前面已經講解集合中的HashMap而且也對其中使用的紅黑樹結構作了對應的說明,此次就來看下簡單一些的另外一個集合類,也是平常常用到的ArrayList,總體來講,算是比較好理解的集合了,一塊兒來看下java
jdk版本:1.8
public class ArrayList<E> extends AbstractList<E> implements List<E>, RandomAccess, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable
AbstractList
,實現了List,提供對數組隊列的增刪改查操做private static final long serialVersionUID = 8683452581122892189L; /** * 默認的初始化容量 * 這裏和HashMap初始容量不一樣,默認10 * 有些面試官可能問,雖然我感受不必記這玩意 */ private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10; /** * 空集合,在構造函數中看說明 */ private static final Object[] EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {}; /** * 默認容量大小的空集合,這裏和上邊同樣,可是第一次添加的時候會自動擴容到默認容量,看構造函數的說明 */ private static final Object[] DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {}; /** * The array buffer into which the elements of the ArrayList are stored. * The capacity of the ArrayList is the length of this array buffer. Any * empty ArrayList with elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA * will be expanded to DEFAULT_CAPACITY when the first element is added. * * 基於數組實現容量大小變化,上邊註釋也說了第一次添加元素時,將容量擴展到DEFAULT_CAPACITY * 更詳細的接着往下看 */ transient Object[] elementData; // non-private to simplify nested class access /** * 數組長度,即arraylist的長度 */ private int size; /** * 最大數組長度限制 */ private static final int MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8;
從上邊變量定義也能看出來ArrayList本質上是基於Object[]實現,故方法上的操做都是基於數組來進行面試
從構造方法中能看出:數組
/** * 無參構造方法,初始化爲默認空數組 */ public ArrayList() { this.elementData = DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA; } public ArrayList(Collection<? extends E> c) { elementData = c.toArray(); // 原集合不爲空,則進行復制 if ((size = elementData.length) != 0) { // c.toArray might (incorrectly) not return Object[] (see 6260652) /** * 官方bug * c.toArray() 返回類型取決於其實際類型 * 查了下,應該是調用子類的toArray(重寫)方法返回具體的類型 * 本身多想下也明白了,父類保存了子類的數組對象,這裏須要調整成Object[] * 不明白的本身Google下 */ if (elementData.getClass() != Object[].class) elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size, Object[].class); } else { // 原集合爲空,elementData賦值爲空數組 this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA; } } /** * 初始化容量 代碼比較簡單 */ public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) { if (initialCapacity > 0) { this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity]; } else if (initialCapacity == 0) { this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA; } else { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+ initialCapacity); } }
每次增長元素時會經過ensureCapacityInternal進行容量大小的驗證,不知足則進行擴容操做,經過grow方法進行擴容操做,在容許的範圍上擴容爲原來的1.5倍安全
/** * 增長元素 */ public boolean add(E e) { ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!! elementData[size++] = e; return true; } /** * 確認容量 */ private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) { ensureExplicitCapacity(calculateCapacity(elementData, minCapacity)); } /** * 計算容量 * elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA * 在這裏進行了初始化判斷 * 最小容量爲10 */ private static int calculateCapacity(Object[] elementData, int minCapacity) { if (elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) { return Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity); } return minCapacity; } /** * 修改次數記錄modCount,容量是否擴容判斷 */ private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) { modCount++; // overflow-conscious code if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0) grow(minCapacity); } /** * 擴容 */ private void grow(int minCapacity) { // overflow-conscious code int oldCapacity = elementData.length; // 右移操做擴容爲原來的1.5倍(位移操做,本身試下就明白) int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1); // 比較最小值 if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0) newCapacity = minCapacity; // 比較最大值 if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0) newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity); // minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win: elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity); } /** * 大容量值處理 */ private static int hugeCapacity(int minCapacity) { // 溢出拋出異常 if (minCapacity < 0) // overflow throw new OutOfMemoryError(); // 計算超出時取值判斷 return (minCapacity > MAX_ARRAY_SIZE) ? Integer.MAX_VALUE : MAX_ARRAY_SIZE; } /** * 將element插入index的位置 */ public void add(int index, E element) { rangeCheckForAdd(index); ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!! // native方法實現拷貝 System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1, size - index); elementData[index] = element; size++; }
/** * 先對集合容量進行檢查,記錄修改次數,調用arraycopy將舊數組元素拷貝到新數組元素中 */ public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) { Object[] a = c.toArray(); int numNew = a.length; ensureCapacityInternal(size + numNew); // Increments modCount System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, size, numNew); size += numNew; return numNew != 0; } /** * 和上邊不一樣之處在於將數組拷貝到新數組index位置,其後元素依次排序 */ public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) { rangeCheckForAdd(index); Object[] a = c.toArray(); int numNew = a.length; ensureCapacityInternal(size + numNew); // Increments modCount int numMoved = size - index; if (numMoved > 0) System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + numNew, numMoved); System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, index, numNew); size += numNew; return numNew != 0; }
