reference:https://vsupalov.com/docker-build-time-env-values/docker
不少時候,咱們須要在docker鏡像中加入環境變量,本人瞭解的有2種方法能夠作到ubuntu
使用docker run --env VARIABLE=VALUE image:tag
直接添加變量,適用於直接用docker啓動的項目ui
root@ubuntu:/home/vickey/test_build# docker run --rm -it --env TEST=2 ubuntu:latest root@2bbe75e5d8c7:/# env |grep "TEST" TEST=2
使用dockerfile的ARG
和ENV
添加變量,適用於不能用docker run
命令啓動的項目,如k8s3d
ARG只在構建docker鏡像時有效(dockerfile的RUN指令等),在鏡像建立了並用該鏡像啓動容器後則無效(後面有例子驗證)。但能夠配合ENV指令使用使其在建立後的容器也能夠生效。code
ARG buildtime_variable=default_value # if not set default_value buildtime_variable would be set '' ENV env_var_name=$buildtime_variable
在構建映像時,能夠使用--build-arg buildtime_variable=other_value
覆蓋dockerfile裏的變量值default_value
token
$ docker build --build-arg buildtime_variable=other_value --tag image:tag
可是有時咱們只是臨時須要環境變量或文件,最後的鏡像是不須要的這些變量的,設置ARG和ENV值就會在Docker鏡像中留下痕跡,好比保密信息等。多階段構建能夠用來去掉包含保密信息的鏡像。get
FROM ubuntu as intermediate # 爲第一階段構建設置別名,在第二階段引用 ARG TEST=deault_value # 設置環境變量 ENV ENV_TEST=$TEST # 設置環境變量 RUN echo test > /home/test.txt RUN cat /home/test.txt # 查看文件是否正常 RUN env RUN env |grep TEST # 查看環境變量是否已設置 FROM ubuntu COPY --from=intermediate /home/test.txt /home/another_test.txt # 將第一階段生成的文件拷貝到第二階段鏡像中 RUN cat /home/another_test.txt # 查看拷貝的文件是否正常 RUN env RUN env |grep TEST # 查看環境變量是否已設置
root@ubuntu:/home/vickey/test_build# docker build --build-arg TEST=2 -t ubuntu:test-multi-build --no-cache -f ./dockerfile . Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.56kB Step 1/12 : FROM ubuntu as intermediate ---> 94e814e2efa8 Step 2/12 : ARG TEST=deault_value ---> Running in 7da9180a6311 Removing intermediate container 7da9180a6311 ---> 7e8420f3ecf2 Step 3/12 : ENV ENV_TEST=$TEST ---> Running in 256788d179ce Removing intermediate container 256788d179ce ---> 11cf4e0581d9 Step 4/12 : RUN echo test > /home/test.txt ---> Running in c84799ba3831 Removing intermediate container c84799ba3831 ---> f578ca5fe373 Step 5/12 : RUN cat /home/test.txt ---> Running in dbf8272fd10c test Removing intermediate container dbf8272fd10c ---> 9f8720732878 Step 6/12 : RUN env ---> Running in 9050cd9e36c9 HOSTNAME=9050cd9e36c9 HOME=/root PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin TEST=2 PWD=/ ENV_TEST=2 Removing intermediate container 9050cd9e36c9 ---> f1f4daf42cc0 Step 7/12 : RUN env |grep TEST ---> Running in 1cc7968144f5 TEST=2 ENV_TEST=2 Removing intermediate container 1cc7968144f5 ---> c6d390887082 Step 8/12 : FROM ubuntu ---> 94e814e2efa8 Step 9/12 : COPY --from=intermediate /home/test.txt /home/another_test.txt ---> 27480a945fab Step 10/12 : RUN cat /home/another_test.txt ---> Running in de1f5a999fe1 test Removing intermediate container de1f5a999fe1 ---> 16c630eb6b1b Step 11/12 : RUN env ---> Running in d13becd5ae77 HOSTNAME=d13becd5ae77 HOME=/root PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin PWD=/ Removing intermediate container d13becd5ae77 ---> ea52a6e9a7b2 Step 12/12 : RUN env |grep TEST ---> Running in 7ef585772e9a The command '/bin/sh -c env |grep TEST' returned a non-zero code: 1
