Hadoop學習筆記—20.網站日誌分析項目案例(二)數據清洗

網站日誌分析項目案例(一)項目介紹:http://www.cnblogs.com/edisonchou/p/4449082.htmlhtml

網站日誌分析項目案例(二)數據清洗:當前頁面
java

網站日誌分析項目案例(三)統計分析:http://www.cnblogs.com/edisonchou/p/4464349.htmlshell

1、數據狀況分析

1.1 數據狀況回顧

  該論壇數據有兩部分:apache

  (1)歷史數據約56GB,統計到2012-05-29。這也說明,在2012-05-29以前,日誌文件都在一個文件裏邊,採用了追加寫入的方式。數組

  (2)自2013-05-30起,天天生成一個數據文件,約150MB左右。這也說明,從2013-05-30以後,日誌文件再也不是在一個文件裏邊。服務器

  圖1展現了該日誌數據的記錄格式,其中每行記錄有5部分組成:訪問者IP、訪問時間、訪問資源、訪問狀態(HTTP狀態碼)、本次訪問流量。app

log

圖1 日誌記錄數據格式ide

  本次使用數據來自於兩個2013年的日誌文件,分別爲access_2013_05_30.log與access_2013_05_31.log,下載地址爲:http://pan.baidu.com/s/1pJE7XR9oop

1.2 要清理的數據

  (1)根據前一篇的關鍵指標的分析,咱們所要統計分析的均不涉及到訪問狀態(HTTP狀態碼)以及本次訪問的流量,因而咱們首先能夠將這兩項記錄清理掉;測試

  (2)根據日誌記錄的數據格式,咱們須要將日期格式轉換爲日常所見的普通格式如20150426這種,因而咱們能夠寫一個類將日誌記錄的日期進行轉換;

  (3)因爲靜態資源的訪問請求對咱們的數據分析沒有意義,因而咱們能夠將"GET /staticsource/"開頭的訪問記錄過濾掉,又由於GET和POST字符串對咱們也沒有意義,所以也能夠將其省略掉;

2、數據清洗過程

2.1 按期上傳日誌至HDFS

  首先,把日誌數據上傳到HDFS中進行處理,能夠分爲如下幾種狀況:

  (1)若是是日誌服務器數據較小、壓力較小,能夠直接使用shell命令把數據上傳到HDFS中;

  (2)若是是日誌服務器數據較大、壓力較大,使用NFS在另外一臺服務器上上傳數據;

  (3)若是日誌服務器很是多、數據量大,使用flume進行數據處理;

  這裏咱們的實驗數據文件較小,所以直接採用第一種Shell命令方式。又由於日誌文件時天天產生的,所以須要設置一個定時任務,在次日的1點鐘自動將前一天產生的log文件上傳到HDFS的指定目錄中。因此,咱們經過shell腳本結合crontab建立一個定時任務techbbs_core.sh,內容以下:

#!/bin/sh

#step1.get yesterday format string
yesterday=$(date --date='1 days ago' +%Y_%m_%d)
#step2.upload logs to hdfs
hadoop fs -put /usr/local/files/apache_logs/access_${yesterday}.log /project/techbbs/data

  結合crontab設置爲天天1點鐘自動執行的按期任務:crontab -e,內容以下(其中1表明天天1:00,techbbs_core.sh爲要執行的腳本文件):

* 1 * * * techbbs_core.sh

  驗證方式:經過命令 crontab -l 能夠查看已經設置的定時任務

2.2 編寫MapReduce程序清理日誌

  (1)編寫日誌解析類對每行記錄的五個組成部分進行單獨的解析

    static class LogParser {
        public static final SimpleDateFormat FORMAT = new SimpleDateFormat(
                "d/MMM/yyyy:HH:mm:ss", Locale.ENGLISH);
        public static final SimpleDateFormat dateformat1 = new SimpleDateFormat(
                "yyyyMMddHHmmss");/**
         * 解析英文時間字符串
         * 
         * @param string
         * @return
         * @throws ParseException
         */
        private Date parseDateFormat(String string) {
            Date parse = null;
            try {
                parse = FORMAT.parse(string);
            } catch (ParseException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return parse;
        }

