kingshard最佳實踐（二）

時間  2020-12-01
標籤 node mysql git github web sql 數據庫 後端 架構 函數 欄目 MySQL 简体版
原文   原文鏈接

上篇主要介紹了kingshard的工做流程、搭建及部分功能測試，今天來測試一下kingshard對sharding的支持node

 

1、kingshard的sharding介紹

1.1  kingshard的sharding優點

如今開源的MySQL Proxy已經有幾款了，而且有的已經在生產環境上普遍應用。但這些proxy在sharding方面，都是不能分子表的。也就是說一個node節點只能分一張表。但咱們的線上需求一般是這樣的：mysql

我有一張很是大的表，行數超過十億，須要進行拆分處理。假設拆分因子是512。 若是採用單node單數據庫的分表方式，那其實這512個子表仍是存在一個物理節點上，意義不大。 若是採用他們的sharding功能，就須要512個物理節點，也不現實。 面對這種需求，現有的proxy就不能很好地知足要求了。一般咱們但願將512張子表均分在幾個MySQL節點上，從而達到系統的橫向擴展。git

然而kingshard較好地實現了這種典型的需求。簡單來講，kingshard的分表方案採用兩級映射的方式：github

1.kingshard將該表分紅512張子表，例如：test_0000,test_0001,...
test_511。
2.將shardKey經過hash或range方式定位到其要操做的記錄在哪張子表上。
3.子表落在哪一個node上經過配置文件設置。

1.2  sharding支持的操做

目前kingshard sharding支持insert, delete, select, update和replace語句, 全部這五類操做都支持跨子表。但寫操做僅支持單node上的跨子表，select操做則能夠跨node，跨子表。web

1.3  sharding方式

1.3.1  range方式

基於整數範圍劃分來獲得子表下標。該方式的優勢：基於範圍的查詢或更新速度快，由於查詢（或更新）的範圍有可能落在同一張子表中。這樣能夠避免所有子表的查詢（更新）。缺點：數據熱點問題。由於在一段時間內整個集羣的寫壓力都會落在一張子表上。此時整個mysql集羣的寫能力受限於單臺mysql server的性能。而且，當正在集中寫的mysql 節點若是宕機的話，整個mysql集羣處於不可寫狀態。基於range方式的分表字段類型受限。sql

1.3.2  hash方式

kingshard採用（shardKey%子表個數）的方式獲得子表下標。優勢：數據分佈均勻，寫壓力會比較平均地落在後端的每一個MySQL節點上，整個集羣的寫性能不會受限於單個MySQL節點。而且當某個分片節點宕機，只會影響到寫入該節點的請求，其餘節點的寫入請求不受影響。分表字段類型不受限。由於任何一個類型的分表字段，均可以經過一個hash函數計算獲得一個整數。缺點：基於範圍的查詢或更新，都須要將請求發送到所有子表，對性能有必定影響。但若是不是基於範圍的查詢或更新，則性能不會受到影響。數據庫

1.3.3  按時間分表

kingshard中的分表字段支持MySQL中三種類型的時間格式後端

  • date類型，格式：YYYY-MM-DD，例如:2016-03-04,注意：2016-3-04，2016-03-4，2016-3-4等格式kingshard都是不支持的。
  • datetime類型，格式：YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS，例如:2016-03-04 13:23:43,注意：2016-3-04 13:23:43，2016-03-4 13:23:43，2016-3-4 13:23:43等格式kingshard都是不支持的，必須嚴格按照規定的格式，kingshard才支持。
  • timestamp類型，整數類型，例如：1457165568，對應的是：2016-3-5 16:12:48

1.4  sharding相關的配置介紹

在配置文件中，有關sharding設置是經過schema設置：架構

schema :
-
   nodes: [node1,node2]
   rules:
       default: node1
       shard:
       -   
           #分表所在的DB
   		         db : kingshard
   		         #分表名字
           table: test_shard_hash
           #sharding key
           key: id
           #子表分佈的節點名字
           nodes: [node1, node2]
           #sharding類型
           type: hash
           #子表個數分佈，表示[test_shard_hash_0000, test_shard_hash_0001, test_shard_hash_0002, test_shard_hash_003]在node1上。
           #[test_shard_hash_0004, test_shard_hash_0005, test_shard_hash_0006, test_shard_hash_007]在node2上
           locations: [4,4]

       -   
           #分表所在的DB
   		         db : kingshard
   		         #分表名字
           table: test_shard_range
           #sharding key
           key: id
           #sharding類型
           type: range
           #子表分佈的節點名字
           nodes: [node1, node2]
           #子表個數分佈，表示[test_shard_range_0000, test_shard_range_0001, test_shard_range_0002, test_shard_range_003]在node1上。
           #[test_shard_range_0004, test_shard_range_0005, test_shard_range_0006, test_shard_range_007]在node2上
           locations: [4,4]
           #每張子表的記錄數。[0,10000)在test_shard_range_0000上，[10000,20000)在test_shard_range_0001上。....
           table_row_limit: 10000

