Django之model admin自定義後臺管理

Admin管理界面是django的殺手級應用。它讀取你模式中的元數據，而後提供給你一個強大並且可使用的界面，網站管理者能夠用它當即向網站中添加內容。

好比,數據表以下:

1.  
   from django.db import models
2.  
    
3.  
   # Create your models here.
4.  
   class Author(models.Model):
5.  
   #做者
6.  
   name = models.CharField(max_length=30,verbose_name='姓名')#姓名
7.  
   age = models.CharField(max_length=30,verbose_name='年齡')#年齡
8.  
   phone = models.CharField(max_length=11,verbose_name='手機號')#手機號
9.  
   email = models.EmailField(verbose_name='郵箱')#郵箱
10.  
    def __str__(self):
11.  
    return self.name
12.  
    class Meta:
13.  
    verbose_name = '做者'
14.  
    verbose_name_plural = '做者'
15.  
    class Publisher(models.Model):#出版社
16.  
    name = models.CharField(max_length=30,verbose_name='出版社')#出版社姓名
17.  
    address = models.CharField(max_length=50,verbose_name='地址')#出版社地址
18.  
    city = models.CharField(max_length=60,verbose_name='城市')#出版社城市
19.  
    state_province = models.CharField(max_length=30,verbose_name='省份')#省份
20.  
    country = models.CharField(max_length=50,verbose_name='國家')#國家
21.  
    website = models.URLField(verbose_name='官網')#官網
22.  
    def __str__(self):
23.  
    return self.name
24.  
    class Meta:
25.  
    verbose_name = '出版社'
26.  
    verbose_name_plural = '出版社'
27.  
    class Book(models.Model):#書
28.  
    name = models.CharField(max_length=60,verbose_name='書名')#書名
29.  
    author = models.ManyToManyField(Author,verbose_name='做者')#關聯做者
30.  
    publisher = models.ForeignKey(Publisher,verbose_name='出版社')#關聯
31.  
    publication_date = models.DateField(verbose_name='出版時間')#時間
32.  
    def __str__(self):
33.  
    return self.name
34.  
    class Meta:
35.  
    verbose_name = '書名'
36.  
    verbose_name_plural = '書名'

要使用admin，能夠按照下面的步驟：

1. 將'django.contrib.admin'加入setting的INSTALLED_APPS配置中。

2. 保證INSTALLED_APPS中,包含'django.contrib.auth'，'django.contrib.contenttypes'，'django.contrib.messages'和'django.contrib.sessions.'，Django的admin須要這4個包。

   settings.py:

   1.  
      INSTALLED_APPS = [
   2.  
      'django.contrib.admin',
   3.  
      'django.contrib.auth',
   4.  
      'django.contrib.contenttypes',
   5.  
      'django.contrib.sessions',
   6.  
      'django.contrib.messages',
   7.  
      'django.contrib.staticfiles',
   8.  
      'book',
   9.  
      ]
3. 將'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages'添加到 TEMPLATE_CONTEXT_PROCESSORS中，並確保MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES 包含'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware'和'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware'。 (默認已加入)
4. 肯定哪些Model須要應用到admin中。
5. 爲每一個須要admin的app中的admin.py中建立一個ModelAdmin。

6. 註冊Model及ModelAdmin:

   1.  
      from django.contrib import admin
   2.  
      from myproject.myapp.models import Author
   3.  
       
   4.  
      class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
   5.  
      pass
   6.  
      admin.site.register(Author, AuthorAdmin)

7. 將admin訪問配置在URLconf中

   1.  
      from django.contrib import admin
   2.  
      admin.autodiscover()
   3.  
       
   4.  
      # And include this URLpattern...
   5.  
      urlpatterns = patterns('',
   6.  
      # ...
   7.  
      (r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
   8.  
      # ...
   9.  
      )

8. 運行python manage.py migrate提醒建立superuser後就能夠訪問 http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/ 了。其實就是生成表結構的過程:

   1.  
      python manage.py makemigrations
   2.  
      python manage.py migrate
   3.  
      python manage.py createsuperuser

   ModelAdmin對象

   register裝飾器

register(*models[, site=django.admin.sites.site])

1.7中新添加。Model和ModelAdmin能夠這樣註冊：

1.  
   from django.contrib import admin
2.  
   from .models import Author
3.  
    
