1,定義函數html
fun 函數名(參數名:類型,參數名:類型,...):返回類型{ ...... }
好比java
fun sum(a: Int, b: Int): Int { return a + b }
若是不須要返回值,則能夠
express
fun printSum(a: Int, b: Int) { println("sum of $a and $b is ${a + b}") }
2,定義變量app
若是是隻讀變量,用val聲明,若是是可修改的變量,用var聲明ide
val a: Int = 1 val b = 2 // 自動推斷類型`Int` val c: Int // 若是沒有初始值,則須要提供類型 c = 3 // 稍後賦值 var x = 5 // 自動推斷類型`Int` x += 1
3,字符串模板函數
var a = 1 // simple name in template: val s1 = "a is $a" a = 2 // arbitrary expression in template: val s2 = "${s1.replace("is", "was")}, but now is $a"
4,if表達式
ui
fun maxOf(a: Int, b: Int) = if (a > b) a else b
5,對於可能爲null的值,必須判斷
this
fun parseInt(str: String): Int? { // 若是不是int,就返回null } fun printProduct(arg1: String, arg2: String) { val x = parseInt(arg1) val y = parseInt(arg2) // Using `x * y` yields error because they may hold nulls. if (x != null && y != null) { // x and y are automatically cast to non-nullable after null check println(x * y) } else { println("either '$arg1' or '$arg2' is not a number") } }
6, 用is 關鍵字判斷對象類型,至關於java的instanceOfhtm
fun getStringLength(obj: Any): Int? { if (obj !is String) return null // `obj` is automatically cast to `String` in this branch return obj.length }
7, list遍歷對象
val items = listOf("apple", "banana", "kiwifruit") for (item in items) { println(item) } val items = listOf("apple", "banana", "kiwifruit") var index = 0 while (index < items.size) { println("item at $index is ${items[index]}") index++ }
fun describe(obj: Any): String = when (obj) { 1 -> "One" "Hello" -> "Greeting" is Long -> "Long" !is String -> "Not a string" else -> "Unknown" }
8, 範圍
val x = 10 val y = 9 if (x in 1..y+1) { println("fits in range") } val list = listOf("a", "b", "c") if (-1 !in 0..list.lastIndex) { println("-1 is out of range") } if (list.size !in list.indices) { println("list size is out of valid list indices range, too") } //遍歷 for (x in 1..5) { print(x) } //步長 for (x in 1..10 step 2) { print(x) } println() for (x in 9 downTo 0 step 3) { print(x) }
9,集合
for (item in items) { println(item) } when { "orange" in items -> println("juicy") "apple" in items -> println("apple is fine too") } //lambda表達式 val fruits = listOf("banana", "avocado", "apple", "kiwifruit") fruits .filter { it.startsWith("a") } .sortedBy { it } .map { it.toUpperCase() } .forEach { println(it) }
10,建立對象
val rectangle = Rectangle(5.0, 2.0) //不須要'new' val triangle = Triangle(3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
參考文獻: https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/coding-conventions.html