MySQL經常使用操做——mysqladmin、鏈接mysql、grant、MyISAM、InnoDB
MySQL經常使用操做
1、設置更改root密碼
開啓mysql服務mysql
[root@ying01 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! [root@ying01 ~]# ps aux|grep mysql root 1645 0.0 0.0 113308 1600 pts/0 S 08:39 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/data/mysql --pid-file=/data/mysql/ying01.pid mysql 1783 13.5 24.1 1300828 453336 pts/0 Sl 08:39 0:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/ying01.err --pid-file=/data/mysql/ying01.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock root 1807 0.0 0.0 112720 980 pts/0 S+ 08:39 0:00 grep --color=auto mysql
啓動mysql命令，須要用絕對路徑，或者配置環境；（mysql -uroot 使用root身份啓動）linux
[root@ying01 ~]# mysql -uroot //直接啓動，找不到mysql命令 -bash: mysql: 未找到命令 [root@ying01 ~]# ls /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql //查看命令路徑 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql [root@ying01 ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot //用絕對路徑啓動，成功啓動 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> quit //quit退出 Bye
把mysql命令的目錄，添加到環境變量中，此時能夠直接用：mysql命令sql
[root@ying01 ~]# echo $PATH //如下爲系統默認的環境變量 /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/tmp/:/root/bin [root@ying01 ~]# [root@ying01 ~]# export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin/ //把mysqld的目錄添加到環境變量 [root@ying01 ~]# echo $PATH /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/tmp/:/root/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin/ [root@ying01 ~]# mysql -uroot //此時直接使用 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> quit Bye
把mysql命令的目錄，添加到環境變量中；只是臨時有效，要永久生效，須要配置文件/etc/profileshell
[root@ying01 ~]# vim /etc/profile export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin/ //在配置文件中，添加此行語句 [root@ying01 ~]# source /etc/profile //加載配置文件 [root@ying01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p //此時就能夠直接使；-P 使用密碼 Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> quit Bye
設置密碼登陸；mysqladmin -uroot password 'www123'數據庫
[root@ying01 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password 'www123' //設置密碼爲 www123 Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@ying01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p //此時使用mysql命令，須要輸入剛纔設置的密碼； Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 5 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> quit Bye
修改密碼： mysqladmin -uroot -p 'www123' password 'www1234' www1234 是修改後的密碼；vim
[root@ying01 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p 'www123' password 'www1234' Enter password: mysqladmin: Unknown command: 'www123' [root@ying01 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p'www123' password 'www1234' Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@ying01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'www1234' Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 8 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> quit Bye
在密碼丟失的狀況下，怎麼進入？bash
第一步：先mysql的主配置文件my.cnf, 新增下面語句服務器
[root@ying01 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] skip-grant //新增語句 datadir=/data/mysql socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
第二步：重啓mysqld服務，就直接能夠以root用戶身份進去：mysql -uroot架構
[root@ying01 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! [root@ying01 ~]# mysql -uroot Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> use mysql;
第三步：使用庫的命令：use mysqlless
mysql> use mysql; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql>
查找用戶的密碼所在表
mysql> select password from user; +-------------------------------------------+ | password | +-------------------------------------------+ | *65753B9F60E54A740174E63A9E5E5F9774637276 | | | | | | | | | | | +-------------------------------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
第四步：修改密碼： update user set password=password('yinglinux') where user='root';
mysql> update user set password=password('yinglinux') where user='root';
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 4 Changed: 4 Warnings: 0
mysql> quit
Bye
第五步：退出mysql庫後，再次編輯先mysql的主配置文件my.cnf；把以前添加的那一行取消；
[root@ying01 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] #skip-grant //把這行取消 datadir=/data/mysql socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
第六步：重啓mysql服務，輸入新的密碼，就完成密碼重置
[root@ying01 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! [root@ying01 ~]# mysql -uroot -pyinglinux Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
2、鏈接MySQL
鏈接mysql的幾種方法：
- 直接鏈接：mysql -uroot -pyinglinux
[root@ying01 ~]# mysql -uroot -pyinglinux Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> quit Bye
- 指定IP，端口鏈接： mysql -uroot -pyinglinux -h127.0.0.1 -P3306
