定的順序來找首頁.
範例:
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>

<error-page>
_________________________
<error-page>
error-page元素包含三個子元素error-code,exception-type和location.將錯誤代碼(Error Code)或異常(Exception)的種類對應
到web站臺資源路徑.
<error-code>錯誤代碼</error-code>
HTTP Error code,例如: 404
<exception-type>Exception</exception-type>
一個完整名稱的Java異常類型
<location>/路徑</location>
在web站臺內的相關資源路徑
</error-page>
範例:
<error-page>
   <error-code>404</error-code>
   <location>/error404.jsp</location>
</error-page>
<error-page>
   <exception-type>java.lang.Exception</exception-type>
   <location>/except.jsp</location>
</error-page>

<jsp-config>
_______________________________________________
<jsp-config>
jsp-config元素主要用來設定JSP的相關配置,<jsp:config>包括<taglib>和<jsp-property-group>兩個子元素.其中<taglib>元素
在JSP 1.2時就已經存在了;而<jsp-property-group>是JSP 2.0新增的元素.

<taglib>
taglib元素包含兩個子元素taglib-uri和taglib-location.用來設定JSP網頁用到的Tag Library路徑.
<taglib-uri>URI</taglib-uri>
taglib-uri定義TLD文件的URI,JSP網頁的taglib指令能夠經由這個URI存取到TLD文件.
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/lib/xxx.tld</taglib-laction>
TLD文件對應Web站臺的存放位置.
</taglib>

<jsp-property-group>
jsp-property-group元素包含8個元素,分別爲:
<description>Description</descrition>
此設定的說明

<display-name>Name</display-name>
此設定的名稱

<url-pattern>URL</url-pattern>
設定值所影響的範圍,如:/CH2 或者/*.jsp

<el-ignored>true|false</el-ignored>
若爲true,表示不支持EL語法.

<scripting-invalid>true|false</scripting-invalid>
若爲true表示不支持<%scription%>語法.

<page-encoding>encoding</page-encoding>
設定JSP網頁的編碼

<include-prelude>.jspf</include-prelude>
設置JSP網頁的擡頭,擴展名爲.jspf

<include-coda>.jspf</include-coda>
設置JSP網頁的結尾,擴展名爲.jspf
</jsp-property-group>
</jsp-config>
範例:
<jsp-config>
<taglib>
   <taglib-uri>Taglib</taglib-uri>
   <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tlds/MyTaglib.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
<jsp-property-group>
   <description>
      Special property group for JSP Configuration JSP example.
   </description>
   <display-name>JSPConfiguration</display-name>
   <uri-pattern>/*</uri-pattern>
   <el-ignored>true</el-ignored>
   <page-encoding>GB2312</page-encoding>
   <scripting-inivalid>true</scripting-inivalid>
   ............
</jsp-property-group>
</jsp-config>

<resource-ref>
________________________________________________
<resource-ref>
resource-ref元素包括五個子元素description,res-ref-name,res-type,res-auth,res-sharing-scope.利用JNDI取得站臺可
利用資源.
<description>說明</description>
資源說明

<rec-ref-name>資源名稱</rec-ref-name>
資源名稱

<res-type>資源種類</res-type>
資源種類

<res-auth>Application|Container</res-auth>
資源由Application或Container來許可

<res-sharing-scope>Shareable|Unshareable</res-sharing-scope>
資源是否能夠共享.默認值爲 Shareable
範例:
<resource-ref>
   <description>JNDI JDBC DataSource of JSPBook</description>
   <res-ref-name>jdbc/sample_db</res-ref-name>
   <res-type>javax.sql.DataSoruce</res-type>
   <res-auth>Container</res-auth>
</resource-ref>

這些都是些比較經常使用的,詳細能夠登陸: http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd

2.之前的一個項目Spring MVC + freemarker的web.xml的完整配置：

<display-name>AAAA Web Application</display-name>

<context-param>
  <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
  <param-value>
   classpath*:applicationContext-dao.xml
   classpath*:applicationContext-datasource.xml
   classpath:applicationContext-resources.xml
   classpath*:applicationContext-service.xml
   /WEB-INF/applicationContext-filter.xml
   /WEB-INF/applicationContext-security.xml
        </param-value>
</context-param>

<context-param>
  <param-name>webAppRootKey</param-name>
  <param-value>AAAA_web.root</param-value>
</context-param>

<context-param>
<param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:log4j.properties</param-value>
</context-param>

<filter>
  <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
  <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
  <init-param>
   <param-name>encoding</param-name>
   <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
  </init-param>
  <init-param>
   <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
   <param-value>true</param-value>
  </init-param>
</filter>

<filter-mapping>
  <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
  <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>



<listener>
  <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener</listener-class>
</listener>

<listener>
<listener-class>
org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListener</listener-class>
</listener>

<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>

<servlet>
  <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
  <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
  <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern>
  <url-pattern>*.shtml</url-pattern>
  <url-pattern>/track/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

<filter>
<filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
</filter>

<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
<url-pattern>*.shtml</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

<session-config>
<session-timeout>30</session-timeout>
</session-config>

<error-page>
  <error-code>500</error-code>
  <location>/500.html</location>
</error-page>
<error-page>
  <error-code>403</error-code>
  <location>/403.html</location>
</error-page>
</web-app>

3.之前的SSH架構，加了spring，加了freemarker的web.xml配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">

<display-name>網創運營平臺</display-name>
<context-param>

<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>

<filter> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter> <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>singleSession</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> </filter>  <filter> <filter-name>AuthFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>cn.com.ecenter.system.interceptors.AuthFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter> <filter-name>osivFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>cn.com.ecenter.system.util.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>singleSession</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> </filter>  <filter> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>actionPackages</param-name> <param-value>cn.com.ecenter.dragonclaws.action</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>*.shtml</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>AuthFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>AuthFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>*.shtml</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>AuthFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/pages/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>AuthFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/views/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>osivFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/system/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>  <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener>  <listener> <listener-class>cn.com.ecenter.dragonclaws.web.WebContextListerner</listener-class> </listener>  <servlet> <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.shtml</url-pattern> <url-pattern>/track/*</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet> <display-name>ElFinderServlet</display-name> <servlet-name>ElFinderServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>cn.com.ecenter.elfinder.ElFinderServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet> <servlet-name>ShowImageServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>cn.com.ecenter.dragonclaws.util.ShowImageServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>ElFinderServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/ElFinderServlet</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>ShowImageServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/ShowImageServlet</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>  <servlet> <servlet-name>DisplayChart</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.jfree.chart.servlet.DisplayChart</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>DisplayChart</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/DisplayChart</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <session-config> <session-timeout>1200</session-timeout> </session-config>  <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> <login-config> <auth-method>BASIC</auth-method> </login-config></web-app>

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