學習OkHttp wiki--Interceptors

Interceptors

  攔截器(Interceptors)是一種強有力的途徑,來監控,改寫和重試HTTP訪問。下面是一個簡單的攔截器,對流出的請求和流入的響應記錄日誌。html

class LoggingInterceptor implements Interceptor {
  @Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
    Request request = chain.request();

    long t1 = System.nanoTime();
    logger.info(String.format("Sending request %s on %s%n%s",
        request.url(), chain.connection(), request.headers()));

    Response response = chain.proceed(request);

    long t2 = System.nanoTime();
    logger.info(String.format("Received response for %s in %.1fms%n%s",
        response.request().url(), (t2 - t1) / 1e6d, response.headers()));

    return response;
  }
}

  在攔截器的實現中,對chain.proceed(request)的一次調用時是關鍵的一步。這個看起來簡單的方法是HTTP工做實際發生的地方,產生一個知足請求的響應。nginx

  多個攔截器能夠連接起來。假如說你有一個壓縮攔截器和一個求和校驗攔截器:你將須要決定數據是先壓縮而後求和校驗,或者先求和校驗再壓縮。OkHttp使用列表來追蹤攔截器,多個攔截器是被有序的調用。git

Application Interceptors

  攔截器被註冊爲應用(application)攔截器或者網絡(network)攔截器。咱們將用上面定義的LoggingInterceptor來展現這二者的區別。github

  要註冊應用攔截器,在OkHttpClient.interceptors()方法返回的列表上調用add()方法:web

OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
client.interceptors().add(new LoggingInterceptor());

Request request = new Request.Builder()
    .url("http://www.publicobject.com/helloworld.txt")
    .header("User-Agent", "OkHttp Example")
    .build();

Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
response.body().close();

  代碼中的URLhttp://www.publicobject.com/helloworld.txt重定向到https://publicobject.com/helloworld.txt, OkHttp會自動跟隨這一重定向。咱們的應用攔截器會被調用一次,方法chain.proceed()返回的響應是重定向後的響應:緩存

INFO: Sending request http://www.publicobject.com/helloworld.txt on null
User-Agent: OkHttp Example

INFO: Received response for https://publicobject.com/helloworld.txt in 1179.7ms
Server: nginx/1.4.6 (Ubuntu)
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Length: 1759
Connection: keep-alive

  咱們能夠經過response.request().url()request.url()不一樣看出訪問被重定向。這兩個日誌語句記錄了兩個不一樣了URL。服務器

Network Interceptors

  註冊網絡攔截器的方法很相似。添加攔截器到networkInterceptors()列表,取代interceptors()列表:網絡

OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
client.networkInterceptors().add(new LoggingInterceptor());

Request request = new Request.Builder()
    .url("http://www.publicobject.com/helloworld.txt")
    .header("User-Agent", "OkHttp Example")
    .build();

Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
response.body().close();

  當咱們運行這一段代碼時,攔截器執行了兩次。一次是初始的到http://www.publicobject.com/helloworld.txt的請求,另外一次是重定向到https://publicobject.com/helloworld.txt的請求。app

INFO: Sending request http://www.publicobject.com/helloworld.txt on Connection{www.publicobject.com:80, proxy=DIRECT hostAddress=54.187.32.157 cipherSuite=none protocol=http/1.1}
User-Agent: OkHttp Example
Host: www.publicobject.com
Connection: Keep-Alive
Accept-Encoding: gzip

INFO: Received response for http://www.publicobject.com/helloworld.txt in 115.6ms
Server: nginx/1.4.6 (Ubuntu)
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 193
Connection: keep-alive
Location: https://publicobject.com/helloworld.txt

INFO: Sending request https://publicobject.com/helloworld.txt on Connection{publicobject.com:443, proxy=DIRECT hostAddress=54.187.32.157 cipherSuite=TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA protocol=http/1.1}
User-Agent: OkHttp Example
Host: publicobject.com
Connection: Keep-Alive
Accept-Encoding: gzip

INFO: Received response for https://publicobject.com/helloworld.txt in 80.9ms
Server: nginx/1.4.6 (Ubuntu)
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Length: 1759
Connection: keep-alive

  上面的網絡請求也包含更多的數據,例如由OkHttp添加的請求頭Accept-Encoding: gzip,通知支持對響應的壓縮。網絡攔截器鏈有一個非空的鏈接,用來詢問咱們鏈接web服務器使用的IP地址和TLS配置。ide

選擇應用攔截器仍是網絡攔截器

  兩個攔截器鏈有自身的相對優點。

Application Interceptors

  1. 不用擔憂中間過程的響應,例如重定向和重試。
  2. 始終調用一次,即便HTTP響應來自於緩存。
  3. 觀察應用原始的意圖。不用關注由OkHttp注入的頭信息,例如If-None-Match
  4. 容許短路,不調用Chain.proceed()
  5. 容許重試,屢次調用Chain.proceed()

Network Interceptors

  1. 能操做中間響應,例如重定向和重試。
  2. 發生網絡短路的緩存響應時,不被調用。
  3. 觀察將經過網絡傳輸的數據。
  4. 能夠獲取到攜帶請求的connection

改寫請求

  攔截器能夠添加,移除或者替換請求頭。它們也能夠改變請求體。例如,若是你鏈接的web服務器支持,你能夠用一個應用攔截器來壓縮請求體。

/** This interceptor compresses the HTTP request body. Many webservers can't handle this! */
final class GzipRequestInterceptor implements Interceptor {
  @Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
    Request originalRequest = chain.request();
    if (originalRequest.body() == null || originalRequest.header("Content-Encoding") != null) {
      return chain.proceed(originalRequest);
    }

    Request compressedRequest = originalRequest.newBuilder()
        .header("Content-Encoding", "gzip")
        .method(originalRequest.method(), gzip(originalRequest.body()))
        .build();
    return chain.proceed(compressedRequest);
  }

  private RequestBody gzip(final RequestBody body) {
    return new RequestBody() {
      @Override public MediaType contentType() {
        return body.contentType();
      }

      @Override public long contentLength() {
        return -1; // We don't know the compressed length in advance!
      }

      @Override public void writeTo(BufferedSink sink) throws IOException {
        BufferedSink gzipSink = Okio.buffer(new GzipSink(sink));
        body.writeTo(gzipSink);
        gzipSink.close();
      }
    };
  }
}

改寫響應

  對應的,攔截器也能夠改寫響應頭和改變響應體。這一般來說比改寫請求頭更危險,由於它可能違背了web服務器的預期。

  若是你在一個微妙的情境下,並準備好去處理對應的後果,改寫響應頭是一種有力的方式來解決問題。例如,你能夠修復服務器錯誤配置的緩存控制響應頭,來優化對響應的緩存。

/** Dangerous interceptor that rewrites the server's cache-control header. */
private static final Interceptor REWRITE_CACHE_CONTROL_INTERCEPTOR = new Interceptor() {
  @Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
    Response originalResponse = chain.proceed(chain.request());
    return originalResponse.newBuilder()
        .header("Cache-Control", "max-age=60")
        .build();
  }
};

  一般來說,這種方式在補充相應的服務器問題修復時最有用。

可用性

  OkHttp攔截器須要2.2版本以上。不幸的是,攔截器對OkUrlFactory,和任何依賴OkUrlFactory的庫無效,包含Retrofit 1.8如下和Picasso 2.4版本如下。

相關文章
相關標籤/搜索