BGP-RR 路由反射器工做原理

Technorati 標籤: BGP,CCIE,Router reflector,RR,路由反射器網絡

IBGP的路由反射器 (RR)session

因爲IBGP的水平分割問題,因此IBGP須要全互連FULL MESH.因爲整個IBGP full mesh的話,須要建的session數爲(n*(n-1))/2. 不具備擴展型.因此產生兩種解決辦法, RR是其中的一種.ide

clip_p_w_picpath002

總結爲非非不能傳. (非客戶和非客戶之間不能傳遞BGP路由)oop

RR的client並不知道本身是client.因此RR是本地有效. 客戶和非客戶通過RR反射的路由更新會帶上cluster-list和originator,可用於IBGP防環. Cluster-id默認爲RR本身的router-id. 能夠經過命令bgp cluster-id x.x.x.x來修改.學習

Cluster-id爲32位的值, 能夠寫成點分十進制,也能夠寫成十進制數;originator爲IBGP內起源路由器的router-id. RR是IBGP的特徵,除了IBGP後,RR全部的特性消失 (即路由攜帶的Cluster-list和originator所有消失).rest

neighbor 1.1.1.1 route-reflector-clientrouter

能夠經過這條命令來將IBGP的peer 1.1.1.1變成本身的客戶端.建議對每一個IBGP鄰居都打上這個命令.blog

當RR的客戶端FULL mesh的時候,能夠用no bgp client-to-client reflection禁止客戶端到客戶端的路由反射,能夠減小路由更新.ip

clip_p_w_picpath004

clip_p_w_picpath006

用這個命令的意義:路由

在某些特殊狀況下, 在RR上面使能了no bgp client-to-client reflection之後,客戶端到客戶端經過RR是不能進行宣告了,可是,還有一些狀況是非客戶端和客戶端之間是能夠正常通信的.

可是通常狀況下,在RR上面使能了這個命令,那麼這個RR也失效了.(由於在運營商網絡中,專用的RR會和每個路由器創建IBGP鄰居,而且指定每個路由器爲RR客戶端)

RR用兩個技術進行防止環路:Cluster-list和orgator-ID進行防環.

Cluster list:

當RR被部署的時候,cluster-id在AS內被用做另外一個環路防止機制。這個屬性記錄了在RR環境中,前綴所通過的cluster-id列表,當RR從他的客戶那裏反射路由到cluster外的非客戶的時候,或從非客戶反射路由到客戶的時候,或是從一個客戶反射到另一個客戶的時候,他會把本地cluster-id添加到clsuter-list前面。若是路由更新的cluster-list爲空,那麼RR自動建立一個.

Originator

是IBGP內起源路由器的router-ID.他在AS內部被用做防環機制,他由第一個RR建立,而且不被後續的RR所更改。Originator-id是:若是是在本地AS始發的路由,那麼就是BGP宣告者的router-id.若是路由是經過EBGP學習到的,那麼就是同一個AS的邊界路由器. 該屬性是一個32bit的數值,而且只應該從IBGP對等體那裏接收到,在RR上,originator-id用來替代路徑選擇過程當中的router ID. 當IBGP宣告者接收的更新包含他本身的originator-id時,丟棄路由。由於環路已經產生了。

在具體實施中,運營商通常是下面的狀況:

專門用兩臺核心路由器,專門作RR,路由反射器.這樣每臺路由反射器和AS內每個IBGP對等器創建鄰居關係.之因此要兩臺作RR主要目的是作冗餘,A和B兩臺路由器,只作路由反射,不作流量轉發.

clip_p_w_picpath008

簡化的狀況是下面:

clip_p_w_picpath010

從而能夠保證,無論R1學習到多少條路由,其餘全部路由器均可以同步路由信息.

路由反射器配置案例:

clip_p_w_picpath012

R2配置:

interface Loopback0

ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255

ip ospf 1 area 0

!

interface Ethernet0/0

ip address 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.0

ip ospf 1 area 0

!

interface Serial1/0

ip address 23.1.1.2 255.255.255.0

serial restart-delay 0

!

router ospf 1

router-id 2.2.2.2

!

router bgp 12

bgp router-id 2.2.2.2

bgp log-neighbor-changes

network 1.1.1.1 mask 255.255.255.255

network 2.2.2.2 mask 255.255.255.255

neighbor 1.1.1.1 remote-as 12

neighbor 1.1.1.1 update-source Loopback0

neighbor 3.3.3.3 remote-as 100

neighbor 3.3.3.3 ebgp-multihop 10

neighbor 3.3.3.3 update-source Loopback0

neighbor 3.3.3.3 advertisement-interval 20

!

ip route 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255 23.1.1.3

!