[root@ying01 ~]# mysql -uroot -pyinglinux -h127.0.0.1 -P3306 Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> quit Bye
- 經過sock鏈接：mysql -uroot -pyinglinux -S/tmp/mysql.sock
[root@ying01 ~]# ps aux |grep mysql //先查看sock root 4813 0.0 0.0 113308 1632 pts/0 S 15:55 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/data/mysql --pid-file=/data/mysql/ying01.pid mysql 4951 0.3 24.3 1366628 455836 pts/0 Sl 15:55 0:01 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/ying01.err --pid-file=/data/mysql/ying01.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock root 5039 0.0 0.0 112720 980 pts/0 S+ 16:01 0:00 grep --color=auto mysql [root@ying01 ~]# mysql -uroot -pyinglinux -S/tmp/mysql.sock Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> quit Bye
- shell腳本里面使用：mysql -uroot -pyinglinux -e "show databases"
[root@ying01 ~]# mysql -uroot -pyinglinux -e "show databases" Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ [root@ying01 ~]#
3、 MySQL經常使用命令
- 顯示當前庫；
mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 切換到某個數據庫
mysql> use mysql; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed
- 顯示當前庫的全部的數據表
mysql> show tables; +---------------------------+ | Tables_in_mysql | +---------------------------+ | columns_priv | | db | | event | | func | | general_log | | help_category | | help_keyword | | help_relation | | help_topic | | innodb_index_stats | | innodb_table_stats | | ndb_binlog_index | | plugin | | proc | | procs_priv | | proxies_priv | | servers | | slave_master_info | | slave_relay_log_info | | slave_worker_info | | slow_log | | tables_priv | | time_zone | | time_zone_leap_second | | time_zone_name | | time_zone_transition | | time_zone_transition_type | | user | +---------------------------+ 28 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
- 查看字段
mysql> desc db;
+-----------------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Host | char(60) | NO | PRI | | |
| Db | char(64) | NO | PRI | | |
| User | char(16) | NO | PRI | | |
| Select_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Insert_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Update_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Delete_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Drop_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Grant_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| References_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Index_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Alter_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_tmp_table_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Lock_tables_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_view_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Show_view_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_routine_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Alter_routine_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Execute_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Event_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Trigger_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
+-----------------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
22 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 查看建表語句並列出，命令後加\G
mysql> show create table user\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: user
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `user` (
`Host` char(60) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`User` char(16) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`Password` char(41) CHARACTER SET latin1 COLLATE latin1_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`Select_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Insert_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Update_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
......
`x509_subject` blob NOT NULL,
`max_questions` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`max_updates` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`max_connections` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`max_user_connections` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`plugin` char(64) COLLATE utf8_bin DEFAULT 'mysql_native_password',
`authentication_string` text COLLATE utf8_bin,
`password_expired` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
PRIMARY KEY (`Host`,`User`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin COMMENT='Users and global privileges'
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
- 查看當前是哪一個用戶
mysql> select user(); +----------------+ | user() | +----------------+ | root@localhost | +----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> quit Bye
