隨着「中興事件」不斷升級,引發了國人對國產自主可控技術的高度關注;本人做爲所在單位的運維工程師,也但願能找到一個穩定、能兼容國產CPU的一整套架構方案,來構建IaaS平臺和PaaS平臺,知足單位對安全自主可控的需求。要基於全國產方式解決公司業務需求至少要在軟硬件層面知足,而國內基本都是基於x86解決方案,想找到知足需求的國產化解決方案仍是很是困難的事情。但筆者因爲一個偶然的機會,接觸到了國產的芯片廠商和雲計算廠商,並得知他們已經實現了全國產化的雲計算平臺,筆者也親自動手體驗了安裝部署該雲計算平臺,並在其之上安裝部署了容器平臺。上篇我給你們分享了國產CPU的服務器華芯通和國產雲平臺ZStack試用體驗,接下來將爲你們詳細分享如何基於ZStack雲主機構建K8S集羣。node
這裏要提一下,爲何咱們不直接使用物理ARM服務器部署K8S集羣,這跟單位測試場景有關係,既要使用雲主機透傳GPU計算卡進行大量的計算,又要實現容器管理平臺。何況國外主流的K8S集羣一般是跑在虛擬機裏面的,運行在虛擬機裏面的好處有不少,好比能夠實現資源定製分配、利用雲平臺API接口能夠快速生成K8S集羣Node節點、更好的靈活性以及可靠性;在ZStack ARM雲平臺上能夠同時構建IaaS+PaaS混合平臺,知足不一樣場景下的需求。linux
因爲篇幅有限下面先介紹一下如何在基於ZStack For ARM平臺中雲主機部署K8S集羣,整個部署過程大概花1小時(這主要是訪問部分國外網絡時不是很順暢)。git
集羣環境介紹: github
在本環境中用於構建K8S集羣所需的資源,爲基於ZStack構建的平臺上的雲主機:golang
ZStack雲主機K8S集羣架構docker
1、準備工做express
配置主機名apache
hostnamectl set-hostname K8S-Master hostnamectl set-hostname K8S-Node1 hostnamectl set-hostname K8S-Node2 hostnamectl set-hostname K8S-Node3
全部雲主機上關閉swap分區 不然會報錯;該操做只需在雲主機環境下執行,物理機環境無需操做。json
sudo swapoff -a
step 1: 安裝必要的一些系統工具ubuntu
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get -y install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common
step 2: 安裝GPG證書
curl -fsSL http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
Step 3: 寫入軟件源信息
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=arm64] http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
Step 4: 更新並安裝 Docker-CE
sudo apt-get -y update sudo apt-get -y install docker-ce
使用daocloud對docker鏡像下載進行加速
curl -sSL https://get.daocloud.io/daotools/set_mirror.sh | sh -s http://56d10455.m.daocloud.io
2.2安裝go環境
apt-get install golang- golang
apt-get update && apt-get install -y apt-transport-https curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | apt-key add - cat <<EOF >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list deb http://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main EOF apt-get update apt-get install -y kubectl kubeadm kubectl
初始化Master kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address 172.120.194.196 --pod-network-cidr 10.244.0.0/16 執行完上面命令後,若是中途不報錯會出現相似如下信息: kubeadm join 172.120.194.196:6443 --token oyf6ns.whcoaprs0q7growa --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:30a459df1b799673ca87f9dcc776f25b9839a8ab4b787968e05edfb6efe6a9d2 這段信息主要是提示如何註冊其餘節點到K8S集羣。
Kubectl是管理K8S集羣的命令行工具,所以須要對kubectl運行環境進行配置。 su - zstack sudo mkdir -p $HOME/.kube sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config echo "source <(kubectl completion bash)" >> ~/.bash
爲了讓K8S集羣的Pod之間可以正常通信,必須安裝Pod網絡,Pod網絡能夠支持多種網絡方案,當前測試環境採用Flannel模式。 先將Flannel的yaml文件下載到本地,進行編輯,編輯的主要目的是將原來X86架構的鏡像名稱,改成ARM架構的。讓其可以在ZStack ARM雲環境正常運行。修改位置及內容參考下面文件中紅色粗體字部分。 sudo wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml vim kube-flannel.yml --- kind: ClusterRole apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 metadata: name: flannel rules: - apiGroups: - "" resources: - pods verbs: - get - apiGroups: - "" resources: - nodes verbs: - list - watch - apiGroups: - "" resources: - nodes/status verbs: - patch --- kind: ClusterRoleBinding apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 metadata: name: flannel roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: ClusterRole name: flannel subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: flannel namespace: kube-system --- apiVersion: v1 kind: ServiceAccount metadata: name: flannel namespace: kube-system --- kind: ConfigMap apiVersion: v1 metadata: name: kube-flannel-cfg namespace: kube-system labels: tier: node app: flannel data: cni-conf.json: | { "name": "cbr0", "plugins": [ { "type": "flannel", "delegate": { "hairpinMode": true, "isDefaultGateway": true } }, { "type": "portmap", "capabilities": { "portMappings": true } } ] } net-conf.json: | { "Network": "10.244.0.0/16", "Backend": { "Type": "vxlan" } } --- apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 kind: DaemonSet metadata: name: kube-flannel-ds namespace: kube-system labels: tier: node app: flannel spec: template: metadata: labels: tier: node app: flannel spec: hostNetwork: true nodeSelector: beta.kubernetes.io/arch: arm64 tolerations: - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master operator: Exists effect: NoSchedule serviceAccountName: flannel initContainers: - name: install-cni image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.10.0-arm64 command: - cp args: - -f - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist volumeMounts: - name: cni mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d - name: flannel-cfg mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/ containers: - name: kube-flannel image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.10.0-arm64 command: - /opt/bin/flanneld args: - --ip-masq - --kube-subnet-mgr resources: requests: cpu: "100m" memory: "50Mi" limits: cpu: "100m" memory: "50Mi" securityContext: privileged: true env: - name: POD_NAME valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.name - name: POD_NAMESPACE valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.namespace volumeMounts: - name: run mountPath: /run - name: flannel-cfg mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/ volumes: - name: run hostPath: path: /run - name: cni hostPath: path: /etc/cni/net.d - name: flannel-cfg configMap: name: kube-flannel-cfg sudo kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml 執行上面命令後會正常狀況下會有以下輸出: clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io "flannel" created clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io "flannel" created serviceaccount "flannel" created configmap "kube-flannel-cfg" created daemonset.extensions "kube-flannel-ds" created
分別在K8S-Node一、K8S-Node二、K8S-Node3
kubeadm join 172.120.194.196:6443 --token oyf6ns.whcoaprs0q7growa --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:30a459df1b799673ca87f9dcc776f25b9839a8ab4b787968e05edfb6efe6a9d2
kubectl get nodes 查看節點狀態
zstack@K8S-Master:~$ kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master Ready master 49m v1.11.0
k8s-node1 NotReady 4m v1.11.0
k8s-node2 NotReady 4m v1.11.0
k8s-node3 NotReady 4m v1.11.0
若是發現全部節點是NotReady 是因每一個節點都須要啓動若干個組件,這些組件都是在Pod中運行,且須要到Google下載鏡像。使用下面命令查看Pod運行情況:
kubectl get pod --all-namespaces 正常狀況應該是以下的狀態: NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE kube-system coredns-78fcdf6894-49tkw 1/1 Running 0 1h kube-system coredns-78fcdf6894-gmcph 1/1 Running 0 1h kube-system etcd-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 19m kube-system kube-apiserver-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 19m kube-system kube-controller-manager-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 19m kube-system kube-flannel-ds-bqx2s 1/1 Running 0 16m kube-system kube-flannel-ds-jgmjp 1/1 Running 0 16m kube-system kube-flannel-ds-mxpl8 1/1 Running 0 21m kube-system kube-flannel-ds-sd6lh 1/1 Running 0 16m kube-system kube-proxy-cwslw 1/1 Running 0 16m kube-system kube-proxy-j75fj 1/1 Running 0 1h kube-system kube-proxy-ptn55 1/1 Running 0 16m kube-system kube-proxy-zl8mb 1/1 Running 0 16m kube-system kube-scheduler-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 19m 在整個過程當中若是發現狀態爲Pending、ContainerCreateing、ImagePullBackOff等狀態都表示Pod還未就緒,只有Running狀態纔是正常的。要作的事情只有等待。
kubectl get nodes 再次查看節點狀態
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master Ready master 1h v1.11.0
k8s-node1 Ready 16m v1.11.0
k8s-node2 Ready 16m v1.11.0
k8s-node3 Ready 16m v1.11.0
當全部節點均爲 Ready狀時,此時就可使用這個集羣了
克隆kubernetes-dashboard yaml文件
sudo git clone https://github.com/gh-Devin/kubernetes-dashboard.git