4.  
   @admin.register(Author)
5.  
   class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
6.  
   pass

能夠一次註冊多個Model，而且可使用本身定製的AdminSite：

1.  
   from django.contrib import admin
2.  
   from .models import Author, Reader, Editor
3.  
   from myproject.admin_site import custom_admin_site
4.  
    
5.  
   @admin.register(Author, Reader, Editor, site=custom_admin_site)
6.  
   class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
7.  
   pass

Admin是如何工做的

當把'django.contrib.admin'添加到INSTALLED_APPS後，django會自動查找每一個app中的admin.py模塊而且import載入。

class apps.AdminConfig

Django 1.7新增.

admin默認的AppConfig類.當django啓動時會執行autodiscover()。

class apps.SimpleAdminConfig

Django 1.7新增.

相似於AdminConfig,不會執行autodiscover().

autodiscover()

import每一個app的admin.py模塊。

Django 1.7改變:
在之前的版本中須要在urls.py中手動啓動此方法去尋找每一個app的admin.py，1.7後AdminConfig會自動執行此方法。

若是正在使用定製的AdminSite，須要將ModelAdmin的子類載入到本身的代碼中並所有註冊到定製的AdminSite中。這種狀況下須要中止自動discovery()，能夠將'django.contrib.admin.apps.SimpleAdminConfig'代替INSTALLED_APPS中的'django.contrib.admin'。

ModelAdmin選項

actions

admin actions的列表

actions_on_top / actions_on_bottom

action的位置。

date_hierarchy

將date_hierarchy設成Model的DateField或者DateTimeField，就能夠爲admin中的此Model添加日期層次。

fields / exclude

決定Model的form中展示哪些字段。fields是包括，exclude是排除。

1.  
   from django.contrib import admin
2.  
    
3.  
   class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
4.  
   fields = ('name', 'title')
5.  
    
6.  
   class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
7.  
   exclude = ('birth_date',)

能夠將一些字段放在同一行，以下url和title字段放在同一行：

1.  
   class FlatPageAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
2.  
   fields = (('url', 'title'), 'content')

fieldsets

fieldsets是雙元元組(name, field_options)的列表，能夠將字段分塊：

1.  
   from django.contrib import admin
2.  
    
3.  
   class FlatPageAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
4.  
   fieldsets = (
5.  
   (None, {
6.  
   'fields': ('url', 'title', 'content', 'sites')
7.  
   }),
8.  
   ('Advanced options', {
9.  
   'classes': ('collapse',),
10.  
    'fields': ('enable_comments', 'registration_required', 'template_name')
11.  
    }),
12.  
    )

name

name是塊的標題，field_options是一個字典。

field_options

field_options的key有下面幾種：

fields

字段名稱的元組，在fieldset中展現:

1.  
   {
2.  
   'fields': (('first_name', 'last_name'), 'address', 'city', 'state'),
3.  
   }

classes

提供給fieldset的額外CSS類的列表。

description

能夠在fieldset頂部額外展現的文本。

filter_horizontal / filter_vertical

Model有ManyToManyField字段時，使用filter_horizontal，(支持拖拽),filter_vertical能夠從現有的選項中多選。一個爲橫排，一個爲豎排。

form

使用的表單.

1.  
   from django import forms
2.  
   from django.contrib import admin
3.  
   from myapp.models import Person
4.  
    
5.  
   class PersonForm(forms.ModelForm):
6.  
    
7.  
   class Meta:
8.  
   model = Person
9.  
   exclude = ['name']
10.  
     
11.  
    class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
12.  
    exclude = ['age']
13.  
    form = PersonForm

發生衝突時，ModelAdmin優先。上面的例子中age會被排除，但name會在頁面中展現。

formfield_overrides

能夠覆蓋Model表單界面的一些字段的選項，爲一些特定類型的字段添加本身定製的部件,好比，想爲本身Model的TextField字段使用富文本編輯器：

1.  
   from django.db import models
2.  
   from django.contrib import admin
3.  
    
