最近在作WebMagic的後臺,遇到一個問題:後臺用到了數據庫,原本理想狀況下是用Mysql,可是爲了作到開箱即用,也整合了一個嵌入式數據庫H2。這裏面就有個問題了,如何用一套代碼,提供對Mysql和H2兩種方案的支持?博主收集了一些資料,也調試了好久,終於找到一套可行方案,記錄下來。代碼貼的有點多,主要是爲了之後方便本身查找。html
H2是一個嵌入式,純Java實現的數據庫,它各方面都要好於Java的sqlitejdbc。它可使用內存模式,也可使用磁盤模式。具體使用能夠看攻略:java
http://www.cnblogs.com/gao241/p/3480472.htmlmysql
咱們但願達到的效果是,不一樣的數據源使用不一樣的sql,而且這個切換最好只在配置中體現,與代碼無關。因此咱們選擇xml的方式編寫sql語句。git
同時使用Mybatis-Spring插件,這樣Mybatis能夠將Mapper(也就是DAO)自動配置成Bean,很是方便。它的一個完整示例能夠看這個項目:https://github.com/mybatis/jpetstore-6。這裏我配置以下:github
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer"> <property name="basePackage" value="us.codecraft.webmagic.dao" /> </bean> <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> <property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath*:/config/mapper/**/*.xml" /> </bean>
對應的DAO和配置文件以下:web
public interface DynamicClassDao { public int add(DynamicClass dynamicClass); }
<mapper namespace="us.codecraft.webmagic.dao.DynamicClassDao"> <insert id="add" parameterType="us.codecraft.webmagic.model.DynamicClass"> insert into DynamicClass (`ClassName`,`SourceCode`,`AddTime`,`UpdateTime`) values (#{className},#{sourceCode},now(),now()) </insert> </mapper>
MyBatis支持根據不一樣的數據庫名來進行SQL語句的切換。作法是初始化SqlSessionFactoryBean
的時候,配置一個databaseIdProvider
。spring
<bean id="vendorProperties" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertiesFactoryBean"> <property name="properties"> <props> <prop key="SQL Server">sqlserver</prop> <prop key="DB2">db2</prop> <prop key="Oracle">oracle</prop> <prop key="MySQL">mysql</prop> <prop key="H2">h2</prop> </props> </property> </bean> <bean id="databaseIdProvider" class="org.apache.ibatis.mapping.VendorDatabaseIdProvider"> <property name="properties" ref="vendorProperties"/> </bean> <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> <property name="databaseIdProvider" ref="databaseIdProvider" /> <property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath*:/config/mapper/**/*.xml" /> </bean>
而後在Mapper的xml裏,把相應的語句加上databaseId="xxx"
就能夠了。sql
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="us.codecraft.webmagic.dao.DynamicClassDao"> <insert id="add" parameterType="us.codecraft.webmagic.model.DynamicClass" databaseId="mysql"> insert into DynamicClass (`ClassName`,`SourceCode`,`AddTime`,`UpdateTime`) values (#{className},#{sourceCode},now(),now()) </insert> <insert id="add" parameterType="us.codecraft.webmagic.model.DynamicClass" databaseId="h2"> insert into DynamicClass (`ClassName`,`SourceCode`,`AddTime`,`UpdateTime`) values (#{className},#{sourceCode},now(),now()) </insert> </mapper>
Profile是Spring 3.1後新增的特性,簡單來講,就是根據不一樣的環境,讀取不一樣的配置。這些配置能夠放在一塊兒,可是單獨生效。貼個代碼吧,很容易說明問題了:數據庫
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd"> <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close"> <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/> <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/WebMagic?characterEncoding=UTF-8"/> <property name="username" value="webmagic"/> <property name="password" value="webmagic"/> </bean> <beans profile="test"> <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close"> <property name="driverClassName" value="org.h2.Driver"/> <property name="url" value="jdbc:h2:mem:WebMagic;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1"/> </bean> <!--Refer to https://github.com/springside/springside4/wiki/H2-Database --> <jdbc:initialize-database data-source="dataSource" ignore-failures="ALL"> <jdbc:script location="classpath:sql/h2/schema.sql" /> <!--<jdbc:script location="classpath:data/h2/import-data.sql" encoding="UTF-8"/>--> </jdbc:initialize-database> </beans> <beans profile="standalone"> <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close"> <property name="driverClassName" value="org.h2.Driver"/> <property name="url" value="jdbc:h2:file:~/.h2/WebMagic;AUTO_SERVER=TRUE"/> </bean> <!--Refer to https://github.com/springside/springside4/wiki/H2-Database --> <jdbc:initialize-database data-source="dataSource" ignore-failures="ALL"> <jdbc:script location="classpath:sql/h2/schema.sql" /> <!--<jdbc:script location="classpath:data/h2/import-data.sql" encoding="UTF-8"/>--> </jdbc:initialize-database> </beans> </beans>
設置Profile有不一樣的方式。apache
在JUnit裏面,使用註解@ActiveProfile便可。
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath*:/config/spring/applicationContext*.xml"}) @ActiveProfiles("test") @Transactional public abstract class AbstractTest { }
Web項目則是在web.xml裏設置:
<init-param> <param-name>spring.profiles.active</param-name> <param-value>product</param-value> </init-param>
如此配置,就能夠達到在不一樣的環境使用不一樣bean的目的!