        /**
         * 解析日誌的行記錄
         * 
         * @param line
         * @return 數組含有5個元素,分別是ip、時間、url、狀態、流量
         */
        public String[] parse(String line) {
            String ip = parseIP(line);
            String time = parseTime(line);
            String url = parseURL(line);
            String status = parseStatus(line);
            String traffic = parseTraffic(line);

            return new String[] { ip, time, url, status, traffic };
        }

        private String parseTraffic(String line) {
            final String trim = line.substring(line.lastIndexOf("\"") + 1)
                    .trim();
            String traffic = trim.split(" ")[1];
            return traffic;
        }

        private String parseStatus(String line) {
            final String trim = line.substring(line.lastIndexOf("\"") + 1)
                    .trim();
            String status = trim.split(" ")[0];
            return status;
        }

        private String parseURL(String line) {
            final int first = line.indexOf("\"");
            final int last = line.lastIndexOf("\"");
            String url = line.substring(first + 1, last);
            return url;
        }

        private String parseTime(String line) {
            final int first = line.indexOf("[");
            final int last = line.indexOf("+0800]");
            String time = line.substring(first + 1, last).trim();
            Date date = parseDateFormat(time);
            return dateformat1.format(date);
        }

        private String parseIP(String line) {
            String ip = line.split("- -")[0].trim();
            return ip;
        }
    }

  (2)編寫MapReduce程序對指定日誌文件的全部記錄進行過濾

  Mapper類:

        static class MyMapper extends
            Mapper<LongWritable, Text, LongWritable, Text> {
        LogParser logParser = new LogParser();
        Text outputValue = new Text();

        protected void map(
                LongWritable key,
                Text value,
                org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper<LongWritable, Text, LongWritable, Text>.Context context)
                throws java.io.IOException, InterruptedException {
            final String[] parsed = logParser.parse(value.toString());

            // step1.過濾掉靜態資源訪問請求
            if (parsed[2].startsWith("GET /static/")
                    || parsed[2].startsWith("GET /uc_server")) {
                return;
            }
            // step2.過濾掉開頭的指定字符串
            if (parsed[2].startsWith("GET /")) {
                parsed[2] = parsed[2].substring("GET /".length());
            } else if (parsed[2].startsWith("POST /")) {
                parsed[2] = parsed[2].substring("POST /".length());
            }
            // step3.過濾掉結尾的特定字符串
            if (parsed[2].endsWith(" HTTP/1.1")) {
                parsed[2] = parsed[2].substring(0, parsed[2].length()
                        - " HTTP/1.1".length());
            }
            // step4.只寫入前三個記錄類型項
            outputValue.set(parsed[0] + "\t" + parsed[1] + "\t" + parsed[2]);
            context.write(key, outputValue);
        }
    }

  Reducer類:

    static class MyReducer extends
            Reducer<LongWritable, Text, Text, NullWritable> {
        protected void reduce(
                LongWritable k2,
                java.lang.Iterable<Text> v2s,
                org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer<LongWritable, Text, Text, NullWritable>.Context context)
                throws java.io.IOException, InterruptedException {
            for (Text v2 : v2s) {
                context.write(v2, NullWritable.get());
            }
        };
    }

  (3)LogCleanJob.java的完整示例代碼

package techbbs;

import java.net.URI;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Locale;

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configured;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.NullWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.Tool;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.ToolRunner;

public class LogCleanJob extends Configured implements Tool {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Configuration conf = new Configuration();
        try {
            int res = ToolRunner.run(conf, new LogCleanJob(), args);
            System.exit(res);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public int run(String[] args) throws Exception {
        final Job job = new Job(new Configuration(),
                LogCleanJob.class.getSimpleName());
        // 設置爲能夠打包運行
        job.setJarByClass(LogCleanJob.class);
        FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, args[0]);
        job.setMapperClass(MyMapper.class);
        job.setMapOutputKeyClass(LongWritable.class);
        job.setMapOutputValueClass(Text.class);
        job.setReducerClass(MyReducer.class);
        job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
        job.setOutputValueClass(NullWritable.class);
        FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(args[1]));
        // 清理已存在的輸出文件
        FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(new URI(args[0]), getConf());
        Path outPath = new Path(args[1]);
        if (fs.exists(outPath)) {
            fs.delete(outPath, true);
        }
        
        boolean success = job.waitForCompletion(true);
        if(success){
            System.out.println("Clean process success!");
        }
        else{
            System.out.println("Clean process failed!");
        }
        return 0;
    }

    static class MyMapper extends
            Mapper<LongWritable, Text, LongWritable, Text> {
        LogParser logParser = new LogParser();
        Text outputValue = new Text();

        protected void map(
                LongWritable key,
                Text value,
                org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper<LongWritable, Text, LongWritable, Text>.Context context)
                throws java.io.IOException, InterruptedException {
            final String[] parsed = logParser.parse(value.toString());