4.  
   # Import our custom widget and our model from where they're defined
5.  
   from myapp.widgets import RichTextEditorWidget
6.  
   from myapp.models import MyModel
7.  
    
8.  
   class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
9.  
   formfield_overrides = {
10.  
    models.TextField: {'widget': RichTextEditorWidget},
11.  
    }

list_display

Model的change list頁面能夠展現的字段，若是不設置list_display，admin界面會自動展現Model的__unicode__()結果,在python3中爲__str__()。

list_display中有4種值：

model的一個字段

list_display = ('first_name', 'last_name')list_display = ('first_name', 'last_name')

一個可調用的以model爲參數的函數

1.  
   def upper_case_name(obj):
2.  
   return ("%s %s" % (obj.first_name, obj.last_name)).upper()
3.  
   upper_case_name.short_description = 'Name'
4.  
    
5.  
   class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
6.  
   list_display = (upper_case_name,)　

ModelAdmin的一個屬性，相似於可調用函數

1.  
   class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
2.  
   list_display = ('upper_case_name',)
3.  
    
4.  
   def upper_case_name(self, obj):
5.  
   return ("%s %s" % (obj.first_name, obj.last_name)).upper()
6.  
   upper_case_name.short_description = 'Name'

Model的一個屬性，相似於可調用函數

1.  
   from django.db import models
2.  
   from django.contrib import admin
3.  
    
4.  
   class Person(models.Model):
5.  
   name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
6.  
   birthday = models.DateField()
7.  
    
8.  
   def decade_born_in(self):
9.  
   return self.birthday.strftime('%Y')[:3] + "0's"
10.  
    decade_born_in.short_description = 'Birth decade'
11.  
     
12.  
    class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
13.  
    list_display = ('name', 'decade_born_in')

list_display之TIPS:

• 若是字段是ForeignKey，會顯示外鍵的__unicode__。
• 不支持ManyToManyField
• 若是是BooleanField，會顯示on或者off。

• 若是提供的字符串是Model或者ModelAdmin的方法或者一個可調用函數，django會自動的HTML-escape輸出，若是不想轉義，能夠將方法的allow_tags設爲True。爲了不XSS跨站攻擊，須要使用format_html轉義用戶的輸入：

  1.  
     from django.db import models
  2.  
     from django.contrib import admin
  3.  
     from django.utils.html import format_html
  4.  
      
  5.  
     class Person(models.Model):
  6.  
     first_name = models.CharField(max_length= 50)
  7.  
     last_name = models.CharField(max_length= 50)
  8.  
     color_code = models.CharField(max_length= 6)
  9.  
      
  10.  
      def colored_name(self):
  11.  
      return format_html('<span style="color: #{0};">{1} {2}</span>',
  12.  
      self.color_code,
  13.  
      self.first_name,
  14.  
      self.last_name)
  15.  
       
  16.  
      colored_name.allow_tags = True
  17.  
       
  18.  
      class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
  19.  
      list_display = ( 'first_name', 'last_name', 'colored_name')

• 若是提供的字符串是Model或者ModelAdmin的方法或者一個可調用函數，而且返回True或者False，能夠將方法的boolean屬性設爲True。這樣頁面上會展現on或者off圖標。

  1.  
     from django.db import models
  2.  
     from django.contrib import admin
  3.  
      
  4.  
     class Person(models.Model):
  5.  
     first_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
  6.  
     birthday = models.DateField()
  7.  
      
  8.  
     def born_in_fifties(self):
  9.  
     return self.birthday.strftime('%Y')[:3] == '195'
  10.  
      born_in_fifties.boolean = True
  11.  
       
  12.  
      class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
  13.  
      list_display = ('name', 'born_in_fifties')　

• Model的__str__或者__unicode__方法也可使用

  list_display = ('__str__', 'some_other_field')list_display = ('__str__', 'some_other_field')

• 若是list_display中的項不是數據庫的實際字段，那麼不能夠以此項排序。反之，則能夠以此項排序，能夠經過設置 admin_order_field屬性指出這個事實。

  1.  
     from django.db import models
  2.  
     from django.contrib import admin
  3.  
     from django.utils.html import format_html
  4.  
      