從dockerfile的註釋和構建時對應步驟的輸出能夠看出,第一階段的環境變量和文件,在第二階段複製了文件後,環境變了沒有複製過來(最後一步報錯了,就是由於環境變量不存在了),正好達到咱們想要的結果---將環境變量保密信息等刪除而保留了咱們想要的文件。dockerfile
root@ubuntu:/home/vickey/test_build# tree -L 2 . ├── dockerfile └── whatever 0 directories, 2 files root@ubuntu:/home/vickey/test_build# cat dockerfile FROM ubuntu
dockfileit
FROM ubuntu
root@ubuntu:/home/vickey/test_build# docker build --build-arg TEST=1 -t ubuntu:test-build -f ./dockerfile . Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.56kB Step 1/1 : FROM ubuntu ---> 94e814e2efa8 [Warning] One or more build-args [TEST] were not consumed Successfully built 94e814e2efa8 Successfully tagged ubuntu:test-build root@ubuntu:/home/vickey/test_build# docker images |grep test-build ubuntu test-build 94e814e2efa8 3 months ago 88.9MB
root@ubuntu:/home/vickey/test_build# docker run --rm -it ubuntu:test-build root@383c30a1d6f5:/# env HOSTNAME=383c30a1d6f5 PWD=/ HOME=/root TERM=xterm SHLVL=1 PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin _=/usr/bin/env root@383c30a1d6f5:/# env|grep "TEST" root@383c30a1d6f5:/#
發現並無構建鏡像時--build-arg TEST=1
傳入的變量,由於構建時有個[Warning] One or more build-args [TEST] were not consumed
, 須要在dockfile裏面引用TEST
才行。test
FROM ubuntu ARG TEST
root@ubuntu:/home/vickey/test_build# docker build --build-arg TEST=1 -t ubuntu:test-build -f ./dockerfile . Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.56kB Step 1/2 : FROM ubuntu ---> 94e814e2efa8 Step 2/2 : ARG TEST ---> Running in f9ccda7b3a4b Removing intermediate container f9ccda7b3a4b ---> dc95b444ffc5 Successfully built dc95b444ffc5 Successfully tagged ubuntu:test-build root@ubuntu:/home/vickey/test_build# docker run --rm -it ubuntu:test-build root@370dd8b3d2ca:/# env ... ignore... root@370dd8b3d2ca:/# env|grep "TEST" root@370dd8b3d2ca:/#
發現沒有warning了,但仍是沒有變量TEST
,由於ARG只在構建docker鏡像時有效,在鏡像建立了並用該鏡像啓動容器後則無效。但能夠配合ENV
指令使用使其在建立後的容器也能夠生效。下面加入ENV
看看
ENV
FROM ubuntu ARG TEST ENV ENV_TEST=$TEST
root@ubuntu:/home/vickey/test_build# docker build --build-arg TEST=1 -t ubuntu:test-build -f ./dockerfile . Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.56kB Step 1/3 : FROM ubuntu ---> 94e814e2efa8 Step 2/3 : ARG TEST ---> Using cache ---> dc95b444ffc5 Step 3/3 : ENV ENV_TEST=$TEST ---> Running in d8cd0014b36b Removing intermediate container d8cd0014b36b ---> ebd198fcb586 Successfully built ebd198fcb586 Successfully tagged ubuntu:test-build root@ubuntu:/home/vickey/test_build# docker run --rm -it ubuntu:test-build root@f9dd6cf0bb47:/# env|grep "TEST" ENV_TEST=1
很好,這時dockerfile的ARG變量TEST
已經傳給ENV變量ENV_TEST
了。咱們已經能夠使用docker構建時傳入的變量了。