Nginx 主配置文件 nginx.conf 是以區塊的形式組織的。通常,每一個區塊以一個大括號「{}」來表示,區塊能夠分爲幾個層次,整個配置文件中,main 區位於最上層,在 main 區下面能夠有 events 區、http 區等層級,在 http 區中又包含有一個或多個 server 區,每一個 server 區中又可有一個或多個 location 區,Nginx 整個配置文件 nginx.conf 的主體框架爲:php
#user nobody; # main 區塊,Nginx 核心功能模塊
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events { # events 區塊,Nginx 核心功能模塊
worker_connections 1024;
}
http { # http 區塊,Nginx http 核心模塊
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server { # server 區塊,一個 server 表明一個虛擬主機
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / { # location 區塊,屬於 server 區塊的內容
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root # concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
下面針對默認的主配置文件 nginx.conf 的核心配置參數作詳細解釋。html
首先去掉全部的註釋行和空行nginx
egrep -v "#|^$" /usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf.default
形式以下:vim
worker_processes 1; # worker 進程的數量,通常設置爲與CPU核心數一致,最好設置爲 auto,默認爲1
events { # events(事件)區塊開始
worker_connections 1024; # 每一個 worker 進程支持的最大鏈接數,默認值爲512
} # events(事件)區塊結束
http { # http 區塊開始
include mime.types; # Nginx 支持的媒體類型庫文件
default_type application/octet-stream; # 定義默認的媒體類型,默認值爲 text/plain
sendfile on; # 開啓高效傳輸模式,默認值爲 off
keepalive_timeout 65; # 設置客戶端的長鏈接在服務器端保持的最長時間(在此時間客戶端未發起新請求,則長鏈接關閉),默認值爲75s
server { # 第一個 server 區塊開始,表示一個獨立的虛擬主機站點
listen 80; # 提供服務的端口,默認值爲 *:80
server_name localhost; # 提供服務的域名
location / { # 第一個 location 區塊開始
root html; # 爲請求設置根目錄,默認爲 Nginx 安裝目錄下的 html 目錄(相對路徑),能夠使用絕對路徑
index index.html index.htm; # 默認的首頁文件,多個用空格分開,默認值爲 index.html
} # 第一個 location 區塊結束
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; # 出現對應的 http 狀態碼時,使用50x.html迴應客戶
location = /50x.html { # location 區塊開始,訪問50x.html
root html; # 指定對應的站點目錄爲html
}
}
} # http 區塊結束