  5.  
     class Person(models.Model):
  6.  
     first_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
  7.  
     color_code = models.CharField(max_length=6)
  8.  
      
  9.  
     def colored_first_name(self):
  10.  
      return format_html('<span style="color: #{0};">{1}</span>',
  11.  
      self.color_code,
  12.  
      self.first_name)
  13.  
       
  14.  
      colored_first_name.allow_tags = True
  15.  
      colored_first_name.admin_order_field = 'first_name'
  16.  
       
  17.  
      class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
  18.  
      list_display = ('first_name', 'colored_first_name')

  這樣試圖以colored_first_name排序時，django會以first_name排序。能夠反向排序：

  colored_first_name.admin_order_field = '-first_name'colored_first_name.admin_order_field = '-first_name'

• list_display中的項也能夠是特性：

  1.  
     class Person(object):
  2.  
     first_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
  3.  
     last_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
  4.  
      
  5.  
     def my_property(self):
  6.  
     return self.first_name + ' ' + self.last_name
  7.  
     my_property.short_description = "Full name of the person"
  8.  
      
  9.  
     full_name = property(my_property)
  10.  
       
  11.  
      class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
  12.  
      list_display = ('full_name',)　

list_display_link

其中的字段會被連接到mode的change頁面

1.  
   class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
2.  
   list_display = ('first_name', 'last_name', 'birthday')
3.  
   list_display_links = ('first_name', 'last_name')

list_editable

其中的字段在change list頁面是能夠被更改的。在其中的字段也必須在list_display中。

list_filter

其中的字段能夠做爲過濾器過濾model 。能夠是相關域。頁面右邊會出現相應的過濾器選項

1.  
   class PersonAdmin(admin.UserAdmin):
2.  
   list_filter = ('company__name',)

list_max_show_all

show all頁面上的model數目，缺省200。

list_per_page

每一個change list頁面的model數目，缺省100。

list_select_related

與select_related()有關。

ordering

排序。

1.  
   from django.contrib import admin
2.  
    
3.  
   # Register your models here.
4.  
   from book import models
5.  
    
6.  
   class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
7.  
   list_display = ('name','age','phone','email')
8.  
   search_fields = ('name','age','phone','email')
9.  
   fields = ('name','age','email','phone')
10.  
    #按照年齡排序
11.  
    ordering = ('age',)
12.  
    #將做者註冊到admin後臺
13.  
    admin.site.register(models.Author,AuthorAdmin)

paginator

使用的分頁。缺省django.core.paginator.Paginator 。

prepopulated_fields

預置字段。

radio_fields

使用radio-button代替select-box( ForeignKey或者有choices選項時)。

1.  
   class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
2.  
   radio_fields = {"group": admin.VERTICAL}

raw_id_fields

會展現其中字段的id，用於ForeignKey或者ManyToManyField。

1.  
   class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
2.  
   raw_id_fields = ("newspaper",)

readonly_fields

只可讀不可編輯的字段。也能夠是方法：

1.  
   from django.contrib import admin
2.  
   from django.utils.html import format_html_join
3.  
   from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
4.  
    
5.  
   class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
6.  
   readonly_fields = ('address_report',)
7.  
    
8.  
   def address_report(self, instance):
9.  
   # assuming get_full_address() returns a list of strings
10.  
    # for each line of the address and you want to separate each
11.  
    # line by a linebreak
12.  
    return format_html_join(
13.  
    mark_safe('<br/>'),
14.  
    '{0}',
15.  
    ((line,) for line in instance.get_full_address()),
16.  
    ) or "<span class='errors'>I can't determine this address.</span>"
17.  
     
18.  
    # short_description functions like a model field's verbose_name
19.  
    address_report.short_description = "Address"
20.  
    # in this example, we have used HTML tags in the output
21.  
    address_report.allow_tags = True

save_as

設爲Ture時，change頁面的 "Save and add another"按鈕會被"Save as"代替。

save_on_top

設爲Ture時，change頁面的頂端也會有save按鈕。

search_fields

可搜索字段。這樣就能夠按照標題或內容搜索了

1.  
   from django.contrib import admin
2.  
    
3.  
   # Register your models here.
4.  
   from book import models
5.  
    