/** * 清空 */ public void clear() { modCount++; // clear to let GC do its work // 註釋上也寫明瞭緣由,置空爲了讓GC工做,回收空間 for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) elementData[i] = null; size = 0; }
/** * 判斷某個元素是否在集合中 */ public boolean contains(Object o) { return indexOf(o) >= 0; } /** * 返回元素在集合中的首個索引(從小到大) * 主要是判空區分 */ public int indexOf(Object o) { if (o == null) { for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) if (elementData[i]==null) return i; } else { for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) if (o.equals(elementData[i])) return i; } return -1; }
/** * 獲取索引爲index的元素,先檢查索引值,再調用elementData方法 */ public E get(int index) { rangeCheck(index); return elementData(index); }
/** * 返回迭代器 內部類實現 */ public Iterator<E> iterator() { return new Itr(); } private class Itr implements Iterator<E> { int cursor; // index of next element to return int lastRet = -1; // index of last element returned; -1 if no such int expectedModCount = modCount; Itr() {} public boolean hasNext() { return cursor != size; } /** * 獲取索引爲cursor的元素,並置cursor = cursor + 1,方便下次調用,lastRet記錄當前返回的元素索引 */ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public E next() { checkForComodification(); int i = cursor; if (i >= size) throw new NoSuchElementException(); Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData; if (i >= elementData.length) throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); cursor = i + 1; return (E) elementData[lastRet = i]; } /** * 移除當前lastRet對應元素,cursor置爲lastRet,修改次數修改 */ public void remove() { if (lastRet < 0) throw new IllegalStateException(); checkForComodification(); try { ArrayList.this.remove(lastRet); cursor = lastRet; lastRet = -1; expectedModCount = modCount; } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) { throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } } /** * jdk 1.8新增接口,調用accept接口對每一個元素執行動做 */ @Override @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super E> consumer) { Objects.requireNonNull(consumer); final int size = ArrayList.this.size; int i = cursor; if (i >= size) { return; } final Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData; if (i >= elementData.length) { throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } while (i != size && modCount == expectedModCount) { consumer.accept((E) elementData[i++]); } // update once at end of iteration to reduce heap write traffic cursor = i; lastRet = i - 1; checkForComodification(); } /** * 檢查 */ final void checkForComodification() { if (modCount != expectedModCount) throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } }
/** * 返回匹配對象的首個索引(從大到小) */ public int lastIndexOf(Object o) { if (o == null) { for (int i = size-1; i >= 0; i--) if (elementData[i]==null) return i; } else { for (int i = size-1; i >= 0; i--) if (o.equals(elementData[i])) return i; } return -1; }
/** * 刪除索引爲index的元素 */ public E remove(int index) { rangeCheck(index); //修改記錄+1 modCount++; E oldValue = elementData(index); int numMoved = size - index - 1; if (numMoved > 0) //使用arraycopy從新整理集合 System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index, numMoved); elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work return oldValue; } /** * 根據給定的元素刪除,這裏看源碼也能發現,只刪除第一個匹配成功的元素即返回 */ public boolean remove(Object o) { if (o == null) { for (int index = 0; index < size; index++) if (elementData[index] == null) { fastRemove(index); return true; } } else { for (int index = 0; index < size; index++) if (o.equals(elementData[index])) { fastRemove(index); return true; } } return false; }
/** * 移除全部和參數集合相同的元素 */ public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c) { Objects.requireNonNull(c); return batchRemove(c, false); } private boolean batchRemove(Collection<?> c, boolean complement) { final Object[] elementData = this.elementData; int r = 0, w = 0; boolean modified = false; try { for (; r < size; r++) //將保留的數據寫回elementData if (c.contains(elementData[r]) == complement) elementData[w++] = elementData[r]; } finally { // Preserve behavioral compatibility with AbstractCollection, // even if c.contains() throws. if (r != size) { System.arraycopy(elementData, r, elementData, w, size - r); w += size - r; } if (w != size) { // clear to let GC do its work for (int i = w; i < size; i++) //清理爲空的數據 elementData[i] = null; modCount += size - w; size = w; modified = true; } } return modified; }
/** * 設置索引爲index的值爲element */ public E set(int index, E element) { rangeCheck(index); E oldValue = elementData(index); elementData[index] = element; return oldValue; }
/** * 將list元素拷貝返回 */ public Object[] toArray() { return Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size); } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) { if (a.length < size) // Make a new array of a's runtime type, but my contents: return (T[]) Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size, a.getClass()); System.arraycopy(elementData, 0, a, 0, size); if (a.length > size) a[size] = null; return a; }
/** * 獲取子數組,內部類實現,子數組只是引用了原來的數組,所以改變子數組,至關於改變了原來的數組 * 子數組再也不詳細說明,ArrayList類類似,只是多了幾個成員變量,來限制範圍 * 源碼部分自行查看 */ public List<E> subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex) { subListRangeCheck(fromIndex, toIndex, size); return new SubList(this, 0, fromIndex, toIndex); }
總體來看ArrayList源碼仍是比較簡單的,從源碼部分也能注意到幾個點:併發
總的來講,仍是相對比較簡單了,但願對各位有所幫助,若有錯誤,歡迎指正,謝謝dom