一、基礎介紹
- 本文采用的模塊之家的實例項目爲模板,採用react+react-router-dom+redux+axios+antd+js-cookie+less等技術棧來實現。
- 本文假設你對react已經有基本瞭解。
- react官方文檔
- react-router官方文檔
二、建立項目
- create-react-app react_pc_demo
- cd react_pc_demo
- npm (run) start
三、暴露配置文件
- react項目默認是隱藏配置文件的。
- 本項目選擇暴露配置文件的方式
npm run eject
暴露配置文件(操做的時候本地不能有修改的文件、不然會報錯This git repository has untracked files or uncommitted changes
)
四、配置別名
- 在
webpack.config.js
的alias
配置中增長以下配置
alias: {
'@': paths.appSrc
}
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- 修改引用方式,重啓(修改配置文件必須重啓才能生效)驗證配置是否成功
// import logo from './logo.svg';
// import './App.css';
import logo from '@/logo.svg';
import '@/App.css';
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五、項目結構規劃
+-- src/ ---核心代碼目錄
| +-- api ---api配置
| +-- assets ---靜態資源文件夾
| +-- components ---功能組件
| +-- layout ---佈局組件(用於劃分頁面佈局的組件)
| +-- pages ---頁面組件(具備路由)
| +-- router ---路由配置文件
| +-- styles ---樣式配置文件
| +-- utils ---輔助函數
| --- index.js ---項目入口文件
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六、less配置
npm install -S less less-loader / cnpm i -S less less-loader
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- 在
webpack.config.js
的style files regexes
配置中增長以下配置
const cssRegex = /\.css|less$/; 修改成=> const cssRegex = /\.css|less$/
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- 在
webpack.config.js
的loaders
配置中增長以下配置
{
loader: require.resolve('less-loader')
}
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七、配置路由
- cnpm i -S react-router-dom // react-router-dom依賴包含react-router
- 新建路由文件,在router文件下新建index.js文件
import React from "react"
import { HashRouter, Route, Switch, Redirect } from "react-router-dom"
import Home from '@/pages/home'
export default () => (
<HashRouter>
<Switch>
<Route path="/home" component={Home}></Route>
<Redirect exact from="/" to="/home" />
</Switch>
</HashRouter>
)
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import Router from "@/router"
ReactDOM.render(<Router />, document.getElementById('root'));
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- HashRouter/BrowserRouter 定義路由方式Hash/或者Location
- Switch路由切換組件,多個Route時用Switch包裹,不然會報警告
- Route路由
- Redirect路由重定向
- exact路由絕對匹配
八、狀態管理(redux)
- cnpm i -S redux react-redux redux-thunk // redux-thunk => action異步處理
- 新建store文件夾,新建state,actions,reducers,actionTypes
state: 初始化數據
import { getUserInfo } from '@/utils/store'
export default {
userReducer: {
userName: getUserInfo()
},
orderReducer: {
orderType: 'order',
completed: 'false',
num: 0
}
}
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actionTypes: 集中管理action操做類型
export const USER_LOGIN = 'USER_LOGIN'
export const ADD_ORDER_NUM = 'ADD_ORDER_NUM'
export const USER_LOGOUT = 'USER_LOGOUT'
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actions: 修改state必須經過action
import { USER_LOGIN, ADD_ORDER_NUM, USER_LOGOUT } from './actionTypes'
export function userLogin(payload) {
return {
type: USER_LOGIN,
payload
}
}
export function logout() {
return {
type: USER_LOGOUT
}
}
export function addOrderNum() {
return {
type: ADD_ORDER_NUM
}
}
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reducers: 數據處理
import { combineReducers } from 'redux'
import { USER_LOGIN, ADD_ORDER_NUM, USER_LOGOUT } from './actionTypes'
import initialState from './state'
import { setUserInfo, removeUserInfo } from '@/utils/store'
let userReducer = (state = initialState.userReducer, action) => {
switch (action.type) {
case USER_LOGIN:
setUserInfo(action.payload)
return {
...state,
userName: action.payload
}
case USER_LOGOUT:
removeUserInfo()
return {
...state,
userName: null
}
default:
return state
}
}
let orderReducer = (state = initialState.orderReducer, action) => {
switch (action.type) {
case ADD_ORDER_NUM:
return {
...state,
num: ++state.num
}
default:
return state
}
}
export default combineReducers({
userReducer,
orderReducer,
})
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- 修改index.js文件
import { createStore, applyMiddleware } from 'redux'
import reducers from './reducers'
import initialState from './state'
import thunk from "redux-thunk"
const enhancer = applyMiddleware(thunk)
export default createStore(
reducers,
initialState,
enhancer
)
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- 高階組件connect
// 此處僅僅只是演示頁面
import React, { Component } from 'react';
import PropsTypes from 'prop-types' // cnpm i -S prop-types
import { connect } from 'react-redux' // connect高階組件
import { addOrderNum } from '@/store/actions' // 引入action
class OrderNum extends Component {
static PropsTypes = { // 定義數據類型
orderType: PropsTypes.string,
num: PropsTypes.number.isRequired,
completed: PropsTypes.bool,
addOrderNum: PropsTypes.func.isRequired
}
render() {
return (
<div className="order_component">
<p>orderType: {this.props.orderType}</p>
<p>orderNum: {this.props.num}</p>
<p>completed: {this.props.completed}</p>
<button onClick={this.props.addOrderNum}>add order number</button> // 使用action
</div>
);
}
}
const mapStateToProps = (state, ownProps) => ({ // 當前組件須要使用的state數據
orderType: state.orderReducer.orderType,
completed: state.orderReducer.completed,
num: state.orderReducer.num
})
const mapDispatchToProps = { // 當前組件須要反饋的action
addOrderNum
}
export default connect(mapStateToProps, mapDispatchToProps)(OrderNum)
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九、中間件middleware
cnpm i -S redux-thunk // 加強action異步處理
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// 修改store
import { createStore, applyMiddleware } from 'redux'
import reducers from './reducers'
import initialState from './state'
import thunk from "redux-thunk"
const enhancer = applyMiddleware(thunk)
export default createStore(
reducers,
initialState,
enhancer
)
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十、添加布局layout和子路由
- 在layout下則增長DefaultLayout組件,新增公共頭部底部組件
- 在router下增長module文件夾,新增frontRouter組件,在DefaultLayout使用此模塊路由。
十一、ui(antd)的使用
cnpm i -S antd
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- 配置, style爲css和true區別你是否須要使用
babel-plugin-import
引入你的樣式(在非按需引用時你須要將.css改成.less),它的好處在於能夠顯著減小包大小
在babel-loader的plugins中增長以下配置
['import', { libraryName: 'antd', libraryDirectory: 'es', style: 'css' }]
或者
['import', { libraryName: 'antd', libraryDirectory: 'es', style: true }]
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import { Button } from 'antd'
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ps
,當你在使用style: true時可能遇到如下錯誤,Inline JavaScript is not enabled. Is it set in your options?
