1.TypeScript-Basic
2.TypeScript interface
3.Typescript-module(1)
4.TypeScript Modules(2)
5.Typescript tsconfig
6.TypeScript Functions
7.Typescript Classjavascript
模塊化開發是咱們組織代碼或團隊開發最重要的一課。你想一想,以一個相似於processon的在線畫圖系統爲例。若是UML節點的繪製,Canvas畫布的操做,鼠標事件,快捷鍵事件,各類約束條件的加入,這麼一個上萬行的文件,打開文件要2分鐘,找一行代碼都得3分鐘,還怎麼維護?若是我想加一個變量,本身鐘意的變量名和前人的衝突,最後只能委屈的用了一個不合適的名稱,代碼愈來愈難看懂,整夜整夜加班。html
以一個例子說明,在網頁中常常須要檢驗用戶的輸入是否合法,咱們寫了一個簡單的字符串校驗器。java
var lettersRegexp = /^[A-Za-z]+$/; var numberRegexp = /^[0-9]+$/; interface StringValidator { isAcceptable(s: string): boolean; } class LettersOnlyValidator implements StringValidator { isAcceptable(s: string) { return lettersRegexp.test(s); } } class ZipCodeValidator implements StringValidator { isAcceptable(s: string) { return s.length === 5 && numberRegexp.test(s); } }
解決之道模塊化chrome
解決問題: 劃分命名空間typescript
namespace Validation { export interface StringValidator { isAcceptable(s: string): boolean; } var lettersRegexp = /^[A-Za-z]+$/; var numberRegexp = /^[0-9]+$/; export class LettersOnlyValidator implements StringValidator { isAcceptable(s: string) { return lettersRegexp.test(s); } } export class ZipCodeValidator implements StringValidator { isAcceptable(s: string) { return s.length === 5 && numberRegexp.test(s); } } } // Some samples to try var strings = ['Hello', '98052', '101']; // Validators to use var validators: { [s: string]: Validation.StringValidator; } = {}; validators['ZIP code'] = new Validation.ZipCodeValidator(); validators['Letters only'] = new Validation.LettersOnlyValidator(); // Show whether each string passed each validator strings.forEach(s => { for (var name in validators) { console.log('"' + s + '" ' + (validators[name].isAcceptable(s) ? ' matches ' : ' does not match ') + name); } });
咱們把跟類型校驗相關的全部聲明或變量放到一個叫作Validation的命名空間(這裏使用的是namespace Validation ,也可使用module Validation,推薦使用前者-namespace)。segmentfault
namespace至關於一個封閉的module,如何使用裏面的聲明或變量呢?export關鍵字可使interface,class等在外部可見。而變量lettersRegexp
和numberRegexp
外部不可見。模塊化
namespace Validation { export interface StringValidator { isAcceptable(s: string): boolean; } var lettersRegexp = /^[A-Za-z]+$/; var numberRegexp = /^[0-9]+$/; export class LettersOnlyValidator implements StringValidator { isAcceptable(s: string) { return lettersRegexp.test(s); } } export class ZipCodeValidator implements StringValidator { isAcceptable(s: string) { return s.length === 5 && numberRegexp.test(s); } } } // Some samples to try var strings = ['Hello', '98052', '101']; // Validators to use var validators: { [s: string]: Validation.StringValidator; } = {}; validators['ZIP code'] = new Validation.ZipCodeValidator(); validators['Letters only'] = new Validation.LettersOnlyValidator(); // Show whether each string passed each validator strings.forEach(s => { for (var name in validators) { console.log('"' + s + '" ' + (validators[name].isAcceptable(s) ? ' matches ' : ' does not match ') + name); } });
ok,咱們劃分了多個命名空間,如今能夠安心的使用變量名,不用擔憂和別人衝突了。可是上萬行的代碼怎麼分割成多個文件呢?(util工具函數一個文件,業務代碼一個文件,多清楚!)函數
Validation.ts工具
namespace Validation { export interface StringValidator { isAcceptable(s: string): boolean; } }
LettersOnlyValidator.tsspa
/// <reference path="Validation.ts" /> namespace Validation { var lettersRegexp = /^[A-Za-z]+$/; export class LettersOnlyValidator implements StringValidator { isAcceptable(s: string) { return lettersRegexp.test(s); } } }
ZipCodeValidator.ts
/// <reference path="Validation.ts" /> namespace Validation { var numberRegexp = /^[0-9]+$/; export class ZipCodeValidator implements StringValidator { isAcceptable(s: string) { return s.length === 5 && numberRegexp.test(s); } } }
Test.ts
/// <reference path="Validation.ts" /> /// <reference path="LettersOnlyValidator.ts" /> /// <reference path="ZipCodeValidator.ts" /> // Some samples to try var strings = ['Hello', '98052', '101']; // Validators to use var validators: { [s: string]: Validation.StringValidator; } = {}; validators['ZIP code'] = new Validation.ZipCodeValidator(); validators['Letters only'] = new Validation.LettersOnlyValidator(); // Show whether each string passed each validator strings.forEach(s => { for (var name in validators) { console.log('"' + s + '" ' + (validators[name].isAcceptable(s) ? ' matches ' : ' does not match ') + name); } });
注意
<reference path="Validation.ts" />若是沒有這句,你就沒法引用Validation.ts文件中聲明的class.好啦,我知道語法很奇葩,不過也有好處啊!
一行命令編譯好tsc --out sample.js Test.ts
編譯器根據Test.ts中聲明的reference,順序地導入並編譯成一個文件sample.js
有時候若是你有特殊需求,比方說不想合併這些文件,致使sample.js太長,在chrome developer tools中調試時,跳的太遠。你能夠分別編譯,而後再html中引入
<script src="Validation.js" type="text/javascript" /> <script src="LettersOnlyValidator.js" type="text/javascript" /> <script src="ZipCodeValidator.js" type="text/javascript" /> <script src="Test.js" type="text/javascript" />