xunit 是 .NET 裏使用很是普遍的一個測試框架,有不少測試項目都是在使用 xunit 做爲測試框架,不單單有不少開源項目在使用,不少微軟的項目也在使用 xunit 來做爲測試框架。html
在 xunit 中不須要標記測試類,全部 public
的相似均可以做爲測試類,測試方法須要使用 Fact
或者 Theory
註解來標註方法,來看一個基本的使用示例:git
首先準備了幾個要測試的方法:github
internal class Helper { public static int Add(int x, int y) { return x + y; } public static void ArgumentExceptionTest() => throw new ArgumentException(); public static void ArgumentNullExceptionTest() => throw new ArgumentNullException(); }
測試代碼:數據庫
public class BasicTest { [Fact] public void AddTest() { Assert.Equal(4, Helper.Add(2, 2)); Assert.NotEqual(3, Helper.Add(2, 2)); } [Theory] [InlineData(1, 2)] [InlineData(2, 2)] public void AddTestWithTestData(int num1, int num2) { Assert.Equal(num1 + num2, Helper.Add(num1, num2)); } }
使用 Fact
標記的測試方法不能有方法參數,只有標記 Theory
的方法能夠有方法參數c#
使用 Assert
來斷言結果是否符合預期,xunit 提供了很豐富的 Assert
方法,可使得咱們的測試代碼更加簡潔。mvc
Exception Assert框架
除了通常的結果斷言,xunit 也支持 exception 斷言,主要支持兩大類,Assert.Throw
/Assert.Throw<TExceptionType>
/Assert.ThrowAny<TExceptionType>
,對應的也有 Async
版本less
[Fact] public void ExceptionTest() { var exceptionType = typeof(ArgumentException); Assert.Throws(exceptionType, Helper.ArgumentExceptionTest); Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(testCode: Helper.ArgumentExceptionTest); } [Fact] public void ExceptionAnyTest() { Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(Helper.ArgumentNullExceptionTest); Assert.ThrowsAny<ArgumentNullException>(Helper.ArgumentNullExceptionTest); Assert.ThrowsAny<ArgumentException>(Helper.ArgumentNullExceptionTest); }
Assert.Throw(exceptionType, action)
和 Assert.Throw<TExceptionType>(action)
這樣的 exception 類型只能是這個類型,繼承於這個類型的不算,會 fail,而 Assert.ThrowAny<TExceptionType>(action)
則更包容一點,是這個類型或者是繼承於這個類型的均可以。ide
不少人已經在使用其餘的測試框架,如何遷移呢,xunit 也給出了與 nunit 和 mstest 的對比,詳細能夠參考下面的對比,具體能夠參考 https://xunit.net/docs/comparisons:單元測試
NUnit 3.x | MSTest 15.x | xUnit.net 2.x | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
[Test] |
[TestMethod] |
[Fact] |
Marks a test method. |
[TestFixture] |
[TestClass] |
n/a | xUnit.net does not require an attribute for a test class; it looks for all test methods in all public (exported) classes in the assembly. |
Assert.That Record.Exception |
[ExpectedException] |
Assert.Throws Record.Exception |
xUnit.net has done away with the ExpectedException attribute in favor of Assert.Throws . See Note 1 |
[SetUp] |
[TestInitialize] |
Constructor | We believe that use of [SetUp] is generally bad. However, you can implement a parameterless constructor as a direct replacement. See Note 2 |
[TearDown] |
[TestCleanup] |
IDisposable.Dispose |
We believe that use of [TearDown] is generally bad. However, you can implement IDisposable.Dispose as a direct replacement. See Note 2 |
[OneTimeSetUp] |
[ClassInitialize] |
IClassFixture<T> |
To get per-class fixture setup, implement IClassFixture<T> on your test class. See Note 3 |
[OneTimeTearDown] |
[ClassCleanup] |
IClassFixture<T> |
To get per-class fixture teardown, implement IClassFixture<T> on your test class. See Note 3 |
n/a | n/a | ICollectionFixture<T> |
To get per-collection fixture setup and teardown, implement ICollectionFixture<T> on your test collection. See Note 3 |
[Ignore("reason")] |
[Ignore] |
[Fact(Skip="reason")] |
Set the Skip parameter on the [Fact] attribute to temporarily skip a test. |
[Property] |
[TestProperty] |
[Trait] |
Set arbitrary metadata on a test |