一個kingshard實例只能有一個schemas，從上面的配置能夠看出，schema能夠分爲三個部分：函數

1.db，表示這個schemas使用的數據庫。

2.nodes，表示子表分佈的節點名字。

3.rules，sharding規則。其中rules又能夠分爲兩個部分：
	- default，默認分表規則。全部操做不在shard（default規則下面的規則）中的表的SQL語句都會發向該node。
	- hash，hash分表方式。
	- range，range分表方式

1.5  分表架構圖

2、sharding方式演示

2.1  range分表方式演示

2.1.1  基礎環境準備

分別在三個節點建立測試表：

建表語句：
CREATE TABLE `test_shard_range_0000` (
  `id` bigint(64) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `str` varchar(256) DEFAULT NULL,
  `f` double DEFAULT NULL,
  `e` enum('test1','test2') DEFAULT NULL,
  `u` tinyint(3) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,
  `i` tinyint(4) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

node1：
mysql> show tables;
+-----------------------+
| Tables_in_test        |
+-----------------------+
| test_shard_range_0000 |
| test_shard_range_0001 |
+-----------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

node2：
mysql> show tables;
+-----------------------+
| Tables_in_test        |
+-----------------------+
| test_shard_range_0002 |
| test_shard_range_0003 |
+-----------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

node3：
mysql> show tables;
+-----------------------+
| Tables_in_test        |
+-----------------------+
| test_shard_range_0004 |
| test_shard_range_0005 |
+-----------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

kingshard配置及啓動：

配置文件

addr : 0.0.0.0:7676
user :  tom
password : 123456
web_addr : 0.0.0.0:9797
web_user : admin
web_password : admin
log_path : /home/mysql/3309_kingshard/log/ks.log
log_level : debug
log_sql: on
allow_ips : 127.0.0.1
nodes :
-
    name : node1
    max_conns_limit : 32
    user :  tom
    password : 123456
    master : xxxxxx:3309
    down_after_noalive : 32
-
    name : node2
    max_conns_limit : 32
    user :  tom
    password : 123456
    master : xxxxxxx:3309
    down_after_noalive: 32
-
    name : node3
    max_conns_limit : 32
    user :  tom
    password : 123456
    master : xxxxxxx:3309
    down_after_noalive : 32
schema :
    nodes: [node1,node2,node3]
    default: node1
    shard:
#按hash分表
#    -
#        db : test
#        table: test_shard_hasg
#        key: id
#        nodes: [node1, node2, node3]
#        type: hash
#        locations: [2,2,2]
#
#按range分表
#    -
#        db : test
#        table: test_shard_range
#        key: id
#        type: range
#        nodes: [node1, node2, node3]
#        locations: [2,2,2]
#        table_row_limit: 10
#按year分表
    -
        db : test
        table: test_shard_year
        key: ctime
        nodes: [node1, node2, node3]
        type: date_year
        date_range: [2016,2017,2018]
#    -
#        db : kingshard
#        table: test_shard_month
#        key: dtime
#        type: date_month
#        nodes: [node1,node2]
#        date_range: [201603-201605,201609-201612]
#    -
#        db : kingshard
#        table: test_shard_day
#        key: mtime
#        type: date_day
#        nodes: [node1,node2]
#        date_range: [20160306-20160307,20160308-20160309]

注意：nodes的信息要和表信息還有schema裏面的nodes信息對應，否則分表寫入會有問題

啓動

./bin/kingshard -config=./conf/ks.yaml

2.1.2  測試演示

在kingshard下面操做：
mysql> insert into test_shard_range(id,str,f,e,u,i) values(1,"flike",3.14,'test2',2,3);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into test_shard_range(id,str,f,e,u,i) values(11,"flike",3.14,'test2',2,3);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into test_shard_range(id,str,f,e,u,i) values(21,"flike",3.14,'test2',2,3);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into test_shard_range(id,str,f,e,u,i) values(31,"flike",3.14,'test2',2,3);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into test_shard_range(id,str,f,e,u,i) values(41,"flike",3.14,'test2',2,3);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into test_shard_range(id,str,f,e,u,i) values(51,"flike",3.14,'test2',2,3);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

跨節點查詢：
mysql> select * from test_shard_range;
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
| id | str   | f    | e     | u    | i    |
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
|  1 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |    3 |
| 11 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |    3 |
| 21 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |    3 |
| 31 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |    3 |
| 41 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |    3 |
| 51 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |    3 |
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