- 查看在mysql下，使用的命令歷史
[root@ying01 ~]# less .mysql_history _HiStOrY_V2_ use\040mysql; select\040*\040from\040user; show\040databases show\040databases; use\040mysql; show\040tables; desc\040db; show\040create\040table\040user\134G; select\040user(); .mysql_history (END)
- 查看當前所使用的數據庫
mysql> select database(); +------------+ | database() | +------------+ | NULL | +------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> use mysql; //切換到mysql庫下 Database changed mysql> select database(); +------------+ | database() | +------------+ | mysql | +------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- 建立一個新庫
mysql> create database db1; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> use db1; //切換到表明db1庫 Database changed
- 建立一個新表
mysql> create table t1(`id` int(4), `name` char(40)); //建立一個新建表
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
mysql> show create table t1\G; //顯示新建立的表
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: t1
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t1` (
`id` int(4) DEFAULT NULL,
`name` char(40) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 //注意和下面對比
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
- 刪除一個表；
mysql> drop table t1; //清空此表 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
- 在建表的同時，還能夠指定 ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
mysql> create table t1(`id` int(4), `name` char(40)) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.27 sec)
mysql> show create table t1\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: t1
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t1` (
`id` int(4) DEFAULT NULL,
`name` char(40) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 //注意此處CHARSET值的變化，與上面
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
- 查看數據庫的版本
mysql> select version(); +-----------+ | version() | +-----------+ | 5.6.36 | +-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- 查看MySQL的當前狀態
mysql> show status; +-----------------------------------------------+-------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-----------------------------------------------+-------------+ | Aborted_clients | 0 | | Aborted_connects | 2 | | Binlog_cache_disk_use | 0 | | Binlog_cache_use | 0 | | Binlog_stmt_cache_disk_use | 0 | | Binlog_stmt_cache_use | 0 | | Bytes_received | 1234 | | Bytes_sent | 21089 | | Com_admin_commands | 0 |
- 查看MySQL的參數
其中不少參數都是能夠在/etc/my.cnf中定義，部分參數可在線編輯
mysql> show variables;
- 模糊查找某參數
mysql> show variables like 'max_connect%'; +--------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------+-------+ | max_connect_errors | 100 | | max_connections | 151 | +--------------------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show variables like 'slow%'; +---------------------+-----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------------+-----------------------------+ | slow_launch_time | 2 | | slow_query_log | OFF | | slow_query_log_file | /data/mysql/ying01-slow.log | +---------------------+-----------------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 修改某項參數：set global max_connect_errors=1000;
mysql> set global max_connect_errors=1000; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show variables like 'max_connect_errors'; //查找修改後的參數，此時已經改變 +--------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------+-------+ | max_connect_errors | 1000 | +--------------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- 查看當前MySQL服務器隊列
mysql> show processlist; +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+ | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+ | 10 | root | localhost | db1 | Query | 0 | init | show processlist | +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show full processlist; +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+ | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+ | 10 | root | localhost | db1 | Query | 0 | init | show full processlist | +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+ mysql>
4、 MySQL用戶管理
4.1 建立用戶及登陸
建立一個普通用戶user1，並受權；
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'user1'@'127.0.0.1' identified by '123456a'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> grant all on *.* to 'user1'@'%' identified by '123456a'; //百分號%代替主機IP Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> quit Bye
以上語句釋義：
- all表示全部的權限（如讀、寫、查詢、刪除等操做）；建立user用戶並授予其全部權限.
- 第一個星號：表示全部數據庫，第二個星號：表示全部表；好比：mysql.table
- 這裏的user1特指localhost上的user1，用戶和主機的IP之間有一個@符號
- identified by ：設定密碼，用單引號括起來。
此時能夠使用user1用戶身份，並使用密碼：123456a登陸mysql，可是不可以登陸；
[root@ying01 ~]# mysql -uuser1 -p123456a Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'user1'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