6.  
   class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
7.  
   list_display = ('name','age','phone','email')
8.  
   #添加搜索功能
9.  
   search_fields = ('name','age','phone','email')
10.  
    #將做者註冊到admin後臺
11.  
    admin.site.register(models.Author,AuthorAdmin)

view_on_site

是否顯示View on site連接。

template options

一些定製admin模板時指定模板所用的選項。

add_form_template

add_view()使用的模板.

change_form_template

change_view()使用的模板.

change_list_template

changelist_view()使用的模板.

delete_confirmation_template

delete_view()使用的模板。

delete_selected_confirmation_template

delete_selected action method 使用的模板。

ModelAdmin.object_history_template

history_view()使用的模板，日誌。

ModelAdmin methods

save_model(request, obj, form, change)

此方法爲admin界面用戶保存model實例時的行爲。request爲HttpRequest實例，obj爲model實例，form爲ModelForm實例，change爲bool值，取決於model實例是新增的仍是修改的。

重寫此方法能夠作一些pre-save或者post-save行爲。

好比，能夠把request.user保存爲model實例的屬性：

1.  
   from django.contrib import admin
2.  
    
3.  
   class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
4.  
   def save_model(self, request, obj, form, change):
5.  
   obj.user = request.user
6.  
   obj.save()

delete_model(request, obj)

admin界面用戶刪除model實例時的方法。

save_formset(request, form, formset, change)

admin界面用戶保存formset的方法，能夠改寫：

1.  
   class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
2.  
   def save_formset(self, request, form, formset, change):
3.  
   instances = formset.save(commit=False)
4.  
   for instance in instances:
5.  
   instance.user = request.user
6.  
   instance.save()
7.  
   formset.save_m2m()

get_ordering(request)

排序

1.  
   class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
2.  
    
3.  
   def get_ordering(self, request):
4.  
   if request.user.is_superuser:
5.  
   return ['name', 'rank']
6.  
   else:
7.  
   return ['name']

get_search_results(request, queryset, search_term)

能夠定製查詢結果

save_related(request, form, formsets, change)

formsets是model的inline formsets的列表。model的相關對象保存時的行爲。

1.  
   def save_related(self, request, form, formsets, change):
2.  
   """
3.  
   Given the ``HttpRequest``, the parent ``ModelForm`` instance, the
4.  
   list of inline formsets and a boolean value based on whether the
5.  
   parent is being added or changed, save the related objects to the
6.  
   database. Note that at this point save_form() and save_model() have
7.  
   already been called.
8.  
   """
9.  
   form.save_m2m()
10.  
    for formset in formsets:
11.  
    self.save_formset(request, form, formset, change=change)

get_readonly_fields(request, obj=None)

返回只讀字段。

get_prepopulated_fields(request, obj=None)

返回預置字段。

get_list_display(request)

返回list_display。

get_list_display_links(request, list_display)

返回list_display_link。

get_fields(request, obj=None)

返回fields。

get_fieldsets(request, obj=None)

返回fieldsets。

get_list_filter(request)

返回list_filter。

get_search_fields(request)

返回search_fields。

get_inline_instances(request, obj=None)

返回InlineModelAdmin對象的列表或元組

1.  
   class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
2.  
   def get_inline_instances(self, request, obj=None):
3.  
   return [inline(self.model, self.admin_site) for inline in self.inlines]

get_urls()

返回ModelAdmin的可用urls。

1.  
   class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
2.  
   def get_urls(self):
3.  
   urls = super(MyModelAdmin, self).get_urls()
4.  
   my_urls = patterns('',
5.  
   (r'^my_view/$', self.my_view)
6.  
   )
7.  
   return my_urls + urls
8.  
    