跨節點更新：
mysql> select * from test_shard_range;
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
| id | str   | f    | e     | u    | i    |
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
|  1 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |    3 |
| 11 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |    3 |
| 21 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |    3 |
| 22 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |    3 |
| 23 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |    3 |
| 31 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |    3 |
| 32 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |    3 |
| 33 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |    3 |
| 41 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |    3 |
| 51 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |    3 |
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> update test_shard_range set i=100;
Query OK, 10 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from test_shard_range;
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
| id | str   | f    | e     | u    | i    |
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
|  1 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |  100 |
| 11 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |  100 |
| 21 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |  100 |
| 22 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |  100 |
| 23 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |  100 |
| 31 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |  100 |
| 32 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |  100 |
| 33 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |  100 |
| 41 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |  100 |
| 51 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |  100 |
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

跨節點刪除：
mysql> select * from test_shard_range;
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
| id | str   | f    | e     | u    | i    |
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
|  1 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |  100 |
| 11 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |  100 |
| 21 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |  100 |
| 22 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |  100 |
| 23 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |  100 |
| 31 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |  100 |
| 32 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |  100 |
| 33 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |  100 |
| 41 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |  100 |
| 51 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |  100 |
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> delete from test_shard_range where id >11 and id <51;
Query OK, 7 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from test_shard_range;
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
| id | str   | f    | e     | u    | i    |
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
|  1 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |  100 |
| 11 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |  100 |
| 51 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |  100 |
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

對子查詢的支持：（不支持）
mysql> select * from test_shard_range where id in (select u from test_shard_range where id=1);
ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'test.test_shard_range' doesn't exist

在node1下查看：
mysql> select * from test_shard_range_0000;
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
| id | str   | f    | e     | u    | i    |
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
|  1 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |    3 |
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from test_shard_range_0001;
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
| id | str   | f    | e     | u    | i    |
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
| 11 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |    3 |
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

在node2下查看：
mysql> select * from test_shard_range_0002;
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
| id | str   | f    | e     | u    | i    |
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
| 21 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |    3 |
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from test_shard_range_0003;
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
| id | str   | f    | e     | u    | i    |
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
| 31 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |    3 |
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

在node3下查看：
mysql> select * from test_shard_range_0004;
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
| id | str   | f    | e     | u    | i    |
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
| 41 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |    3 |
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from test_shard_range_0005;
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
| id | str   | f    | e     | u    | i    |
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
| 51 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |    3 |
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

結論：range分表更能比較好用，不過不支持子查詢，若是支持子查詢就行了


2.2  hash分表方式演示

插入操做：
mysql> insert into test_shard_range(id,str,f,e,u,i) values(1,"flike",3.14,'test2',2,3);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into test_shard_range(id,str,f,e,u,i) values(2,"flike",3.14,'test2',2,3);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into test_shard_range(id,str,f,e,u,i) values(3,"flike",3.14,'test2',2,3);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into test_shard_range(id,str,f,e,u,i) values(4,"flike",3.14,'test2',2,3);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into test_shard_range(id,str,f,e,u,i) values(5,"flike",3.14,'test2',2,3);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into test_shard_range(id,str,f,e,u,i) values(6,"flike",3.14,'test2',2,3);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into test_shard_range(id,str,f,e,u,i) values(7,"flike",3.14,'test2',2,3);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into test_shard_range(id,str,f,e,u,i) values(8,"flike",3.14,'test2',2,3);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into test_shard_range(id,str,f,e,u,i) values(9,"flike",3.14,'test2',2,3);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

查詢操做：
mysql> select * from test_shard_range;
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
| id | str   | f    | e     | u    | i    |
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
|  6 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |    3 |
|  1 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |    3 |
|  7 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |    3 |
|  2 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |    3 |
|  8 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |    3 |
|  3 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |    3 |
|  9 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |    3 |
|  4 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |    3 |
|  5 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |    3 |
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
9 rows in set (0.01 sec)

更新操做：
mysql> select * from test_shard_range;
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
| id | str   | f    | e     | u    | i    |
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
|  6 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |    3 |
|  1 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |    3 |
|  7 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |    3 |
|  2 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |    3 |
|  8 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |    3 |
|  3 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |    3 |
|  9 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |    3 |
|  4 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |    3 |
|  5 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |    2 |    3 |
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
9 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> update test_shard_range set u=10;
Query OK, 9 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from test_shard_range;
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
| id | str   | f    | e     | u    | i    |
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
|  6 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |   10 |    3 |
|  1 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |   10 |    3 |
|  7 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |   10 |    3 |
|  2 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |   10 |    3 |
|  8 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |   10 |    3 |
|  3 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |   10 |    3 |
|  9 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |   10 |    3 |
|  4 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |   10 |    3 |
|  5 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |   10 |    3 |
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

