tomcat
1. tomcat簡介
Tomcat是Apache 軟件基金會（Apache Software Foundation）的Jakarta 項目中的一個核心項目，由Apache、Sun 和其餘一些公司及我的共同開發而成。因爲有了Sun 的參與和支持，最新的Servlet 和JSP 規範老是能在Tomcat 中獲得體現，Tomcat 5支持最新的Servlet 2.4 和JSP 2.0 規範。由於Tomcat 技術先進、性能穩定，並且免費，於是深受Java 愛好者的喜好並獲得了部分軟件開發商的承認，成爲目前比較流行的Web 應用服務器。
Tomcat 服務器是一個免費的開放源代碼的Web 應用服務器，屬於輕量級應用服務器，在中小型系統和併發訪問用戶不是不少的場合下被廣泛使用，是開發和調試JSP 程序的首選。對於一個初學者來講，能夠這樣認爲，當在一臺機器上配置好Apache 服務器，可利用它響應HTML（標準通用標記語言下的一個應用）頁面的訪問請求。實際上Tomcat是Apache 服務器的擴展，但運行時它是獨立運行的，因此當你運行tomcat 時，它實際上做爲一個與Apache 獨立的進程單獨運行的。
訣竅是，當配置正確時，Apache 爲HTML頁面服務，而Tomcat 實際上運行JSP 頁面和Servlet。另外，Tomcat和IIS等Web服務器同樣，具備處理HTML頁面的功能，另外它仍是一個Servlet和JSP容器，獨立的Servlet容器是Tomcat的默認模式。不過，Tomcat處理靜態HTML的能力不如Apache服務器。目前Tomcat最新版本爲9.0。html
tomcat就是傳說中的中間件之一，tomcat自己是一個容器，專門用來運行java程序，java語言開發的網頁.jsp就應該運行於tomcat中。而tomcat自己的運行也依賴於jdk環境。
tomcat應用場景：lnmt
tomcat官網 :http://tomcat.apache.org/java
2.tomcat 項目部署
tomcat應用場景：lnmt
tomcat官網 :連接: http://tomcat.apache.org/.linux
2.1 tomcat部署多個項目
以部署兩個項目爲例：web
//關閉防火牆
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
**//將第六行中的 enforcing 改成 disabled**
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
//安裝以前請確保本地倉庫可用
//安裝jdk環境
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install java-1.8.0*
……下載過程略
[root@localhost src]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# mkdir tomcat
//下載tomcat
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@localhost src]# wget https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.8/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.8.tar.gz
……下載過程略
[root@localhost src]# ls
apache-tomcat-9.0.35.tar.gz debug kernels
//部署項目一
[root@localhost src]# tar xf apache-tomcat-9.0.35.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# ls
apache-tomcat-9.0.35 apache-tomcat-9.0.35.tar.gz debug kernels
[root@localhost src]# mv apache-tomcat-9.0.35 tomcat1
[root@localhost src]# mv tomcat1 /usr/local/tomcat/
//部署項目二
[root@localhost src]# tar xf apache-tomcat-9.0.35.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# ls
apache-tomcat-9.0.35 apache-tomcat-9.0.35.tar.gz debug kernels
[root@localhost src]# mv apache-tomcat-9.0.35 tomcat2
[root@localhost src]# mv tomcat2 /usr/local/tomcat/
[root@localhost src]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/
[root@localhost tomcat]# ls
tomcat1 tomcat2
//分別在兩個項目中進行測試
//tomcat1
[root@localhost tomcat]# cd tomcat1/webapps/
[root@localhost webapps]# ls
docs examples host-manager manager ROOT
//建立測試文檔
[root@localhost webapps]# mkdir test
[root@localhost webapps]# cd test/
//編寫一個java頁面進行測試
[root@localhost test]# vim index.jsp
[root@localhost test]# cat index.jsp
<html>
<head>
<title>test</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
out.println("I am tomcat1");
%>
</body>
</html>
//在tomcat2中的操做與tomcat1中相同
[root@localhost tomcat]# cd tomcat2/webapps/
[root@localhost webapps]# ls
docs examples host-manager manager ROOT
//建立測試文檔
[root@localhost webapps]# mkdir test
[root@localhost webapps]# cd test/
//編寫一個java頁面進行測試
[root@localhost test]# vim index.jsp
[root@localhost test]# cat index.jsp
<html>
<head>
<title>test</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
out.println("I am tomcat1");
%>
</body>
</html>
//啓動tomcat
//啓動tomcat1，端口爲8080和8005
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat1/bin/catalina.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat1
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat1
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat1/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat1/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/tomcat1/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
[root@localhost bin]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 :::8080 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 1 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005 :::*