[Theory] |
[DataSource] |
[Theory] [XxxData] |
Theory (data-driven test). See Note 4 |
測試框架大多提供數據驅動測試的支持,簡單的就如開篇中的 Theory
示例,咱們再來看一些稍微複雜一些的示例,一塊兒來看下:
要使用數據驅動的方式寫測試方法,測試方法應該標記爲 Theory
,而且將測試數據做爲測試方法的方法參數
InlineData
最基本數據驅動的方式當屬 InlineData
,添加多個 InlineData
便可使用不一樣的測試數據進行測試
[Theory] [InlineData(1)] [InlineData(2)] [InlineData(3)] public void InlineDataTest(int num) { Assert.True(num > 0); }
InlineData
有其限制,只能使用一些常量,想要更靈活的方式須要使用別的方式,測試結果:
MemberData
MemberData
能夠必定程度上解決 InlineData
存在的問題,MemberData
支持字段、屬性或方法,且須要知足下面兩個條件:
須要是 public
的
須要是 static
的
能夠隱式轉換爲 IEnumerable<object[]>
或者方法返回值能夠隱式轉換爲 IEnumerable<object[]>
來看下面的示例:
[Theory] [MemberData(nameof(TestMemberData))] public void MemberDataPropertyTest(int num) { Assert.True(num > 0); } public static IEnumerable<object[]> TestMemberData => Enumerable.Range(1, 10) .Select(x => new object[] { x }) .ToArray(); [Theory] [MemberData(nameof(TestMemberDataField))] public void MemberDataFieldTest(int num) { Assert.True(num > 0); } public static readonly IList<object[]> TestMemberDataField = Enumerable.Range(1, 10).Select(x => new object[] { x }).ToArray(); [Theory] [MemberData(nameof(TestMemberDataMethod), 10)] public void MemberDataMethodTest(int num) { Assert.True(num > 0); } public static IEnumerable<object[]> TestMemberDataMethod(int count) { return Enumerable.Range(1, count).Select(i => new object[] { i }); }
測試結果:
MemberData
相比之下提供了更大的便利和可自定義程度,只能在當前測試類中使用,想要跨測試類仍是不行,xunit 還提供了 DataAttribute
,使得咱們能夠經過自定義方式實現測試方法數據源,甚至也能夠從數據庫裏動態查詢出數據,寫了一個簡單的示例,能夠參考下面的示例:
自定義數據源:
public class NullOrEmptyStringDataAttribute : DataAttribute { public override IEnumerable<object[]> GetData(MethodInfo testMethod) { yield return new object[] { null }; yield return new object[] { string.Empty }; } }
測試方法:
[Theory] [NullOrEmptyStringData] public void CustomDataAttributeTest(string value) { Assert.True(string.IsNullOrEmpty(value)); }
測試結果:
在測試方法中若是想要輸出一些測試信息,直接是用 Console.Write
/Console.WriteLine
是沒有效果的,在測試方法中輸出須要使用 ITestoutputHelper
來輸出,來看下面的示例:
public class OutputTest { private readonly ITestOutputHelper _outputHelper; public OutputTest(ITestOutputHelper outputHelper) { _outputHelper = outputHelper; } [Fact] public void ConsoleWriteTest() { Console.WriteLine("Console"); } [Fact] public void OutputHelperTest() { _outputHelper.WriteLine("Output"); } }
測試方法中使用 Console.Write
/Console.WriteLine
的時候會有一個提示:
測試輸出結果:
xunit 提供了 BeforeAfterTestAttribute
來讓咱們實現一些自定義的邏輯來在測試運行前和運行後執行,和 mvc 裏的 action filter 很像,因此這裏我把他稱爲 test filter,來看下面的一個示例,改編自 xunit 的示例:
/// <summary> /// Apply this attribute to your test method to replace the /// <see cref="Thread.CurrentThread" /> <see cref="CultureInfo.CurrentCulture" /> and /// <see cref="CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture" /> with another culture. /// </summary> [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class | AttributeTargets.Method)] public class UseCultureAttribute : BeforeAfterTestAttribute { private readonly Lazy<CultureInfo> _culture; private readonly Lazy<CultureInfo> _uiCulture; private CultureInfo _originalCulture; private CultureInfo _originalUiCulture; /// <summary> /// Replaces the culture and UI culture of the current thread with /// <paramref name="culture" /> /// </summary> /// <param name="culture">The name of the culture.