9.  
   def my_view(self, request):
10.  
    # custom view which should return an HttpResponse
11.  
    pass

上面my_view方法的路徑就是 /admin/myapp/mymodel/my_view/ 。

不過上面的例子中無驗證和緩存，要提供驗證和緩存：

1.  
   class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
2.  
   def get_urls(self):
3.  
   urls = super(MyModelAdmin, self).get_urls()
4.  
   my_urls = patterns('',
5.  
   (r'^my_view/$', self.admin_site.admin_view(self.my_view))
6.  
   )
7.  
   return my_urls + urls

若是頁面可緩存而仍是要進行權限驗證：

(r'^my_view/$', self.admin_site.admin_view(self.my_view, cacheable=True))(r'^my_view/$', self.admin_site.admin_view(self.my_view, cacheable=True))

get_form(request, obj=None, **kwargs)
返回add和change view使用的ModelForm。下面用戶非superuser時會隱藏一些字段。

1.  
   class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
2.  
   def get_form(self, request, obj=None, **kwargs):
3.  
   self.exclude = []
4.  
   if not request.user.is_superuser:
5.  
   self.exclude.append('field_to_hide')
6.  
   return super(MyModelAdmin, self).get_form(request, obj, **kwargs)

get_formsets(request, obj=None)

Yields InlineModelAdmins for use in admin add and change views.

若是隻想在the change view中展現一個特殊的inline：

1.  
   class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
2.  
   inlines = [MyInline, SomeOtherInline]
3.  
    
4.  
   def get_formsets(self, request, obj=None):
5.  
   for inline in self.get_inline_instances(request, obj):
6.  
   # hide MyInline in the add view
7.  
   if isinstance(inline, MyInline) and obj is None:
8.  
   continue
9.  
   yield inline.get_formset(request, obj)

get_formsets_with_inlines(request, obj=None)

Yields (FormSet, InlineModelAdmin) pairs for use in admin add and change views.

若是隻想在the change view中展現一個特殊的inline：

1.  
   class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
2.  
   inlines = [MyInline, SomeOtherInline]
3.  
    
4.  
   def get_formsets_with_inlines(self, request, obj=None):
5.  
   for inline in self.get_inline_instances(request, obj):
6.  
   # hide MyInline in the add view
7.  
   if isinstance(inline, MyInline) and obj is None:
8.  
   continue
9.  
   yield inline.get_formset(request, obj), inline

formfield_for_foreignkey(db_field, request, **kwargs)
Foreignkey字段使用的默認formfield. 根據不一樣的用戶返回不一樣的子集：

1.  
   class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
2.  
   def formfield_for_foreignkey(self, db_field, request, **kwargs):
3.  
   if db_field.name == "car":
4.  
   kwargs["queryset"] = Car.objects.filter(owner=request.user)
5.  
   return super(MyModelAdmin, self).formfield_for_foreignkey(db_field, request, **kwargs)

formfield_for_manytomany(db_field, request, **kwargs)
相似於formfield_for_foreignkey，這個方法用於many to many字段.：

1.  
   class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
2.  
   def formfield_for_manytomany(self, db_field, request, **kwargs):
3.  
   if db_field.name == "cars":
4.  
   kwargs["queryset"] = Car.objects.filter(owner=request.user)
5.  
   return super(MyModelAdmin, self).formfield_for_manytomany(db_field, request, **kwargs)

ModelAdmin.formfield_for_choice_field(db_field, request, **kwargs)
相似於formfield_for_foreignkey和formfield_for_manytomany,這個方法用於choices：

1.  
   class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
2.  
   def formfield_for_choice_field(self, db_field, request, **kwargs):
3.  
   if db_field.name == "status":
4.  
   kwargs['choices'] = (
5.  
   ('accepted', 'Accepted'),
6.  
   ('denied', 'Denied'),
7.  
   )
8.  
   if request.user.is_superuser:
9.  
   kwargs['choices'] += (('ready', 'Ready for deployment'),)
10.  
    return super(MyModelAdmin, self).formfield_for_choice_field(db_field, request, **kwargs)

ModelAdmin.get_changelist(request, **kwargs)
返回changelist頁面使用的Changelis類. 缺省django.contrib.admin.views.main.ChangeList。

ModelAdmin.get_changelist_form(request, **kwargs)
返回changelist頁面使用的ModelForm類。

1.  
   from django import forms
2.  
    
3.  
   class MyForm(forms.ModelForm):
4.  
   pass
5.  
    
6.  
   class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
7.  
   def get_changelist_form(self, request, **kwargs):
8.  
   return MyForm

ModelAdmin.get_changelist_formset(request, **kwargs)
返回changelist頁面使用的ModelFormSet類。

1.  
   from django.forms.models import BaseModelFormSet
2.  
    
