參考《Professional Android 4 Development》android
經過下面這幾種方式能夠給應用程序添加搜索功能:app
首先,要在res./xml目錄下建立一個xml文件,例如:ide
<?xml version=」1.0」 encoding=」utf-8」?> <searchable xmlns:android=」http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android」 android:label=」@string/app_name」 android:hint=」@string/search_hint」> </searchable>
其中,Label通常是應用程序的名稱。ui
Search Activity和普通的Activity不一樣,它是一直在back stack的棧頂,每次有新的search activity建立時,不會有將其簡單的入棧,由於用戶是不會但願按返回鍵時返回本身前面的查詢結果。爲了代表該Activity能夠被搜索,須要將android.intent.action.SEARCH加入到本身的Intent Filter中,同時須要將前面建立的searchable的xml文件加到meta-data標籤中:this
<activity android:name=」.DatabaseSkeletonSearchActivity」 android:label=」Element Search」 android:launchMode=」singleTop」> <intent-filter> <action android:name=」android.intent.action.SEARCH」 /> <category android:name=」android.intent.category.DEFAULT」 /> </intent-filter> <meta-data android:name=」android.app.searchable」 android:resource=」@xml/searchable」 /> </activity>
用戶進行搜索後,能夠在搜索結果中繼續搜索,而這種操做會生成新的Intent,而這些Intent能夠經過onNewIntent handler來處理:spa
@Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); // Get the launch Intent parseIntent(getIntent()); } @Override protected void onNewIntent(Intent intent) { super.onNewIntent(intent); parseIntent(getIntent()); } private void parseIntent(Intent intent) { // If the Activity was started to service a Search request, extract the search query. if (Intent.ACTION_SEARCH.equals(intent.getAction())) { String searchQuery = intent.getStringExtra(SearchManager.QUERY); // Perform the search performSearch(searchQuery); } }
在應用程序中,最好設置一個Activity,讓全部的搜索結果都從這個Activity中出來,設置方法也簡單,將下面的配置加到程序配置中就能夠了:.net
<meta-data android:name=」android.app.default_searchable」 android:value=」.DatabaseSkeletonSearchActivity」 />
import android.app.ListActivity; import android.app.LoaderManager; import android.app.SearchManager; import android.content.ContentUris; import android.content.CursorLoader; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.Loader; import android.database.Cursor; import android.net.Uri; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.View; import android.widget.ListView; import android.widget.SimpleCursorAdapter; public class DatabaseSkeletonSearchActivity extends ListActivity implements LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks<Cursor> { private static String QUERY_EXTRA_KEY = 「QUERY_EXTRA_KEY」; private SimpleCursorAdapter adapter; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); // Create a new adapter and bind it to the List View adapter = new SimpleCursorAdapter(this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, null, new String[] { MyContentProvider.KEY_COLUMN_1_NAME }, new int[] { android.R.id.text1 }, 0); setListAdapter(adapter); // Initiate the Cursor Loader getLoaderManager().initLoader(0, null, this); // Get the launch Intent parseIntent(getIntent()); } @Override protected void onNewIntent(Intent intent) { super.onNewIntent(intent); parseIntent(getIntent()); } private void parseIntent(Intent intent) { // If the Activity was started to service a Search request, extract the search query. if (Intent.ACTION_SEARCH.equals(intent.getAction())) { String searchQuery = intent.getStringExtra(SearchManager.QUERY); // Perform the search performSearch(searchQuery); } } // Execute the search. private void performSearch(String query) { // Pass the search query as an argument to the Cursor Loader Bundle args = new Bundle(); args.putString(QUERY_EXTRA_KEY, query); // Restart the Cursor Loader to execute the new query. getLoaderManager().restartLoader(0, args, this); } public Loader<Cursor> onCreateLoader(int id, Bundle args) { String query = 「0」; // Extract the search query from the arguments. if (args != null) query = args.getString(QUERY_EXTRA_KEY); // Construct the new query in the form of a Cursor Loader. String[] projection = {MyContentProvider.KEY_ID, MyContentProvider.KEY_COLUMN_1_NAME}; String where = MyContentProvider.KEY_COLUMN_1_NAME + 「 LIKE \」%」 + query + 「%\」」; String[] whereArgs = null; String sortOrder = MyContentProvider.KEY_COLUMN_1_NAME + 「 COLLATE LOCALIZED ASC」; // Create the new Cursor loader. return new CursorLoader(this, MyContentProvider.CONTENT_URI, projection, where, whereArgs, sortOrder); } public void onLoadFinished(Loader<Cursor> loader, Cursor cursor) { // Replace the result Cursor displayed by the Cursor Adapter with the new result set. adapter.swapCursor(cursor); } public void onLoaderReset(Loader<Cursor> loader) { // Remove the existing result Cursor from the List Adapter. adapter.swapCursor(null); } }
大部分狀況下,咱們須要響應對搜索結果的click事件,所以須要重寫onListItemClick方法:rest
@Override protected void onListItemClick(ListView listView, View view, int position, long id) { super.onListItemClick(listView, view, position, id); // Create a URI to the selected item. Uri selectedUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(MyContentProvider.CONTENT_URI, id); // Create an Intent to view the selected item. Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW); intent.setData(selectedUri); // Start an Activity to view the selected item. startActivity(intent); }
Android 3.0後推出了Search View Widget以替代Search Activity。將Search View綁定到searchable activity中,首先要獲取searchableInfo:code
// Use the Search Manager to find the SearchableInfo related to this Activity. SearchManager searchManager = (SearchManager)getSystemService(Context.SEARCH_SERVICE); SearchableInfo searchableInfo = searchManager.getSearchableInfo(getComponentName()); // Bind the Activity’s SearchableInfo to the Search View SearchView searchView = (SearchView)findViewById(R.id.searchView); searchView.setSearchableInfo(searchableInfo);
Android中提供了一些本地的Content Provider,包括下面這些:orm
MediaStore類有Audio,Video和Image子類,這些子類又有含有uri信息的子類。每一個子類中uri信息是這麼存儲的:
下面是一個示例:
// Get a Cursor over every piece of audio on the external volume, // extracting the song title and album name. String[] projection = new String[] { MediaStore.Audio.AudioColumns.ALBUM, MediaStore.Audio.AudioColumns.TITLE }; Uri contentUri = MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI; Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(contentUri, projection, null, null, null); // Get the index of the columns we need. int albumIdx = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Audio.AudioColumns.ALBUM); int titleIdx = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Audio.AudioColumns.TITLE); // Create an array to store the result set. String[] result = new String[cursor.getCount()]; // Iterate over the Cursor, extracting each album name and song title. while (cursor.moveToNext()) { // Extract the song title. String title = cursor.getString(titleIdx); // Extract the album name. String album = cursor.getString(albumIdx); result[cursor.getPosition()] = title + 「 (「 + album + 「)」; } // Close the Cursor. cursor.close();
Contacts Contract Provider使用三層模型存儲數據: