oracle PL/SQL程序設計

declare

      說明部分    （變量說明，光標申明，例外說明 〕

begin

      語句序列   （DML語句〕…

exception

      例外處理語句  

End;

/

 

 

if語句

循環語句

光標(Cursor)==ResultSet

l說明光標語法：

CURSOR  光標名  [ (參數名  數據類型[,參數名 數據類型]...)]

      IS  SELECT   語句;

l用於存儲一個查詢返回的多行數據

l打開光標：                 open c1;    (打開光標執行查詢)

l取一行光標的值：fetch c1 into pjob; (取一行到變量中)

l關閉光標：          close  c1;(關閉遊標釋放資源)

 

系統定義例外

•No_data_found    (沒有找到數據)

•Too_many_rows          (select …into語句匹配多個行)

•Zero_Divide   ( 被零除)

•Value_error     (算術或轉換錯誤)

•Timeout_on_resource      (在等待資源時發生超時)

 

  1 select * from emp;
  2 
  3 select * from tab;
  4 
  5 set serveroutput on
  6 declare
  7 begin
  8   SYS.DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Hello world');
  9   end;
 10   /
 11   
 12   select * from emp;
 13   
 14   
 15   
 16   set serveroutput on;
 17   declare
 18    pename EMP.ENAME%type;
 19    psal EMP.SAL%type;
 20    begin
 21    select ename,sal into pename,psal from emp where EMPNO=7369;
 22    DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(pename||'***'||psal);
 23    end;
 24   
 25   
 26   set serveroutput on;
 27   declare 
 28     emp_rec emp%rowtype;
 29     begin
 30     select * into emp_rec from emp where empno=7369;
 31     SYS.DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(emp_rec.ename || '的薪水'||emp_rec.sal);
 32   end;
 33   /
 34   
 35   
 36   
 37   
 38   
 39 set serveroutput on
 40 accept num prompt '請輸入一個數字';
 41 declare 
 42     pnum number  := #
 43 begin
 44     if pnum = 0 then
 45     dbms_output.put_line('輸入的數字是'||pnum);
 46     elsif pnum = 1 then
 47     dbms_output.put_line('輸入的數字是'|| pnum);
 48     else
 49     dbms_output.put_line('輸入的是其餘數字');
 50     end if;
 51 end;
 52   /
 53   
 54 set serveroutput on
 55 accept num prompt '請輸入數字';
 56 declare 
 57   num number :=1;
 58 begin
 59   loop
 60     EXIT WHEN num>#
 61     DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(num);
 62     num :=num+1;
 63   end loop;
 64 end;
 65 
 66 
 67 
 68 set serveroutput on;
 69 declare 
 70   CURSOR cemp is select ename,sal from emp;
 71   pename EMP.ENAME%type;
 72   psal EMP.SAL%type;
 73   begin
 74   open cemp;
 75     loop
 76       FETCH cemp into pename,psal;
 77       exit when cemp%notfound;
 78       DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(pename||'的工資是'||psal);
 79     end loop;
 80   close cemp;
 81   end;
 82 
 83 
 84   create table testemp as
 85   select * from emp;
 86   select * from testemp;
 87   
 88   
 89   
 90   
 91   set serveroutput on;
 92   declare
 93     cursor cemp is select empno,tjob from testemp;
 94     pempno testemp.EMPNO%type;
 95     pjob testemp.tjob%type;
 96   begin
 97     open cemp;
 98     loop
 99       fetch cemp into pempno,pjob;
100       exit when cemp%notfound;
101       if pjob='PRESIDENT' then
102         update testemp set sal=sal+1000 where empno=pempno;
103       elsif pjob='MANAGER' then
104         update testemp set sal=sal+800 where empno=pempno;
105       else
106         update testemp set sal=sal+400 where empno=pempno;
107       end if;
108     end loop;
109     close cemp;
110   end;
111   
112   select * from TESTEMP;
113   
114   rollback;
115   
116   
117   
118   set serveroutput on;
119   accept num prompt '輸入部門號';
120   declare 
121   cursor cemp(dtno testemp.deptno%type) is select ename,deptno from testemp where deptno=dtno;
122   pename testemp.ename%type;
123   pdeptno testemp.deptno%type;
124   begin
125     open cemp(&num);
126       loop
127         fetch cemp into pename,pdeptno;
128         exit when cemp%notfound;
129         DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(pename || '******' || pdeptno);
130       end loop;
131     close cemp;
132     DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('success');
133   end;
134   
135 set serveroutput on;
136 declare 
137     num number;
138 begin
139   num:=16/0;
140 EXCEPTION
141   when Zero_Divide then DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('除數不能爲0');
142   when others then 
143   DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('其餘例外');
144 end; 
145 
146 set serveroutput on;
147 declare 
148  cursor cemp is select ename from emp where deptno=60;
149  pename emp.ename%type;
150  no_dept_exception exception;
151 begin 
152   open cemp;
153     loop
154       fetch cemp into pename;
155       if cemp%notfound then 
156       raise no_dept_exception;
157       end if;
158     end loop;
159   exception 
160   when no_dept_exception then 
161   DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('沒有相關部門');
162   when others then 
163   DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('其餘例外');
164   close cemp;
165 end;