Nginx源碼研究三:Epoll在NGINX中的使用

     Web服務器在面對高併發的狀況下,網絡的IO通常選擇IO複用,像apache選擇的Select/poll。Nginx在linux 2.6後選擇Epoll作網路IO,提升了WEB服務的併發能力。linux

在本章,咱們將看看NGINX如何使用epoll。apache

首先,咱們看一下數據結構圖:數組

 

 

一、從結構圖中,咱們先看第一部分,NGINX拿到socket標示符,綁定本地地址,監聽socket標示符信息,因爲NGINX支持多server,支持各個server使用不一樣的端口、不一樣的協議族。如此須要多個socket句柄來支持,NGINX利用ngx_listening_t這個數據結構來保存打開的socket信息而且放置在一個數組裏面。這個過程是在初始化cycle中完成的。服務器

 

二、關於socket句柄,咱們區分兩類,一類是上一部分說的服務端申請的socket,這一部分socket處理和客戶端鏈接的狀況,若是有新的鏈接進來,將會產生關於這一批socket的事件;第二類,是鏈接創建後,服務端accept客戶端的socket句柄,針對這個句柄,服務端作讀和寫的操做。網絡

 

 

 

咱們再看一下下圖繪製的一個處理流程。數據結構

 

 

咱們再經過代碼來看看整個過程併發

分析配置文件,申請socket fdsocket

 

二、處理事件模塊的初始化高併發

static ngx_int_t
ngx_event_process_init(ngx_cycle_t *cycle)
{
    .......
    
    //對全部NGX_EVENT_MODULE模塊執行module->actions.init
    for (m = 0; ngx_modules[m]; m++) {
        if (ngx_modules[m]->type != NGX_EVENT_MODULE) {
            continue;
        }

        if (ngx_modules[m]->ctx_index != ecf->use) {
            continue;
        }

        module = ngx_modules[m]->ctx;

        if (module->actions.init(cycle, ngx_timer_resolution) != NGX_OK) {
            /* fatal */
            exit(2);
        }

        break;
    }

    ......
    
    cycle->connections =
        ngx_alloc(sizeof(ngx_connection_t) * cycle->connection_n, cycle->log);
    if (cycle->connections == NULL) {
        return NGX_ERROR;
    }

    c = cycle->connections;

    cycle->read_events = ngx_alloc(sizeof(ngx_event_t) * cycle->connection_n,
                                   cycle->log);
    if (cycle->read_events == NULL) {
        return NGX_ERROR;
    }

    rev = cycle->read_events;
    for (i = 0; i < cycle->connection_n; i++) {
        rev[i].closed = 1;
        rev[i].instance = 1;
#if (NGX_THREADS)
        rev[i].lock = &c[i].lock;
        rev[i].own_lock = &c[i].lock;
#endif
    }

    cycle->write_events = ngx_alloc(sizeof(ngx_event_t) * cycle->connection_n,
                                    cycle->log);
    if (cycle->write_events == NULL) {
        return NGX_ERROR;
    }

    wev = cycle->write_events;
    for (i = 0; i < cycle->connection_n; i++) {
        wev[i].closed = 1;
#if (NGX_THREADS)
        wev[i].lock = &c[i].lock;
        wev[i].own_lock = &c[i].lock;
#endif
    }

    i = cycle->connection_n;
    next = NULL;

    do {
        i--;

        c[i].data = next;
        c[i].read = &cycle->read_events[i];
        c[i].write = &cycle->write_events[i];
        c[i].fd = (ngx_socket_t) -1;

        next = &c[i];

#if (NGX_THREADS)
        c[i].lock = 0;
#endif
    } while (i);

    cycle->free_connections = next;
    cycle->free_connection_n = cycle->connection_n;

    /* for each listening socket */

    ls = cycle->listening.elts;
    for (i = 0; i < cycle->listening.nelts; i++) {

        //獲取空餘鏈接,將服務端申請的每一個socket fd佔用一個鏈接,
        c = ngx_get_connection(ls[i].fd, cycle->log);

        ......
        rev->handler = ngx_event_accept;

        if (ngx_use_accept_mutex) {
            continue;
        }

        if (ngx_event_flags & NGX_USE_RTSIG_EVENT) {
            if (ngx_add_conn(c) == NGX_ERROR) {
                return NGX_ERROR;
            }

        } else {
            //若是使用epoll模塊,則在epoll上註冊讀事件,操做類型是EPOLL_CTL_ADD,也就是關注服務端申請的socket fd是否有新鏈接申請
            if (ngx_add_event(rev, NGX_READ_EVENT, 0) == NGX_ERROR) {
                return NGX_ERROR;
            }
        }

    }

    return NGX_OK;
}

 

三、  EPOLL在發現新事件後,會查找處理該事件的方法,實際上先查找對應的鏈接,該鏈接指針是以下方式,利用epoll_event結構體成員data的ptr指針能夠用來存儲用戶的鏈接信息,咱們在看看後面是怎麼處理的ui

static ngx_int_t
ngx_epoll_add_event(ngx_event_t *ev, ngx_int_t event, ngx_uint_t flags)
{
    .......
    //epoll_event結構體成員data的ptr指針能夠用來存儲用戶的指針信息,這裏用來存儲鏈接信息,其中事件的instance標識主要用來顯示事件是否過時
    
    ee.events = events | (uint32_t) flags;
    ee.data.ptr = (void *) ((uintptr_t) c | ev->instance); //把instance加到ee的末尾(因爲內存對齊,末尾通常爲0)

…….

    if (epoll_ctl(ep, op, c->fd, &ee) == -1) {
        ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, ev->log, ngx_errno,
                      "epoll_ctl(%d, %d) failed", op, c->fd);
        return NGX_ERROR;
    }
    .......

    return NGX_OK;
}

 

四、

static void
ngx_worker_process_cycle(ngx_cycle_t *cycle, void *data)
{
    ......

    ngx_worker_process_init(cycle, worker);

    ......

    for ( ;; ) {

        ......
        ngx_process_events_and_timers(cycle);
        ......
    }
}

 

五、

void
ngx_process_events_and_timers(ngx_cycle_t *cycle)
{
    ......
    (void) ngx_process_events(cycle, timer, flags);
    ......
 
}
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