</param> /// <remarks> /// <para> /// This constructor overload uses <paramref name="culture" /> for both /// <see cref="Culture" /> and <see cref="UICulture" />. /// </para> /// </remarks> public UseCultureAttribute(string culture) : this(culture, culture) { } /// <summary> /// Replaces the culture and UI culture of the current thread with /// <paramref name="culture" /> and <paramref name="uiCulture" /> /// </summary> /// <param name="culture">The name of the culture.</param> /// <param name="uiCulture">The name of the UI culture.</param> public UseCultureAttribute(string culture, string uiCulture) { _culture = new Lazy<CultureInfo>(() => new CultureInfo(culture, false)); _uiCulture = new Lazy<CultureInfo>(() => new CultureInfo(uiCulture, false)); } /// <summary> /// Gets the culture. /// </summary> public CultureInfo Culture { get { return _culture.Value; } } /// <summary> /// Gets the UI culture. /// </summary> public CultureInfo UICulture { get { return _uiCulture.Value; } } /// <summary> /// Stores the current <see cref="Thread.CurrentPrincipal" /> /// <see cref="CultureInfo.CurrentCulture" /> and <see cref="CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture" /> /// and replaces them with the new cultures defined in the constructor. /// </summary> /// <param name="methodUnderTest">The method under test</param> public override void Before(MethodInfo methodUnderTest) { _originalCulture = Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture; _originalUiCulture = Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture; Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = Culture; Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = UICulture; CultureInfo.CurrentCulture.ClearCachedData(); CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture.ClearCachedData(); } /// <summary> /// Restores the original <see cref="CultureInfo.CurrentCulture" /> and /// <see cref="CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture" /> to <see cref="Thread.CurrentPrincipal" /> /// </summary> /// <param name="methodUnderTest">The method under test</param> public override void After(MethodInfo methodUnderTest) { Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = _originalCulture; Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = _originalUiCulture; CultureInfo.CurrentCulture.ClearCachedData(); CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture.ClearCachedData(); } }
這裏實現了一個設置測試用例運行過程當中 Thread.CurrentThread.Culture
的屬性,測試結束後恢復原始的屬性值,能夠用做於 Class
也能夠用在測試方法中,使用示例以下:
[UseCulture("en-US", "zh-CN")] public class FilterTest { [Fact] [UseCulture("en-US")] public void CultureTest() { Assert.Equal("en-US", Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.Name); } [Fact] [UseCulture("zh-CN")] public void CultureTest2() { Assert.Equal("zh-CN", Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.Name); } [Fact] public void CultureTest3() { Assert.Equal("en-US", Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.Name); Assert.Equal("zh-CN", Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture.Name); } }
測試結果以下:
單元測試類一般共享初始化和清理代碼(一般稱爲「測試上下文」)。 xunit 提供了幾種共享初始化和清理代碼代碼的方法,具體取決於要共享的對象的範圍。
Dispose
方法 (共享初始化和 Dispose,不須要共享對象)一般咱們可使用 Fixture
來實現依賴注入,可是我更推薦使用 Xunit.DependencyInjection
這個項目來實現依賴注入,具體使用能夠參考以前的文章 在 xunit 測試項目中使用依賴注入 中的介紹
但願對你使用 xunit 有所幫助
文章中的示例代碼能夠從 https://github.com/WeihanLi/SamplesInPractice/tree/master/XunitSample 獲取
xunit 還有不少能夠擴展的地方,更多能夠參考 xunit 的示例 https://github.com/xunit/samples.xunit