3.  
   class MyAdminFormSet(BaseModelFormSet):
4.  
   pass
5.  
    
6.  
   class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
7.  
   def get_changelist_formset(self, request, **kwargs):
8.  
   kwargs['formset'] = MyAdminFormSet
9.  
   return super(MyModelAdmin, self).get_changelist_formset(request, **kwargs)

ModelAdmin.has_add_permission(request)

是否具備add權限。

ModelAdmin.has_change_permission(request, obj=None)

是否具備change權限。

ModelAdmin.has_delete_permission(request, obj=None)

是否具備delete權限。

ModelAdmin.get_queryset(request)

返回admin界面可編輯的model QuerySet集。 根據不一樣的user返回不一樣的結果：

1.  
   class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
2.  
   def get_queryset(self, request):
3.  
   qs = super(MyModelAdmin, self).get_queryset(request)
4.  
   if request.user.is_superuser:
5.  
   return qs
6.  
   return qs.filter(author=request.user)

ModelAdmin.message_user(request, message, level=messages.INFO, extra_tags='', fail_silently=False)

向使用django.contrib.messages backend的用戶發送信息。

ModelAdmin.get_paginator(queryset, per_page, orphans=0, allow_empty_first_page=True)

返回一個分頁實例。Returns an instance of the paginator to use for this view. By default, instantiates an instance of paginator.

ModelAdmin.response_add(request, obj, post_url_continue=None)

決定add_view()的HttpResponse，model被建立後運行。

ModelAdmin.response_change(request, obj)

決定change_view()的HttpResponse，model被修改後運行。

ModelAdmin.response_delete(request, obj_display)

決定delete_view()的HttpResponse，model被刪除後運行。

obj_display是被刪除對象的name。

ModelAdmin.get_changeform_initial_data(request)

A hook for the initial data on admin change forms. By default, fields are given initial values from GET parameters. For instance, ?name=initial_value will set the name field’s initial value to be initial_value.

This method should return a dictionary in the form {'fieldname': 'fieldval'}:

1.  
   def get_changeform_initial_data(self, request):
2.  
   return {'name': 'custom_initial_value'}

其餘方法

ModelAdmin.add_view(request, form_url='', extra_context=None)

Django view for the model instance addition page. See note below.

ModelAdmin.change_view(request, object_id, form_url='', extra_context=None)

Django view for the model instance edition page. See note below.

ModelAdmin.changelist_view(request, extra_context=None)

Django view for the model instances change list/actions page. See note below.

ModelAdmin.delete_view(request, object_id, extra_context=None)

Django view for the model instance(s) deletion confirmation page. See note below.

ModelAdmin.history_view(request, object_id, extra_context=None)

Django view for the page that shows the modification history for a given model instance.

這5個方法是被實際的設定爲django的view方法的。能夠重構，通常是添加渲染view使用的模板的context data：

1.  
   class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
2.  
    
3.  
   # A template for a very customized change view:
4.  
   change_form_template = 'admin/myapp/extras/openstreetmap_change_form.html'
5.  
    
6.  
   def get_osm_info(self):
7.  
   # ...
8.  
   pass
9.  
    
10.  
    def change_view(self, request, object_id, form_url='', extra_context=None):
11.  
    extra_context = extra_context or {}
12.  
    extra_context['osm_data'] = self.get_osm_info()
13.  
    return super(MyModelAdmin, self).change_view(request, object_id,
14.  
    form_url, extra_context=extra_context)

ModelAdmin asset definitions

爲ModelAdmin的 add/change views添加js和css：

1.  
   class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
2.  
   class Media:
3.  
   css = {
4.  
   "all": ("my_styles.css",)
5.  
   }
6.  
   js = ("my_code.js",)

Adding custom validation to the admin

定製form:

1.  
   class MyArticleAdminForm(forms.ModelForm):
2.  
   def clean_name(self):
3.  
   # do something that validates your data
4.  
   return self.cleaned_data["name"]
5.  
   class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
6.  
   form = MyArticleAdminForm

 

 

 

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