Redis哨兵

1、Redis哨兵概述

主從切換技術的方法是:當主服務器宕機後,須要手動把一臺從服務器切換爲主服務器,這就須要人工干預,費事費力,還會形成一段時間內服務不可用。這不是一種推薦的方式,更多時候,咱們優先考慮哨兵模式javascript

一、什麼是哨兵

哨兵模式是一種特殊的模式,首先Redis提供了哨兵的命令,哨兵是一個獨立的進程,做爲進程,它會獨立運行。其原理是哨兵經過發送命令,等待Redis服務器響應,從而監控運行的多個Redis實例。java

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二、哨兵的做用

這裏的哨兵有兩個做用linux

  • 經過發送命令,讓Redis服務器返回監控其運行狀態,包括主服務器和從服務器。redis

  • 當哨兵監測到master宕機,會自動將slave切換成master,而後經過發佈訂閱模式通知其餘的從服務器,修改配置文件,讓它們切換主機。服務器

然而一個哨兵進程對Redis服務器進行監控,可能會出現問題,爲此,咱們可使用多個哨兵進行監控。各個哨兵之間還會進行監控,這樣就造成了多哨兵模式。網絡

用文字描述一下故障切換(failover)的過程。假設主服務器宕機,哨兵1先檢測到這個結果,系統並不會立刻進行failover過程,僅僅是哨兵1主觀的認爲主服務器不可用,這個現象成爲主觀下線。當後面的哨兵也檢測到主服務器不可用,而且數量達到必定值時,那麼哨兵之間就會進行一次投票,投票的結果由一個哨兵發起,進行failover操做。切換成功後,就會經過發佈訂閱模式,讓各個哨兵把本身監控的從服務器實現切換主機,這個過程稱爲客觀下線。這樣對於客戶端而言,一切都是透明的。app

二、前期準備

配置3個哨兵和1主2從的Redis服務器來演示這個過程。socket

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特別注意:使用Redis哨兵模式,最少須要3個節點(一主多從結構)async

2、Redis主從複製搭建

一、配置master

① 配置mastertcp

# Accept connections on the specified port, default is 6379 (IANA #815344).
# If port 0 is specified Redis will not listen on a TCP socket.
port 6379

② 修改pidfile

# If a pid file is specified, Redis writes it where specified at startup
# and removes it at exit.
#
# When the server runs non daemonized, no pid file is created if none is
# specified in the configuration. When the server is daemonized, the pid file
# is used even if not specified, defaulting to "/var/run/redis.pid".
#
# Creating a pid file is best effort: if Redis is not able to create it
# nothing bad happens, the server will start and run normally.
pidfile /var/run/redis_6379.pid

pidfile 是咱們啓動redis 的時候,linux 爲咱們分配的一個pid 進程號,若是這裏不做修改,會影響後面redis服務的啓動

③ 啓動 redis

[root@yunwei ~] # redis-server redis.conf
進入redis:
redis-cli -p 6379
127.0.0.1:6379> info
...
# Replication
role:master
connected_slaves:0
master_repl_offset:0
repl_backlog_active:0
repl_backlog_size:1048576
repl_backlog_first_byte_offset:0
repl_backlog_histlen:0
...

咱們能夠看到,redis 如今的角色是一個master 啓動的服務。

二、配置slave

和上面配置 master同樣,咱們須要修改端口號和pid 文件,在修改完以後,咱們有兩種方法配置從服務。

① 在配置文件中配置從服務

################################# REPLICATION #################################

# Master-Slave replication. Use slaveof to make a Redis instance a copy of
# another Redis server. A few things to understand ASAP about Redis replication.
#
# 1) Redis replication is asynchronous, but you can configure a master to
#    stop accepting writes if it appears to be not connected with at least
#    a given number of slaves.
# 2) Redis slaves are able to perform a partial resynchronization with the
#    master if the replication link is lost for a relatively small amount of
#    time. You may want to configure the replication backlog size (see the next
#    sections of this file) with a sensible value depending on your needs.
# 3) Replication is automatic and does not need user intervention. After a
#    network partition slaves automatically try to reconnect to masters
#    and resynchronize with them.
#
# slaveof <masterip> <masterport>
slaveof 127.0.0.1 6379

咱們能夠在配置文件中直接修改 slaveof 屬性,咱們直接配置主服務器的IP地址和端口號,若是這裏主服務器有配置密碼。

能夠經過配置masterauth 來設置連接密碼:

# If the master is password protected (using the "requirepass" configuration
# directive below) it is possible to tell the slave to authenticate before
# starting the replication synchronization process, otherwise the master will
# refuse the slave request.
#
# masterauth <master-password>

② 啓動redis 服務:

[root@yunwei ~] # redis-server redis.conf
進入redis:
redis-cli -p 6379

使用==info命令==,查看一下slave主機的狀態:

# Replication
role:slave
master_host:127.0.0.1
master_port:6379
master_link_status:up
master_last_io_seconds_ago:1
master_sync_in_progress:0
slave_repl_offset:71
slave_priority:100
slave_read_only:1
connected_slaves:0
master_repl_offset:0
repl_backlog_active:0
repl_backlog_size:1048576
repl_backlog_first_byte_offset:0
repl_backlog_histlen:0

咱們能夠看到,如今的redis 是一個從服務的角色,鏈接着6379的服務。接下來咱們再來看一下目前master 的狀態:

# Replication
role:master
connected_slaves:2
slave0:ip=192.168.11.129,port=6379,state=online,offset=785,lag=0
slave1:ip=192.168.11.130,port=6379,state=online,offset=785,lag=0
master_repl_offset:785
repl_backlog_active:1
repl_backlog_size:1048576
repl_backlog_first_byte_offset:2
repl_backlog_histlen:784

 咱們若是須要設置讀寫分離,只須要在主服務器中設置:

# Note: read only slaves are not designed to be exposed to untrusted clients
# on the internet. It's just a protection layer against misuse of the instance.
# Still a read only slave exports by default all the administrative commands
# such as CONFIG, DEBUG, and so forth. To a limited extent you can improve
# security of read only slaves using 'rename-command' to shadow all the
# administrative / dangerous commands.
slave-read-only yes

☆ 常見問題

Redis01/Redis02/Redis03 => redis.conf

bind 0.0.0.0
...
protected-mode no	=>  哨兵必須配置protected-mode,外部網絡鏈接redis服務
3、Sentinel哨兵

一、配置Sentinel端口

在sentinel.conf 配置文件中, 咱們能夠找到port 屬性,這裏是用來設置sentinel 的端口,通常狀況下,至少會須要三個哨兵對 redis 進行監控。

# port <sentinel-port>
# The port that this sentinel instance will run on
port 26379

二、配置主服務器的IP和端口

在slave從服務器上,咱們把須要設置主服務器的IP和端口,而且加上權值爲2,這裏的權值,是用來計算咱們須要將哪一臺服務器升級升主服務器。

# sentinel monitor <master-name> <ip> <redis-port> <quorum>
#
# Tells Sentinel to monitor this master, and to consider it in O_DOWN
# (Objectively Down) state only if at least <quorum> sentinels agree.
#
# Note that whatever is the ODOWN quorum, a Sentinel will require to
# be elected by the majority of the known Sentinels in order to
# start a failover, so no failover can be performed in minority.
#
# Slaves are auto-discovered, so you don't need to specify slaves in
# any way. Sentinel itself will rewrite this configuration file adding
# the slaves using additional configuration options.
# Also note that the configuration file is rewritten when a
# slave is promoted to master.
#
# Note: master name should not include special characters or spaces.
# The valid charset is A-z 0-9 and the three characters ".-_".
sentinel monitor mymaster 192.168.11.128 6379 2

三、啓動全部的Sentinel

[root@yunwei ~] # redis-sentinel sentinel.conf

☆ 常見問題

sentinel 啓動以後,就會監視到如今有一個主服務器,兩個從服務器。

redis-sentinel啓動警告問題:WARNING: The TCP backlog setting of 511 cannot be enforced because /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn is set to the lower value of 128.

翻譯:對一個高負載的環境來講tcp設置128這個值,過小了。

解決方案:

echo 511 > /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn

命令就把這個問題解決了。可是這個只是暫時的。若是想要永久解決,打開/etc/sysctl.conf,在這裏面添net.core.somaxconn=1024 而後執行sysctl -p 就能夠永久消除這個warning

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四、手工關閉master

咱們手動關閉Master 以後,sentinel 在監聽master 確實是斷線了以後,將會開始計算權值,而後從新分配主服務器。

128799:X 29 May 12:08:35.657# +failover-end master mymaster 192.168.11.128 6379
128799:X 29 May 12:08:35.657# +switch-master mymaster 192.168.11.128 6379 192.168.11.130 6379

五、重連master

你們可能會好奇,若是master 重連以後,會不會搶回屬於他的位置,答案是否認的,就好比你被一個小弟搶了你老大的位置,他肯給回你這個位置嗎。所以當master回來以後,他也只能當個小弟。 

六、Sentinel總結

① Master 狀態監測

② 若是Master 異常,則會進行Master-slave 轉換,將其中一個Slave做爲Master,將以前的Master做爲Slave

③ Master-Slave切換後,master_redis.conf、slave_redis.conf和sentinel.conf的內容都會發生改變,即master_redis.conf中會多一行slaveof的配置,sentinel.conf的監控目標會隨之調換

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