只能加上參數-h：mysql -uuser1 -p123456a -h127.0.0.1
[root@ying01 ~]# mysql -uuser1 -p123456a -h127.0.0.1 Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 12 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> quit Bye
那麼不使用IP，登陸mysql，那就須要把IP，改成localhost；
進入 root用戶下， 把IP 改成 localhost
[root@ying01 ~]# mysql -uroot -pyinglinux Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 15 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> grant all on *.* to 'user1'@'localhost' identified by '123456a'; //把IP改成localhost Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> quit Bye
此時user1用戶，不須要指定IP登陸；
[root@ying01 ~]# mysql -uuser1 -p123456a Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 16 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> exit Bye
4.2 用戶受權
進入root用戶下，查看當前用戶受權
[root@ying01 ~]# mysql -uroot -pyinglinux mysql> show grants; //顯示當前的用戶受權 +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Grants for root@localhost | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*FB4553CE81F8C9590097E0CDB81FC48EC19A6169' WITH GRANT OPTION | | GRANT PROXY ON ''@'' TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
查看user1用戶受權
mysql> show grants for user1@'127.0.0.1'; //顯示user1用戶受權 +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Grants for user1@127.0.0.1 | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'user1'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*B012E8731FF1DF44F3D8B26837708985278C3CED' | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
在建立一個用戶user2，並查看其受權；
mysql> grant SELECT,UPDATE,INSERT on db1.* to 'user2'@'192.168.112.1' identified ed by 'passwd'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show grants for user2@'192.168.112.1'; +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Grants for user2@192.168.112.1 | +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'user2'@'192.168.112.1' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*59C70DA2F3E3A5BDF46B68F5C8B8F25762BCCEF0' | | GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE ON `db1`.* TO 'user2'@'192.168.112.1' | +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
給不一樣IP作同一個用戶的受權，同一密碼
mysql> grant SELECT,UPDATE,INSERT on db1.* to 'user2'@'192.168.112.2' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*59C70DA2F3E3A5BDF46B68F5C8B8F25762BCCEF0'; //此處的密碼位上面IP112.1的密碼 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show grants for user2@'192.168.112.2'; //查看此IP受權狀況 +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Grants for user2@192.168.112.2 | +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'user2'@'192.168.112.2' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*FB4553CE81F8C9590097E0CDB81FC48EC19A6169' | | GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE ON `db1`.* TO 'user2'@'192.168.112.2' | +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
5、經常使用sql語句
- 查詢mysql庫中user表的行數：select count(*) from mysql.user
mysql> use db1; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> select count(*) from mysql.user; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 11 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- 查詢mysql庫中db表的全部內容 ：select * from mysql.db\G
mysql> select * from mysql.db\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Host: %
Db: test
User:
Select_priv: Y
Insert_priv: Y
Update_priv: Y
Delete_priv: Y
Create_priv: Y
Drop_priv: Y
Grant_priv: N
References_priv: Y
Index_priv: Y
Alter_priv: Y
Create_tmp_table_priv: Y
Lock_tables_priv: Y
Create_view_priv: Y
Show_view_priv: Y
Create_routine_priv: Y
Alter_routine_priv: N
Execute_priv: N
Event_priv: Y
Trigger_priv: Y
*************************** 2. row ***************************
Host: %
Db: test\_%
User:
Select_priv: Y
Insert_priv: Y
Update_priv: Y
Delete_priv: Y
Create_priv: Y
Drop_priv: Y
Grant_priv: N
References_priv: Y
Index_priv: Y
Alter_priv: Y
Create_tmp_table_priv: Y
Lock_tables_priv: Y
Create_view_priv: Y
Show_view_priv: Y
Create_routine_priv: Y
Alter_routine_priv: N
Execute_priv: N
Event_priv: Y
Trigger_priv: Y
*************************** 3. row ***************************
Host: 192.168.112.1
Db: db1
User: user2
Select_priv: Y
Insert_priv: Y
Update_priv: Y
Delete_priv: N
Create_priv: N
Drop_priv: N
Grant_priv: N
References_priv: N
Index_priv: N
Alter_priv: N
Create_tmp_table_priv: N
Lock_tables_priv: N
Create_view_priv: N
Show_view_priv: N
Create_routine_priv: N
Alter_routine_priv: N
Execute_priv: N
Event_priv: N
Trigger_priv: N
*************************** 4. row ***************************
Host: 192.168.112.2
Db: db1
User: user2
Select_priv: Y
Insert_priv: Y
