ArrayList底層的實現是使用了數組保存全部的數據,全部的操做本質上是對數組的操做,每個ArrayList實例都有一個默認的容量(數組的大小,默認是10),隨着html
對ArrayList不斷增長元素,默認的數組會不斷的向新數組進行拷貝,因爲ArrayList的內部是經過對數組的操做實現的,因此它是線程不安全的java
AyyarList一共提供了三種構造方法: 數組
/** * Constructs an empty list with the specified initial capacity. * * @param initialCapacity the initial capacity of the list * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the specified initial capacity * is negative */ public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) { if (initialCapacity > 0) { this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity]; } else if (initialCapacity == 0) { this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA; } else { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+ initialCapacity); } } /** * Constructs an empty list with an initial capacity of ten. */ public ArrayList() { this.elementData = DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA; } /** * Constructs a list containing the elements of the specified * collection, in the order they are returned by the collection's * iterator. * * @param c the collection whose elements are to be placed into this list * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null */ public ArrayList(Collection<? extends E> c) { elementData = c.toArray(); if ((size = elementData.length) != 0) { // c.toArray might (incorrectly) not return Object[] (see 6260652) if (elementData.getClass() != Object[].class) elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size, Object[].class); } else { // replace with empty array. this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA; } }
在jdk1.8中,ArrayList的無參構造方法默認的是建立了一個空的數組,只有當你第一次添加是時候纔會設置它的默認長度爲10 ,在jdk1.6中無參構造方法默認安全
的就是建立一個長度爲10 的空數組多線程
/** * The array buffer into which the elements of the ArrayList are stored. * The capacity of the ArrayList is the length of this array buffer. Any * empty ArrayList with elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA * will be expanded to DEFAULT_CAPACITY when the first element is added. */ transient Object[] elementData; // non-private to simplify nested class access
關於transient關鍵字的說明能夠參考個人另一篇博客 java學習筆記之對象序列化app
/** * Appends the specified element to the end of this list. * * @param e element to be appended to this list * @return <tt>true</tt> (as specified by {@link Collection#add}) */ public boolean add(E e) { ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!! elementData[size++] = e; return true; }
調用add(E e)方法時首先會調用ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity)去判斷是否須要對集合進行擴容,而後默認的將新插入的對象放到內部數組的末尾,ide
當內部數組須要擴容時,每次直接將數組的長度值原來的兩倍,這種操做的代價是很高的,因此在使用過程當中咱們儘可能避免數組的擴容,當能夠預知數組長度的時候學習
能夠在構造的時候久指定其長度this
/** * Inserts the specified element at the specified position in this * list. Shifts the element currently at that position (if any) and * any subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their indices). * * @param index index at which the specified element is to be inserted * @param element element to be inserted * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc} */ public void add(int index, E element) { rangeCheckForAdd(index); ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!! System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1, size - index); elementData[index] = element; size++; }
在調用add(int index, E element)方法想ArrayList中插入一條數據時,這個方法內部先去判斷傳入的下表是否大於數組的長度。大於的話就會spa
拋出IndexOutOfBoundsException異常,插入的下表小於數組的長度的時候,再去判斷數組是否須要擴容,最後再調用System.arraycopy方法將數組下表大於傳入
的index的元素所有後移覺得,並將插入的元素放到index位置
/** * Appends all of the elements in the specified collection to the end of * this list, in the order that they are returned by the * specified collection's Iterator. The behavior of this operation is * undefined if the specified collection is modified while the operation * is in progress. (This implies that the behavior of this call is * undefined if the specified collection is this list, and this * list is nonempty.) * * @param c collection containing elements to be added to this list * @return <tt>true</tt> if this list changed as a result of the call * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null */ public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) { Object[] a = c.toArray(); int numNew = a.length; ensureCapacityInternal(size + numNew); // Increments modCount System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, size, numNew); size += numNew; return numNew != 0; }
在調用addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) 插入一個集合時,這個方法內部先去判斷增長這個集合數組是否須要擴容,而後調用
arraycopy(Object src, int srcPos,Object dest, int destPos,int length)方法將新增長的集合放到數組的末尾
public E set(int index, E e) { rangeCheck(index); checkForComodification(); E oldValue = ArrayList.this.elementData(offset + index); ArrayList.this.elementData[offset + index] = e; return oldValue; }
在調用set(int index,E e)方法修改裏面的值時,方法內部先去檢查index下表是都超過數組的最大長度,而後再檢查是否有其餘的線程對這個對象的長度
進行修改了(因此是線程不安全的,多線程同時操做容易直接拋異常),最後是直接替換數組中下表index對應的值
/** * Removes the element at the specified position in this list. * Shifts any subsequent elements to the left (subtracts one from their * indices). * * @param index the index of the element to be removed * @return the element that was removed from the list * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc} */ public E remove(int index) { rangeCheck(index); modCount++; E oldValue = elementData(index); int numMoved = size - index - 1; if (numMoved > 0) System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index, numMoved); elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work return oldValue; }
在調用remove(int index)刪除ArrayList中的數據時,首先校驗傳入的下標index是大於數組的長度,而後取出將要被刪除的數並判斷下標index以後是否還有元素,
若是有的話將下標以後的元素所有往前移動一位,並最終將刪除的元素的值返回