R3配置:

interface Loopback0

ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255

!

interface Ethernet0/0

ip address 38.1.1.3 255.255.255.0

!

interface Ethernet0/1

ip address 172.16.34.3 255.255.255.0

!

interface Serial1/0

ip address 23.1.1.3 255.255.255.0

serial restart-delay 0

!

router eigrp 100

network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0

network 172.16.34.3 0.0.0.0

eigrp router-id 3.3.3.3

!

router bgp 100

bgp router-id 3.3.3.3

bgp log-neighbor-changes

neighbor 2.2.2.2 remote-as 12

neighbor 2.2.2.2 ebgp-multihop 255

neighbor 2.2.2.2 update-source Loopback0

neighbor 4.4.4.4 remote-as 100

neighbor 4.4.4.4 update-source Loopback0

neighbor 4.4.4.4 next-hop-self

neighbor 8.8.8.8 remote-as 38

neighbor 8.8.8.8 ebgp-multihop 255

neighbor 8.8.8.8 update-source Loopback0

!

ip route 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255 23.1.1.2

ip route 8.8.8.8 255.255.255.255 38.1.1.8

!

對於R3來講,到2.2.2.2的下一跳是2.2.2.2. 由於下一跳可達2.2.2.2(靜態),因此最優.

clip_p_w_picpath014

R4配置:(路由反射器,須要和AS內全部路由器創建IBGP關係)

interface Loopback0

ip address 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255

!

interface Ethernet0/0

ip address 172.16.45.4 255.255.255.0

!

interface Ethernet0/1

ip address 172.16.34.4 255.255.255.0

!

router eigrp 100

network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0

network 172.16.34.4 0.0.0.0

network 172.16.45.4 0.0.0.0

eigrp router-id 4.4.4.4

!

router bgp 100

bgp router-id 4.4.4.4

bgp log-neighbor-changes

neighbor Hank peer-group

neighbor Hank remote-as 100

neighbor Hank update-source Loopback0

neighbor Hank route-reflector-client

neighbor 3.3.3.3 peer-group Hank

neighbor 5.5.5.5 peer-group Hank

neighbor 6.6.6.6 peer-group Hank

!

clip_p_w_picpath016

上面能夠看到,3.3.3.3,和6.6.6.6把相關的2.2.2.2和77.77.77.77路由都已經傳遞過來了。

R5配置:

interface Loopback0

ip address 5.5.5.5 255.255.255.255

!

interface Ethernet0/0

ip address 172.16.45.5 255.255.255.0

!

interface Ethernet0/1

ip address 172.16.56.5 255.255.255.0

!

router eigrp 100

network 5.5.5.5 0.0.0.0

network 172.16.45.5 0.0.0.0

network 172.16.56.5 0.0.0.0

eigrp router-id 5.5.5.5

!

router bgp 100

bgp router-id 5.5.5.5

bgp log-neighbor-changes

neighbor 4.4.4.4 remote-as 100

neighbor 4.4.4.4 update-source Loopback0

!

R6配置:

interface Loopback0

ip address 6.6.6.6 255.255.255.255

!

interface Ethernet0/1

ip address 172.16.56.6 255.255.255.0

!

interface Serial1/0

ip address 67.1.1.6 255.255.255.0

serial restart-delay 0

!

router eigrp 100

network 6.6.6.6 0.0.0.0

network 172.16.56.6 0.0.0.0

eigrp router-id 6.6.6.6

!

router bgp 100

bgp router-id 6.6.6.6

bgp log-neighbor-changes

neighbor 4.4.4.4 remote-as 100

neighbor 4.4.4.4 update-source Loopback0

neighbor 4.4.4.4 next-hop-self

neighbor 7.7.7.7 remote-as 67

neighbor 7.7.7.7 ebgp-multihop 255

neighbor 7.7.7.7 update-source Loopback0

!

ip route 7.7.7.7 255.255.255.255 67.1.1.7

!

clip_p_w_picpath018

R7配置:

interface Loopback0

ip address 7.7.7.7 255.255.255.255

!

interface Loopback77

ip address 77.77.77.77 255.255.255.0

!

interface Serial1/0

ip address 67.1.1.7 255.255.255.0

serial restart-delay 0

!

router bgp 67

bgp router-id 7.7.7.7

bgp log-neighbor-changes

network 77.77.77.0 mask 255.255.255.0

neighbor 6.6.6.6 remote-as 100

neighbor 6.6.6.6 ebgp-multihop 10

neighbor 6.6.6.6 update-source Loopback0

!

ip route 6.6.6.6 255.255.255.255 67.1.1.6

!

最終:R2 ping R7,通:

clip_p_w_picpath020

相關文章
相關標籤/搜索