單元測試(一)

1. 什麼是單元測試

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單元測試（unit testing），是指對軟件中的最小可測試單元進行檢查和驗證。對於單元測試中單元的含義，通常來講，要根據實際狀況去斷定其具體含義，如C語言中單元指一個函數，Java裏單元指一個類，圖形化的軟件中能夠指一個窗口或一個菜單等。總的來講，單元就是人爲規定的最小的被測功能模塊。單元測試是在軟件開發過程當中要進行的最低級別的測試活動，軟件的獨立單元將在與程序的其餘部分相隔離的狀況下進行測試。

參考網址: http://softwaretestingfundamentals.com/unit-testing/

關鍵詞: individual, smallest

2. 單元測試的目的

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單元測試的目的是用來確保程式的邏輯如你預期的方式執行，而並非用來驗證是否符合客戶的需求的！經過單元測試來創建一道堅實的保障，確保代碼在往後的修改中不會被破壞掉。

是否是很失望？單元測試並非用來驗證代碼是否符合需求的。

3. 單元測試的原則

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參考阿里巴巴開發手冊(詳盡版)

4. 經常使用的測試架構:

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• JUnit https://junit.org/
• TestNG https://testng.org/
• Hamcrest http://hamcrest.org/
• Mockito https://site.mockito.org/
• PowerMock https://github.com/powermock/powermock
• EasyMock http://easymock.org/
• Spock http://spockframework.org/

5. JUnit

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5.1 JUnit annotations

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• @Before
• @After
• @BeforeClass
• @AfterClass
• @Ignore
• @RunWith
• @Test

5.2 JUnit asset method

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S.No.    Method      Description  
 1.      void assertEquals(boolean expected,  boolean actual)    It checks whether two values are equals  similar to equals method of Object class  
 2.      void assertFalse(boolean condition)     functionality is to check that a  condition is false.  
 3.      void assertNotNull(Object object)       "assertNotNull" functionality  is to check that an object is not null.  
 4.      void assertNull(Object object)      "assertNull" functionality is  to check that an object is null.  
 5.      void assertTrue(boolean condition)      "assertTrue" functionality is  to check that a condition is true.  
 6.      void fail()     If you want to throw any assertion  error, you have fail() that always results in a fail verdict.  
 7.      void assertSame([String message]    "assertSame" functionality is  to check that the two objects refer to the same object.  
 8.      void assertNotSame([String message]     "assertNotSame" functionality is to check  that the two objects do not refer to the same object.

5.3 JUint編寫單元測試

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@Test(description="mask chinese name")
public void maskChineseName() {
 assertEquals(DesensitizedUtils.maskChinesName(null), null),
 assertEquals(DesensitizedUtils.maskChinesName("張三"), "張*"),
 assertEquals(DesensitizedUtils.maskChinesName("趙錢李"), "趙*李"),
}
@Test(descriptioin="mask email")
public void maskEmail() {
assertEquals(DesensitizedUtils.maskEmail(null), null),
assertEquals(DesensitizedUtils.maskEmail("test@qq.com"), "t***@qq.com"),
}

6. Groovy Spock使用介紹(推介)

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6.1 maven配置

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<dependency>
<groupId>org.codehaus.groovy</groupId>
<artifactId>groovy-all</artifactId>
<version>2.4.15</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.spockframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spock-core</artifactId>
<version>1.0-groovy-2.4</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

6.2 相關的插件

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<build>
<finalName>${project.name}</finalName>
<plugins>
  <plugin>
    <groupId>org.codehaus.gmavenplus</groupId>
    <artifactId>gmavenplus-plugin</artifactId>
    <executions>
      <execution>
        <goals>
          <goal>compile</goal>
        </goals>
      </execution>
    </executions>
  </plugin>

  <plugin>
      <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
      <version>2.20.1</version>
      <configuration>
          <useFile>false</useFile>
          <includes>
              <include>**/*Test.java</include>
              <include>**/*Test.groovy</include>
          </includes>
      </configuration>
  </plugin>

  <plugin>
    <groupId>org.jacoco</groupId>
    <artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId>
  </plugin>
</plugins>
</build>

6.3 Groovy單側結構示例

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6.4 spock單側代碼示例

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import spock.lang.Specification

class GitlabProjectRepoImplTest extends Specification{

  // 申明變量
   GitlabProjectRepo gitlabProjectRepo
// 經過Mock初始化對象, 相似@Resource或者@Autowired建立的實例, 不過是虛擬的
   def gitlabProjectClient = Mock(GitlabProjectClient)
// 相似於咱們JUnit的@Before
   def setup(){
       gitlabProjectRepo = new GitlabProjectRepoImpl(gitlabProjectClient:gitlabProjectClient,githomeProjectClient:githomeProjectClient,ciGitlabProperties:ciGitlabProperties,ciGithomeProperties:ciGithomeProperties,pipelineMapper:pipelineMapper)
  }
// 具體的語法後面會介紹
   def "get GitlabProject By GitUrl success" (){
       given:
       def gitlabProjectDTO = new GitlabProjectDTO()
       gitlabProjectDTO.setName("test")
       def str = "http://www.baidu.com/git/xx"
       def response = new ResponseEntity<List<GitlabProjectDTO>>(new ArrayList<GitlabProjectDTO>(), HttpStatus.ACCEPTED)

       when:
       def result = gitlabProjectRepo.getGitlabProjectByGitUrl(str+".git")

       then:
       1 * gitlabProjectClient.findProjects(_,_,_,_,_) >> response
       result == Optional.EMPTY
  }
}

groovy的語法, 後面的文章咱們會介紹.

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