,解決辦法,在less-loader
的options
增長如下配置javascriptEnabled: true
Failed to compile.
./node_modules/_antd@3.12.1@antd/es/button/style/index.less (./node_modules/_css-loader@1.0.0@css-loader??ref--6-oneOf-3-1!./node_modules/_postcss-loader@3.0.0@postcss-loader/src??postcss!./node_modules/_less-loader@4.1.0@less-loader/dist/cjs.js!./node_modules/_antd@3.12.1@antd/es/button/style/index.less)
// https://github.com/ant-design/ant-motion/issues/44
.bezierEasingMixin();
^
Inline JavaScript is not enabled. Is it set in your options?
in D:\user\80002912\桌面\my_project\react_pc_demo\node_modules\_antd@3.12.1@antd\es\style\color\bezierEasing.less (line 110, column 0)
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code
{
loader: require.resolve('less-loader'),
options: {
javascriptEnabled: true
}
}
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十二、先後端交互
cnpm i -S axios qs
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- 二次封裝axios,詳見api下index.js和fetch.js文件
api
fetch.js 二次封裝axios
index.js 集中管理api,可根據須要進行模塊化劃分,在組件中按需引用便可
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1三、react-router
路由跳轉
this.props.history.push('/path')
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- 使用
Link
跳轉
<Link to="/path">go to other page</Link>
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- 路由組件傳遞
如test爲home組件的子組件
<test history={this.props.history} />
在test中
this.props.history.push('/path')
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- 經過
context
共享
home組件
getChildContext() { // 經過context申明共享數據
return {
history: createHashHistory()
}
}
static childContextTypes = { // 申明共享數據類型
history: PropTypes.object
}
在test中
static contextTypes = { // 申明須要使用的共享數據及類型
history: PropTypes.object
}
在'render'中經過'this.context.history'使用
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- 直接引用
history
import createHashHistory from 'history/createHashHistory'
const history = createHashHistory()
在組件內部
history.push('/path')
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1四、組件異步加載(code split)
- 藉助
babel-plugin-syntax-dynamic-import
+ react-loadable
實現按需加載
cnpm i -D babel-plugin-syntax-dynamic-import
cnpm i -S react-loadable
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- 組件內使用,核心代碼以下,將
import Home from '@/pages/home'
改成使用Loadable()
的方式const Home = Loadable({loader: () => import('@/pages/home'), loading})
import Loadable from 'react-loadable'
import loading from '@/components/common/loading' // 自定義的loading組件
// import Home from '@/pages/home';
// import Login from '@/pages/login';
// import Error_404 from '@/pages/error404';
// import DefaultLayout from '@/layout/default';
const Home = Loadable({loader: () => import('@/pages/home'), loading});
const Login = Loadable({loader: () => import('@/pages/login'), loading});
const Error_404 = Loadable({loader: () => import('@/pages/error404'), loading});
const DefaultLayout = Loadable({loader: () => import('@/layout/default'), loading});
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- 藉助
require.ensure()
,如:
const Home = (location, cb) => {
require.ensure([], require => {
cb(null, require('./component/home').default);
}, 'home');
}
或者藉助包裝類'Bundle Loader'
npm i --save bundle-loader
const Home = (props) => (
<Bundle load={(cb) => {
require.ensure([], require => {
cb(require('./component/home'));
});
}}>
{(Home) => <Home {...props}/>}
</Bundle>
);
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- 使用
import()
,如:
const Home = (props) => (
<Bundle load={() => import('./component/home')}>
{(Home) => <Home {...props}/>}
</Bundle>
);
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1五、總結
- 本文已模板之家項目爲實現,介紹了開發過程當中的各類配置。
- 後期在開發時,可能對代碼部分略有修改,但思路不變。
- 本文的實例已放到馬雲上,並持續同步更新。
- 目前已實現的功能有首頁、登陸頁、購物車等