            // step1.過濾掉靜態資源訪問請求
            if (parsed[2].startsWith("GET /static/")
                    || parsed[2].startsWith("GET /uc_server")) {
                return;
            }
            // step2.過濾掉開頭的指定字符串
            if (parsed[2].startsWith("GET /")) {
                parsed[2] = parsed[2].substring("GET /".length());
            } else if (parsed[2].startsWith("POST /")) {
                parsed[2] = parsed[2].substring("POST /".length());
            }
            // step3.過濾掉結尾的特定字符串
            if (parsed[2].endsWith(" HTTP/1.1")) {
                parsed[2] = parsed[2].substring(0, parsed[2].length()
                        - " HTTP/1.1".length());
            }
            // step4.只寫入前三個記錄類型項
            outputValue.set(parsed[0] + "\t" + parsed[1] + "\t" + parsed[2]);
            context.write(key, outputValue);
        }
    }

    static class MyReducer extends
            Reducer<LongWritable, Text, Text, NullWritable> {
        protected void reduce(
                LongWritable k2,
                java.lang.Iterable<Text> v2s,
                org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer<LongWritable, Text, Text, NullWritable>.Context context)
                throws java.io.IOException, InterruptedException {
            for (Text v2 : v2s) {
                context.write(v2, NullWritable.get());
            }
        };
    }

    /*
     * 日誌解析類
     */
    static class LogParser {
        public static final SimpleDateFormat FORMAT = new SimpleDateFormat(
                "d/MMM/yyyy:HH:mm:ss", Locale.ENGLISH);
        public static final SimpleDateFormat dateformat1 = new SimpleDateFormat(
                "yyyyMMddHHmmss");

        public static void main(String[] args) throws ParseException {
            final String S1 = "27.19.74.143 - - [30/May/2013:17:38:20 +0800] \"GET /static/image/common/faq.gif HTTP/1.1\" 200 1127";
            LogParser parser = new LogParser();
            final String[] array = parser.parse(S1);
            System.out.println("樣例數據: " + S1);
            System.out.format(
                    "解析結果:  ip=%s, time=%s, url=%s, status=%s, traffic=%s",
                    array[0], array[1], array[2], array[3], array[4]);
        }

        /**
         * 解析英文時間字符串
         * 
         * @param string
         * @return
         * @throws ParseException
         */
        private Date parseDateFormat(String string) {
            Date parse = null;
            try {
                parse = FORMAT.parse(string);
            } catch (ParseException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return parse;
        }

        /**
         * 解析日誌的行記錄
         * 
         * @param line
         * @return 數組含有5個元素,分別是ip、時間、url、狀態、流量
         */
        public String[] parse(String line) {
            String ip = parseIP(line);
            String time = parseTime(line);
            String url = parseURL(line);
            String status = parseStatus(line);
            String traffic = parseTraffic(line);

            return new String[] { ip, time, url, status, traffic };
        }

        private String parseTraffic(String line) {
            final String trim = line.substring(line.lastIndexOf("\"") + 1)
                    .trim();
            String traffic = trim.split(" ")[1];
            return traffic;
        }

        private String parseStatus(String line) {
            final String trim = line.substring(line.lastIndexOf("\"") + 1)
                    .trim();
            String status = trim.split(" ")[0];
            return status;
        }

        private String parseURL(String line) {
            final int first = line.indexOf("\"");
            final int last = line.lastIndexOf("\"");
            String url = line.substring(first + 1, last);
            return url;
        }

        private String parseTime(String line) {
            final int first = line.indexOf("[");
            final int last = line.indexOf("+0800]");
            String time = line.substring(first + 1, last).trim();
            Date date = parseDateFormat(time);
            return dateformat1.format(date);
        }

        private String parseIP(String line) {
            String ip = line.split("- -")[0].trim();
            return ip;
        }
    }
}
View Code

  (4)導出jar包,並將其上傳至Linux服務器指定目錄中

2.3 按期清理日誌至HDFS

  這裏咱們改寫剛剛的定時任務腳本,將自動執行清理的MapReduce程序加入腳本中,內容以下:

#!/bin/sh

#step1.get yesterday format string
yesterday=$(date --date='1 days ago' +%Y_%m_%d)
#step2.upload logs to hdfs
hadoop fs -put /usr/local/files/apache_logs/access_${yesterday}.log /project/techbbs/data
#step3.clean log data
hadoop jar /usr/local/files/apache_logs/mycleaner.jar /project/techbbs/data/access_${yesterday}.log /project/techbbs/cleaned/${yesterday}

  這段腳本的意思就在於天天1點將日誌文件上傳到HDFS後,執行數據清理程序對已存入HDFS的日誌文件進行過濾,並將過濾後的數據存入cleaned目錄下。 

2.4 定時任務測試

  (1)由於兩個日誌文件是2013年的,所以這裏將其名稱改成2015年當天以及前一天的,以便這裏可以測試經過。

  (2)執行命令:techbbs_core.sh 2014_04_26

  控制檯的輸出信息以下所示,能夠看到過濾後的記錄減小了不少:

15/04/26 04:27:20 INFO input.FileInputFormat: Total input paths to process : 1
15/04/26 04:27:20 INFO util.NativeCodeLoader: Loaded the native-hadoop library
15/04/26 04:27:20 WARN snappy.LoadSnappy: Snappy native library not loaded
15/04/26 04:27:22 INFO mapred.JobClient: Running job: job_201504260249_0002
15/04/26 04:27:23 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 0% reduce 0%
15/04/26 04:28:01 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 29% reduce 0%
15/04/26 04:28:07 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 42% reduce 0%
15/04/26 04:28:10 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 57% reduce 0%
15/04/26 04:28:13 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 74% reduce 0%
15/04/26 04:28:16 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 89% reduce 0%
15/04/26 04:28:19 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 0%
15/04/26 04:28:49 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 100%
15/04/26 04:28:50 INFO mapred.JobClient: Job complete: job_201504260249_0002
15/04/26 04:28:50 INFO mapred.JobClient: Counters: 29
15/04/26 04:28:50 INFO mapred.JobClient: Job Counters
15/04/26 04:28:50 INFO mapred.JobClient: Launched reduce tasks=1
15/04/26 04:28:50 INFO mapred.JobClient: SLOTS_MILLIS_MAPS=58296
15/04/26 04:28:50 INFO mapred.JobClient: Total time spent by all reduces waiting after reserving slots (ms)=0
15/04/26 04:28:50 INFO mapred.JobClient: Total time spent by all maps waiting after reserving slots (ms)=0
15/04/26 04:28:50 INFO mapred.JobClient: Launched map tasks=1
15/04/26 04:28:50 INFO mapred.JobClient: Data-local map tasks=1
15/04/26 04:28:50 INFO mapred.JobClient: SLOTS_MILLIS_REDUCES=25238
15/04/26 04:28:50 INFO mapred.JobClient: File Output Format Counters
15/04/26 04:28:50 INFO mapred.JobClient: Bytes Written=12794925
15/04/26 04:28:50 INFO mapred.JobClient: FileSystemCounters
15/04/26 04:28:50 INFO mapred.JobClient: FILE_BYTES_READ=14503530
15/04/26 04:28:50 INFO mapred.JobClient: HDFS_BYTES_READ=61084325
15/04/26 04:28:50 INFO mapred.JobClient: FILE_BYTES_WRITTEN=29111500
15/04/26 04:28:50 INFO mapred.JobClient: HDFS_BYTES_WRITTEN=12794925
15/04/26 04:28:50 INFO mapred.JobClient: File Input Format Counters
15/04/26 04:28:50 INFO mapred.JobClient: Bytes Read=61084192
15/04/26 04:28:50 INFO mapred.JobClient: Map-Reduce Framework
15/04/26 04:28:50 INFO mapred.JobClient: Map output materialized bytes=14503530
15/04/26 04:28:50 INFO mapred.JobClient: Map input records=548160
15/04/26 04:28:50 INFO mapred.JobClient: Reduce shuffle bytes=14503530
15/04/26 04:28:50 INFO mapred.JobClient: Spilled Records=339714
15/04/26 04:28:50 INFO mapred.JobClient: Map output bytes=14158741
15/04/26 04:28:50 INFO mapred.JobClient: CPU time spent (ms)=21200
15/04/26 04:28:50 INFO mapred.JobClient: Total committed heap usage (bytes)=229003264
15/04/26 04:28:50 INFO mapred.JobClient: Combine input records=0
15/04/26 04:28:50 INFO mapred.JobClient: SPLIT_RAW_BYTES=133
15/04/26 04:28:50 INFO mapred.JobClient: Reduce input records=169857
15/04/26 04:28:50 INFO mapred.JobClient: Reduce input groups=169857
15/04/26 04:28:50 INFO mapred.JobClient: Combine output records=0
15/04/26 04:28:50 INFO mapred.JobClient: Physical memory (bytes) snapshot=154001408
15/04/26 04:28:50 INFO mapred.JobClient: Reduce output records=169857
15/04/26 04:28:50 INFO mapred.JobClient: Virtual memory (bytes) snapshot=689442816
15/04/26 04:28:50 INFO mapred.JobClient: Map output records=169857
Clean process success!

  (3)經過Web接口查看HDFS中的日誌數據:

  存入的未過濾的日誌數據:/project/techbbs/data/

  存入的已過濾的日誌數據:/project/techbbs/cleaned/

 

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