正則表達式是一種字符模式,用於在查找過程當中匹配製定的字符。 |
元字符一般在Linux中分爲兩類:Shell元字符,由Linux Shell進行解析;
正則表達式元字符,由vi/grep/sed/awk等文本處理工具進行解析;
正則表達式通常以文本行進行處理,在進行下面實例以前,先爲grep命令設置--color參數:linux
class="">$ alias grep='grep --color=auto'
這樣每次過濾出來的字符串都會帶色彩了。正則表達式
在開始以前還須要作一件事情,就是建立一個測試用的re-file文件,內容以下:spring
class="">$ cat re-file I had a lovely time on our little picnic. Lovers were all around us. It is springtime. Oh love, how much I adore you. Do you know the extent of my love? Oh, by the way, I think I lost my gloves somewhere out in that field of clover. Did you see them? I can only hope love. is forever. I live for you. It's hard to get back in the groove.
class="">$ cat linux.txt Linux is a good god assdxw bcvnbvbjk greatttttt wexcvxc operaaaating dhfghfvx gooodfs awrerdxxhkl gdsystem awxxxx glad good
正則表達式元字符工具
特殊的元字符測試
擴展的正則表達式blog
實操字符串
匹配以love開頭的全部行get
class="">$ grep '^love' re-file love, how much I adore you. Do you know
匹配love結尾的全部行it
class="">$ grep 'love$' re-file clover. Did you see them? I can only hope love.
匹配以l開頭,中間包含兩個字符,結尾是e的全部行table
class="">$ grep 'l..e' re-file I had a lovely time on our little picnic. love, how much I adore you. Do you know the extent of my love? Oh, by the way, I think I lost my gloves somewhere out in that field of clover. Did you see them? I can only hope love. is forever. I live for you. It's hard to get back in the
匹配0個或多個空行,後面是love的字符
class="">$ grep ' *love' re-file I had a lovely time on our little picnic. love, how much I adore you. Do you know the extent of my love? Oh, by the way, I think I lost my gloves somewhere out in that field of clover. Did you see them? I can only hope love.
匹配love或Love
class="">$ grep '[Ll]ove' re-file # 對l不區分大小寫 I had a lovely time on our little picnic. Lovers were all around us. It is springtime. Oh love, how much I adore you. Do you know the extent of my love? Oh, by the way, I think I lost my gloves somewhere out in that field of clover. Did you see them? I can only hope love.
匹配A-Z的字母,其次是ove
class="">$ grep '[A-Z]ove' re-file Lovers were all around us. It is springtime. Oh
匹配不在A-Z範圍內的任何字符行,全部的小寫字符
class="">$ grep '[^A-Z]' re-file I had a lovely time on our little picnic. Lovers were all around us. It is springtime. Oh love, how much I adore you. Do you know the extent of my love? Oh, by the way, I think I lost my gloves somewhere out in that field of clover. Did you see them? I can only hope love. is forever. I live for you. It's hard to get back in the groove.
匹配love
class="">$ grep 'love\.' re-file clover. Did you see them? I can only hope love.
匹配空格
class="">$ grep '^$' re-file
匹配任意字符
class="">$ grep '.*' re-file I had a lovely time on our little picnic. Lovers were all around us. It is springtime. Oh love, how much I adore you. Do you know the extent of my love? Oh, by the way, I think I lost my gloves somewhere out in that field of clover. Did you see them? I can only hope love. is forever. I live for you. It's hard to get back in the groove.
前面o字符重複2到4次
class="">$ grep 'o\{2,4\}' re-file groove.
重複o字符至少2次
class="">$ grep 'o\{2,\}' re-file groove.
重複0字符最多2次
class="">$ grep 'o\{,2\}' re-file I had a lovely time on our little picnic. Lovers were all around us. It is springtime. Oh love, how much I adore you. Do you know the extent of my love? Oh, by the way, I think I lost my gloves somewhere out in that field of clover. Did you see them? I can only hope love. is forever. I live for you. It's hard to get back in the groove.
重複前一個字符一個或一個以上
class="">$ egrep "go+d" linux.txt Linux is a good god assdxw bcvnbvbjk gooodfs awrerdxxhkl good #####0個或者一個字符 ansheng@Ubuntu:/tmp$ egrep "go?d" linux.txt god assdxw bcvnbvbjk gdsystem awxxxx
或,查找多個字符串
class="">$ egrep "gd|good" linux.txt Linux is a good gdsystem awxxxx good
分組過濾匹配
class="">$ egrep "g(la|oo)d" linux.txt Linux is a good glad good