Update_priv: Y
Delete_priv: N
Create_priv: N
Drop_priv: N
Grant_priv: N
References_priv: N
Index_priv: N
Alter_priv: N
Create_tmp_table_priv: N
Lock_tables_priv: N
Create_view_priv: N
Show_view_priv: N
Create_routine_priv: N
Alter_routine_priv: N
Execute_priv: N
Event_priv: N
Trigger_priv: N
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
select語句在數據庫和表中對應的引擎不同，其計算統計時間也不一樣，不建議多使用
MyISAM 引擎
mysql> use mysql Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> show create table user\G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Table: user Create Table: CREATE TABLE `user` ( `Host` char(60) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '', .....省略 `password_expired` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N', PRIMARY KEY (`Host`,`User`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin COMMENT='Users and global privileges' 1 row in set (0.00 sec) ERROR: No query specifiedInnoDB 引擎
mysql> use db1 Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> show create table t1; +-------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Table | Create Table | +-------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | t1 | CREATE TABLE `t1` ( `id` int(4) DEFAULT NULL, `name` char(40) DEFAULT NULL ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 | +-------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- 查詢單個字段或者多個字段
mysql> select db from mysql.db; //查找db庫 +---------+ | db | +---------+ | test | | test\_% | | db1 | | db1 | +---------+ 4 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql> select db,user from mysql.db; //查找db庫和user項 +---------+-------+ | db | user | +---------+-------+ | test | | | test\_% | | | db1 | user2 | | db1 | user2 | +---------+-------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 使用萬能匹配符%，和like進行模糊匹配查詢
mysql> select * from mysql.db where host like '192.168.%'\G; //IP模糊處理
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Host: 192.168.112.1
Db: db1
User: user2
Select_priv: Y
Insert_priv: Y
Update_priv: Y
Delete_priv: N
Create_priv: N
Drop_priv: N
Grant_priv: N
References_priv: N
Index_priv: N
Alter_priv: N
Create_tmp_table_priv: N
Lock_tables_priv: N
Create_view_priv: N
Show_view_priv: N
Create_routine_priv: N
Alter_routine_priv: N
Execute_priv: N
Event_priv: N
Trigger_priv: N
*************************** 2. row ***************************
Host: 192.168.112.2
Db: db1
User: user2
Select_priv: Y
Insert_priv: Y
Update_priv: Y
Delete_priv: N
Create_priv: N
Drop_priv: N
Grant_priv: N
References_priv: N
Index_priv: N
Alter_priv: N
Create_tmp_table_priv: N
Lock_tables_priv: N
Create_view_priv: N
Show_view_priv: N
Create_routine_priv: N
Alter_routine_priv: N
Execute_priv: N
Event_priv: N
Trigger_priv: N
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
- MySQL中插入數據
mysql> desc db1.t1; +-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | id | int(4) | YES | | NULL | | | name | char(40) | YES | | NULL | | +-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from db1.t1; //db1.t1的內容爲空 Empty set (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into db1.t1 values (1,'abc'); //在db1庫,t1表中插入：id爲1,name爲abc的值 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> select * from db1.t1; +------+------+ | id | name | +------+------+ | 1 | abc | +------+------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into db1.t1 values (1,123); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from db1.t1; +------+------+ | id | name | +------+------+ | 1 | abc | | 1 | 123 | +------+------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
更改表的某一行： update db1.t1 set name='aaa' where id=1;
mysql> update db1.t1 set name='aaa' where id=1; //在db1庫,t1表中,把全部id=1，其name設置爲aaa Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 2 Changed: 2 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from db1.t1; //查看db1庫,t1表內容 +------+------+ | id | name | +------+------+ | 1 | aaa | | 1 | aaa | +------+------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> update db1.t1 set id=5 where name='aaa'; Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 2 Changed: 2 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from db1.t1; +------+------+ | id | name | +------+------+ | 5 | aaa | | 5 | aaa | +------+------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 刪除數據
用delete刪除表內某些數據；
mysql> delete from db1.t1 where id=5; //在db1庫,t1表中，刪除id=5的數據 Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from db1.t1; //查看錶，此時表清空 Empty set (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into db1.t1 values (1,123); //在設置一個新表 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from db1.t1; //裏面已經寫了數據 +------+------+ | id | name | +------+------+ | 1 | 123 | +------+------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