//tomcat2沒法與tomcat1同樣啓動，由於他們的服務端口是同樣的，若是再啓動tomcat2就會有衝突。
//要想啓動tomcat2，須要更改tomcat2的服務端口
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat2/conf/
[root@localhost conf]# ls
catalina.policy context.xml jaspic-providers.xsd server.xml tomcat-users.xsd
catalina.properties jaspic-providers.xml logging.properties tomcat-users.xml web.xml
[root@localhost conf]# vim server.xml
.......
//將prot後的8005端口改成你想改的。
<Server port="8006" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" />
.......
.......
//將prot後的8080端口改成你想改的。
//將redirectPort後的8443端口改成你想改的。
<Connector port="8081" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
connectionTimeout="20000"
redirectPort="8445" />
.......
//改完後就能夠啓動tomcat2
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat2/bin/catalina.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat2
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat2
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat2/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat2/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/tomcat2/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
[root@localhost bin]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 :::8080 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 :::8081 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 1 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005 :::*
LISTEN 0 1 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8006 :::*
2.2 驗證
2.3 開啓管理模塊
當點擊圖中說指的內容時，會被拒絕。
修改配置文件/usr/local/tomcat/conf/tomcat-users.xmlapache
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/tomcat-users.xml ...... <role rolename="manager-gui"/> <role rolename="admin-gui"/> <user username="tomcat" password="123456" roles="manager-gui,admin-gui"/> </tomcat-users> ## 在此行前面添加以上內容
**注意：admin-gui是管理Host Manager項的，manager-gui是管理Server status和Manager App項bootstrap
修改配置文件/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/manager/META-INF/context.xml**
<Context antiResourceLocking="false" privileged="true" >
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve"
allow="192\.168\.100\.1|127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|::1|0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1" /> ##此處要容許宿主機的ip訪問
<Manager sessionAttributeValueClassNameFilter="java\.lang\.(?:Boolean|Integer|Long|Number|String)|org\.apache\.catalina\.filters\.CsrfPreventionFilter\$LruCache(?:\$1)?|java\.util\.(?:Linked)?HashMap"/>
</Context>
重啓tomcatvim
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp Using JRE_HOME: /usr Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar [root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp Using JRE_HOME: /usr Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar Tomcat started.
如今已經能夠進入Server status和Manager App了，點擊對應的按鈕，輸入密碼便可進入，頁面以下：
**可是如今還不能進入Host Managertomcat
修改配置文件/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/host-manager/META-INF/context.xml**服務器
<Context antiResourceLocking="false" privileged="true" >
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve"
allow="192\.168\.100\.1|127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|::1|0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1" /> ##一樣加上容許宿主機ip訪問
<Manager sessionAttributeValueClassNameFilter="java\.lang\.(?:Boolean|Integer|Long|Number|String)|org\.apache\.catalina\.filters\.CsrfPreventionFilter\$LruCache(?:\$1)?|java\.util\.(?:Linked)?HashMap"/>
</Context>
重啓tomcat服務session
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp Using JRE_HOME: /usr Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar [root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp Using JRE_HOME: /usr Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar Tomcat started.
點擊Host Manager的按鈕，輸入密碼便可進入，頁面以下：