distinct函數的支持：
mysql> select * from test_shard_range;
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
| id | str   | f    | e     | u    | i    |
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
|  6 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |   10 |    3 |
|  1 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |   10 |    3 |
|  7 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |   10 |    3 |
|  2 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |   10 |    3 |
|  8 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |   10 |    3 |
|  3 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |   10 |    3 |
|  9 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |   10 |    3 |
|  4 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |   10 |    3 |
|  5 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |   10 |    3 |
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select count(distinct id) as tom from test_shard_range;
+-----+
| tom |
+-----+
|   9 |
+-----+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select count(distinct u) as tom from test_shard_range;
+-----+
| tom |
+-----+
|   6 |
+-----+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select count(distinct i) as tom from test_shard_range;
+-----+
| tom |
+-----+
|   6 |
+-----+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

group by的支持：
mysql> select * from test_shard_range where id > 0 group by u limit 1;
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
| id | str   | f    | e     | u    | i    |
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
|  5 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |   10 |    3 |
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from test_shard_range where id > 0 group by u limit 1;
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
| id | str   | f    | e     | u    | i    |
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
|  3 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |   10 |    3 |
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from test_shard_range where id > 0 group by u limit 1;
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
| id | str   | f    | e     | u    | i    |
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
|  1 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |   10 |    3 |
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from test_shard_range where id > 0 group by u limit 1;
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
| id | str   | f    | e     | u    | i    |
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
|  5 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |   10 |    3 |
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

order by的支持：
mysql> select * from test_shard_range where id > 0 order by id;
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
| id | str   | f    | e     | u    | i    |
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
|  1 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |   10 |    3 |
|  2 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |   10 |    3 |
|  3 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |   10 |    3 |
|  4 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |   10 |    3 |
|  5 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |   10 |    3 |
|  6 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |   10 |    3 |
|  7 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |   10 |    3 |
|  8 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |   10 |    3 |
|  9 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |   10 |    3 |
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from test_shard_range where id > 0 order by id limit 5;
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
| id | str   | f    | e     | u    | i    |
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
|  1 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |   10 |    3 |
|  2 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |   10 |    3 |
|  3 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |   10 |    3 |
|  4 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |   10 |    3 |
|  5 | flike | 3.14 | test2 |   10 |    3 |
+----+-------+------+-------+------+------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

注意：

一、當更新的記錄落在不一樣的子表，kingshard會以非事務的方式將更新操做發送到多個node上。

二、不支持distinct函數。

三、跨節點的group by可能每次出來的結果都不同。

2.3  date分表演示

建立測試表：
CREATE TABLE `test_shard_year_2018` (
  `id` int(10) NOT NULL,
  `name` varchar(40) DEFAULT NULL,
  `ctime` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

插入數據：
mysql> insert into test_shard_year(id,name,ctime) values(12,"hello","2016-02-22 13:23:45");
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into test_shard_year(id,name,ctime) values(12,"hello","2017-02-22 13:23:45");
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into test_shard_year(id,name,ctime) values(12,"hello","2018-02-22 13:23:45");
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into test_shard_year(id,name,ctime) values(12,"hello","2019-02-22 13:23:45");
ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'test.test_shard_year_2019' doesn't exist

查看數據：
mysql> select * from test_shard_year;
+----+-------+---------------------+
| id | name  | ctime               |
+----+-------+---------------------+
| 12 | hello | 2016-02-22 13:23:45 |
| 12 | hello | 2017-02-22 13:23:45 |
| 12 | hello | 2018-02-22 13:23:45 |
+----+-------+---------------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> /*node1*/select * from test_shard_year_2016;
+----+-------+---------------------+
| id | name  | ctime               |
+----+-------+---------------------+
| 12 | hello | 2016-02-22 13:23:45 |
+----+-------+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> /*node1*/select * from test_shard_year_2017;
ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'test.test_shard_year_2017' doesn't exist
mysql> /*node2*/select * from test_shard_year_2017;
+----+-------+---------------------+
| id | name  | ctime               |
+----+-------+---------------------+
| 12 | hello | 2017-02-22 13:23:45 |
+----+-------+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> /*node3*/select * from test_shard_year_2018;
+----+-------+---------------------+
| id | name  | ctime               |
+----+-------+---------------------+
| 12 | hello | 2018-02-22 13:23:45 |
+----+-------+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> /*node3*/select * from test_shard_year;
ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'test.test_shard_year' doesn't exist

結論：date分表功能可用。

參考地址：https://github.com/flike/kingshard/

3、kingshard性能測試、優化

https://github.com/flike/kingshard/blob/master/doc/KingDoc/kingshard_performance_test.md

https://github.com/flike/kingshard/blob/master/doc/KingDoc/kingshard_performance_profiling.md

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