用truncate，直接清空表內數據；
mysql> truncate db1.t1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec) mysql> select * from db1.t1; //清空數據 Empty set (0.00 sec) mysql> desc db1.t1; //查看錶架構 +-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | id | int(4) | YES | | NULL | | | name | char(40) | YES | | NULL | | +-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- drop命令，直接刪除表以及庫的架構，此命令慎用；
mysql> drop table t1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> select * from db1.t1; //此時已經報錯，表已經不存在 ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'db1.t1' doesn't exist mysql> desc db1.t1; ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'db1.t1' doesn't exist mysql> drop database db1; //刪除db1 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql>
6、MySQL數據庫備份恢復
6.1 備份庫和恢復庫
備份數據庫，並把其放到指定目錄
[root@ying01 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pyinglinux mysql > /tmp/mysqlbak.sql Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. mysqldump: Got error: 1146: Table 'mysql.slave_worker_info' doesn't exist when using LOCK TABLES
此時出現錯誤：mysqldump: Got error: 1146: Table 'mysql.slave_worker_info' doesn't exist when using LOCK TABLES
slave_worker_info 不存在；
那麼 先找到 slave_relay_log_info 相關文件；
在 ls /data/mysql/mysql/目錄下查看；
發現兩個 slave_relay_log_info相關文件，把slave_relay_log_info.frm 刪除或者移走；
[root@ying01 ~]# mv /data/mysql/mysql/slave_worker_info.frm /root/NBA/ [root@ying01 ~]# ls /data/mysql/mysql/slave_worker_info.frm ls: 沒法訪問/data/mysql/mysql/slave_worker_info.frm: 沒有那個文件或目錄
再備份一次；
[root@ying01 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pyinglinux mysql > /tmp/mysqlbak.sql Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@ying01 ~]#
注意：問題已經解決，可是緣由，還須要解析，分析；先暫時，放下；
建立表mysql2數據庫
[root@ying01 ~]# mysql -uroot -pyinglinux -e "create database mysql2" Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
把mysqlbak.sql數據反定向於mysql2
[root@ying01 ~]# mysql -uroot -pyinglinux mysql2 < /tmp/mysqlbak.sql //注意不是mysqldump Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
進入mysql2數據庫下
[root@ying01 ~]# mysql -uroot -pyinglinux mysql2 Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 27 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> select database(); //查看當前數據庫 +------------+ | database() | +------------+ | mysql2 | +------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show tables; //查看數據庫下數據表 +---------------------------+ | Tables_in_mysql2 | +---------------------------+ | columns_priv | | db | | event | | func | | general_log | | help_category | | help_keyword | | help_relation | | help_topic | | innodb_index_stats | | innodb_table_stats | | ndb_binlog_index | | plugin | | proc | | procs_priv | | proxies_priv | | servers | | slave_master_info | | slave_relay_log_info | | slow_log | | tables_priv | | time_zone | | time_zone_leap_second | | time_zone_name | | time_zone_transition | | time_zone_transition_type | | user | +---------------------------+ 27 rows in set (0.00 sec)
更換到數據庫mysql下，發現數據表和mysql2下的表同樣；
mysql> use mysql Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> show tables; +---------------------------+ | Tables_in_mysql | +---------------------------+ | columns_priv | | db | | event | | func | | general_log | | help_category | | help_keyword | | help_relation | | help_topic | | innodb_index_stats | | innodb_table_stats | | ndb_binlog_index | | plugin | | proc | | procs_priv | | proxies_priv | | servers | | slave_master_info | | slave_relay_log_info | | slow_log | | tables_priv | | time_zone | | time_zone_leap_second | | time_zone_name | | time_zone_transition | | time_zone_transition_type | | user | +---------------------------+ 27 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> quit Bye
6.2 備份表和恢復表
[root@ying01 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pyinglinux mysql user > /tmp/user.sql //先備份,用mysqldump Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@ying01 ~]# mysql -uroot -pyinglinux mysql2 < /tmp/user.sql //再取出，注意不是mysqldump Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
6.3 備份全部庫
[root@ying01 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pyinglinux -A > /tmp/mysql_all.sql //-A，表示所有備份 Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@ying01 ~]# less /tmp/mysql_all.sql
6.4 備份表結構
[root@ying01 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pyinglinux -d mysql2 > /tmp/mysql2.sql //使用-d選項 Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@ying01 ~]# less /tmp/mysql2.sql
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