修改kubernetes-dashboard yaml文件,修改內容爲下面紅色粗體部分。
cd kubernetes-dashboard/ vim kubernetes-dashboard.yaml # Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. # Configuration to deploy release version of the Dashboard UI compatible with # Kubernetes 1.8. # # Example usage: kubectl create -f <this_file> # ------------------- Dashboard Secret ------------------- # apiVersion: v1 kind: Secret metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs namespace: kube-system type: Opaque --- # ------------------- Dashboard Service Account ------------------- # apiVersion: v1 kind: ServiceAccount metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kube-system --- # ------------------- Dashboard Role & Role Binding ------------------- # kind: Role apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 metadata: name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal namespace: kube-system rules: # Allow Dashboard to create 'kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder' secret. - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["secrets"] verbs: ["create"] # Allow Dashboard to create 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map. - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["configmaps"] verbs: ["create"] # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets. - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["secrets"] resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs"] verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"] # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map. - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["configmaps"] resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"] verbs: ["get", "update"] # Allow Dashboard to get metrics from heapster. - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["services"] resourceNames: ["heapster"] verbs: ["proxy"] - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["services/proxy"] resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:"] verbs: ["get"] --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: RoleBinding metadata: name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal namespace: kube-system roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: Role name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kube-system --- # ------------------- Dashboard Deployment ------------------- # kind: Deployment apiVersion: apps/v1beta2 metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kube-system spec: replicas: 1 revisionHistoryLimit: 10 selector: matchLabels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard template: metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard spec: serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard containers: - name: kubernetes-dashboard image: k8s.gcr.io/kubernetes-dashboard-arm64:v1.8.3 ports: - containerPort: 9090 protocol: TCP args: #- --auto-generate-certificates # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work. volumeMounts: - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs mountPath: /certs # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs - mountPath: /tmp name: tmp-volume livenessProbe: httpGet: scheme: HTTP path: / port: 9090 initialDelaySeconds: 30 timeoutSeconds: 30 volumes: - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs secret: secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs - name: tmp-volume emptyDir: {} serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard-admin # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master tolerations: - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master effect: NoSchedule --- # ------------------- Dashboard Service ------------------- # kind: Service apiVersion: v1 metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kube-system spec: ports: - port: 9090 targetPort: 9090 selector: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard # ------------------------------------------------------------ kind: Service apiVersion: v1 metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard-external namespace: kube-system spec: ports: - port: 9090 targetPort: 9090 nodePort: 30090 type: NodePort selector: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard 修改完成後執行 kubectl -n kube-system create -f . 執行命令的正常輸出: serviceaccount "kubernetes-dashboard-admin" created clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io "kubernetes-dashboard-admin" created secret "kubernetes-dashboard-certs" created serviceaccount "kubernetes-dashboard" created role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io "kubernetes-dashboard-minimal" created rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io "kubernetes-dashboard-minimal" created deployment.apps "kubernetes-dashboard" created service "kubernetes-dashboard-external" created 而後查看kubernetes-dashboard Pod的狀態 kubectl get pod --all-namespaces NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE kube-system kubernetes-dashboard-66885dcb6f-v6qfm 1/1 Running 0 8m 當狀態爲running 時執行下面命令 查看端口 kubectl --namespace=kube-system describe svc kubernetes-dashboard Name: kubernetes-dashboard-external Namespace: kube-system Labels: k8s-app=kubernetes-dashboard Annotations: <none> Selector: k8s-app=kubernetes-dashboard Type: NodePort IP: 10.111.189.106 Port: <unset> 9090/TCP TargetPort: 9090/TCP NodePort: <unset> 30090/TCP 此端口爲外部訪問端口 Endpoints: 10.244.2.4:9090 Session Affinity: None External Traffic Policy: Cluster Events: <none>
注意:若是在部署K8S-Dashboard界面過程當中若是則登陸UI的時候會報錯:
這是由於K8S在1.6版本之後啓用了RBAC訪問控制策略,可使用kubectl或Kubernetes API進行配置。使用RBAC能夠直接受權給用戶,讓用戶擁有受權管理的權限,這樣就再也不須要直接觸碰Master Node。按照上面部署步驟則能夠避免。
至此,基於ARM環境的K8S集羣就部署完成了。
先說說關於ZStack安裝部署的一些心得,整個ZStack For ARM平臺部署到業務環境構建的過程,都是比較流暢的。ZStack產品化程度高,安裝過程很是簡單,基本上按照官方部署文檔1個小時內就能完成3臺規模的雲平臺搭建及平臺初始化工做。
ZStack雲平臺採用獨特的異步架構,大大提高了平臺響應能力,使得批量併發操做再也不成爲煩惱;管理層面與業務層面獨立,不會由於管理節點意外宕機致使業務中斷;平臺內置大量實用性很高的功能,極大方便了在測試過程當中運維任務;版本升級簡單可靠,徹底實現5分鐘跨版本無縫升級,經實測升級過程當中徹底不影響業務正常運行。經過升級後能實現異構集羣管理,也就是說在ARM服務器上構建管理節點,能夠同時管理ARM集羣中的資源,也能管理X86架構集羣中的資源;同時實現高級SDN功能。
而基於ZStack雲主機構建K8S集羣時,咱們團隊在選擇方案的時候,也拿物理機和雲主機作過一系列對比,對比以後發現當我用ZStack雲主機部署K8S集羣的時候更加靈活、可控。具體的能夠在如下幾個方面體現:
一、ZStack雲主機天生隔離性好
對容器技術瞭解的人應該清楚,多個容器公用一個Host Kernel;這樣就會遇到隔離性方面的問題,雖然隨着技術發展,目前也可使用Linux系統上的防禦機制實現安全隔離,可是從某個層面講並非徹底隔離,而云主機方式受益於虛擬化技術,天生就有很是好的隔離性,從而能夠進一步保障安全。ZStack就是基於KVM虛擬化技術架構自研。
二、受益於ZStack雲平臺多租戶
在物理服務器上運行的大堆容器要實現資源自理,所謂資源自理就是各自管理本身的容器資源,那麼這個時候問題就來了,一臺物理機上有成千上萬個容器怎麼去細分管理範圍呢?這個時候雲平臺的多租戶管理就派上用處了,每一個租戶被分配到相應的雲主機,各自管理各自的雲主機以及容器集羣。同時還能對不一樣人員權限進行控制管理。在本次測試的ZStack For ARM雲平臺,就能夠實現按企業組織架構方式進行資源、權限管理,同時還能實現流程審批,審批完成後自動建立所需的雲主機;聽說後面發佈的ZStack2.5.0版本還有資源編排功能。
3.ZStack雲平臺靈活性、自動化程度高
經過ZStack,能夠根據業務需求,對雲主機進行資源定製,減小資源浪費。同時根據自身業務狀況調整架構實現模式,好比:有計算密集型業務,此時能夠藉助GPU透傳功能,將GPU透傳到雲主機,能快速實現計算任務,避免過多繁瑣配置。
另外目前各類雲平臺都有相應API接口,能夠方便第三方應用直接調用,從而實現根據業務壓力自動進行資源伸縮。可是對於物理服務器來講沒什麼完整的API接口,基本上都是基於IPMI方式進行管理,並且每一個廠商的IPMI還不通用,很難實現資源的動態伸縮。說到API接口,我瞭解到的ZStack雲平臺,具有全API接口開放的特色。可使容器集羣根據業務壓力自動伸縮。
四、可靠性很是好
爲何這麼說呢?其實不難理解,計劃內和計劃外業務影響少。當咱們對物理服務器進行計劃內維護時,那些單容器運行的業務一定會受影響,此時能夠藉助雲平臺中的熱遷移功能,遷移的過程當中可實現業務不中斷。對於計劃外停機,對業務影響基本上都是按天算的,損失不可言表。若是採用雲平臺方式業務中斷時間將會縮短到分鐘級別。
上面簡單分享了一下用雲主機構建K8S集羣的一些優勢,固然也有一些缺點,在我看來缺點無非就是性能有稍微點損失,總之利大於弊。能夠在規劃時規避掉這個問題,好比能夠將性能型容器資源集中放到物理Node上,這樣就能夠完美解決了。
最後再說說在ZStack ARM架構的雲主機上部署K8S須要注意的地方,爲你們提供一些參考。
一、默認Get下來的yaml配置文件,裏面涉及的image路徑都是x86架構的amd64,須要將其改爲arm64。
二、在建立集羣的時候,若是採用flannel網絡模式則--pod-network-cidr必定要爲 10.244.0.0/16,不然Pod網可能不通。
三、雲主機環境必定要執行sudo swapoff -a 否則建立K8S集羣的時候就會報錯。
以上就是我本次的主要分享內容,歡迎你們關注交流。(qq:410185063;mail:zts@viczhu.com)。