SpringMVC 應用開發html
1、Spring MVC介紹java
Spring MVC屬於SpringFrameWork的後續產品,已經融合在SpringWeb Flow裏面。Spring 框架提供了構建 Web 應用程序的全功能 MVC 模塊。jquery
2、在項目中引入Spring MVCweb
1、Spring配置文件類別spring
若是你的項目是使用Spring框架進行構建開發的,並使用了Spring註解,那麼咱們在路徑…/WEB-INF下的配置文件會包含:web.xml和applicationContext.xml,其中web.xml文件配置了Spring的字符集過濾器和默認的歡迎頁面;applicationContext.xml文件裏配置了須要掃描註解的包路徑以及jdbcTemplate的Bean之類的內容。apache
2、使用SpringMVC時需新增的配置文件json
若是要引入SpringMVC,咱們須要在web.xml裏面添加請求轉發控制器DispatcherServlet,用於接收前段頁面請求,將業務處理邏輯跳轉到指定的對象方法。另外,還須要添加一個配置文件,默認名稱是controller-servlet.xml,其中包括內部資源視圖跳轉的配置、待掃描註解的包路徑配置、啓動Spring MVC的註解功能以完成請求和註解POJO映射的配置、字符串處理配置等。spring-mvc
詳細的配置文件以及說明會在文檔最後給出。session
3、web.xml重點配置內容mvc
(1)字符串過濾器
<filter>
<description>字符集過濾器</description>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<description>字符集編碼</description>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
(2)DispatcherServlet配置
<!-- Controller 配置,相似於struts2中的action -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>controller</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>controller</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
(3)ContextLoaderListener配置
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
4、applicationContext.xml重點配置
<!—啓用註解設置 -->
<context:annotation-config/>
<!--註解對象掃描設置 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="comNaNcc.annotation"></context:component-scan>
5、controller-servlet.xml重點配置
<!—啓用註解設置 -->
<context:annotation-config/>
<!--註解對象掃描設置 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="comNaNcc.annotation.action"/>
<!--action頁面跳轉設置,設置view(視圖)文件的前綴和後綴 -->
<bean
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
p:prefix="/view/"p:suffix="" />
#說明:若是後綴是空,那麼在跳轉代碼邏輯裏面,須要寫完整的跳轉目標後綴,如return 「userPage/user.jsp」或return 「userPage/user.html」或return 「userPage/user」
<!-- 從請求和響應處讀取/編寫字符串 -->
<bean id="stringHttpMessage"class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
<property name="supportedMediaTypes">
<list>
<value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 將對象轉換成json -->
<bean id="jsonConverter"class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter"></bean>
<!-- 避免IE執行AJAX時,返回JSON出現下載文件 -->
<bean id="mappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter"
class="com.alibaba.fastjson.support.spring.FastJsonHttpMessageConverter">
<property name="supportedMediaTypes">
<list>
<value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value>
<value>application/json</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 啓動Spring MVC的註解功能,完成請求和註解POJO的映射 -->
<bean
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter">
<property name="messageConverters">
<list>
<!-- <refbean="mappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter" />json轉換器 -->
<ref bean="stringHttpMessage"/>
<ref bean="jsonConverter"/>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<!--攔截器配置-->
<mvc:interceptors>
<!-- 國際化操做攔截器若是採用基於(請求/Session/Cookie)則必需配置 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.i18n.LocaleChangeInterceptor"/>
</mvc:interceptors>
3、代碼編寫
咱們設定項目默認頁面是index.jsp,並在頁面上調用業務邏輯處理的java類。
在index.jsp頁面上添加代碼:
<h3>用戶信息操做:form提交add.do,傳遞表單參數</h3>
<form action="user/add.do"method="post">
姓名:<input type="text"name="userid"></input><br/>
號碼:<input type="text"name="phone"></input><br/>
生日:<input type="text"name="birth"></input><br/>
<input type="submit"value="提交"/>
</form>
點擊提交按鈕後,Spring容器會去尋找user類中的add.do對應的方法。所以咱們須要指定一個類的別名映射爲user,並指定其中一個方法映射是add.do。
因爲在controller-servlet.xml文件中配置的註解掃描路徑是comNaNcc.annotation.action,咱們在該路徑下新增一個java文件,命名UserInfoController.java,新增方法public String add(params …){…}。
而後對這個類進行註解:
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
publicclassUserInfoController {
private SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
@RequestMapping("/add.do")
public String add(User user , Map<String, Object> map){
System.out.println("add finished !");
System.out.println(user.toString());
map.put("name", user.getUserid());
map.put("phone", user.getPhone());
map.put("birth", sdf.format(user.getBirth()));
return"userinfo/user_add.jsp";
}
須要說明的是,add()方法裏面有三個傳入參數:User,Date,Map。爲何要傳入這三個參數呢?由於SpringMVC在幫咱們作跳轉的時候,會將表單數據自動封裝給指定的對象bean。但若是對象屬性包含Date和Boolean之類的類型,就沒法綁定,解決方法就是要在類中配置表單數據編輯器,好比日期編輯器CustomDateEditor等。編輯器須要用到註解@InitBinder。寫法以下:
@InitBinder
publicvoidinitBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder bin){
CustomDateEditorcust = new CustomDateEditor(sdf,true);
bin.registerCustomEditor(Date.class,cust);
}
當頁面提交包含表單數據的請求時,SpringMVC會幫咱們把表單數據賦值給方法中的參數對象,前提是參數對象的屬性名與表單中的字段名一致。若是表單數據中包含日期等類型參數,須要經過參數編輯器進行解析。
而參數Map,則用於接收對象屬性值,並傳遞給跳轉的目的頁面userinfo/user_add.jsp,放到request中。頁面經過jquery獲取${paramName}獲取數據。該頁面的路徑是:
project---webContent---view---userinfo---user_add.jsp
說明:頁面跳轉設置,設置view(視圖)文件的前綴和後綴時,若是配置的是
<bean
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
p:prefix="/view/"p:suffix="" />
那麼待跳轉的視圖頁面都是放在view下面,若是在view路徑下再創建一個子類頁面路徑/userinfo,其中有user_add.jsp頁面,那麼經過return"userinfo/user_add.jsp";跳轉到該頁面中。
4、全部文件完整內容
1、web.xml
<?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaeehttp://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
<display-name>springAnnotation</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<filter>
<description>字符集過濾器</description>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<description>字符集編碼</description>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- Controller 配置,相似於struts2中的action -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>controller</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>controller</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<session-config>
<session-timeout>3000</session-timeout>
</session-config>
</web-app>
2、applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/task
http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.0.xsd ">
<!--Spring 配置 -->
<!--註解設置 -->
<context:annotation-config/>
<!--註解對象掃描設置 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.cmcc.annotation"></context:component-scan>
<!--properties文件掃描地址 -->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:conf.properties"/>
<bean id="jdbcTemplate"class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
<property name="dataSource"ref="dataSource"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="dataSource"class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"
destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClassName"value="${jdbc.driver}" />
<property name="url"value="${jdbc.url}" />
<property name="username"value="${jdbc.username}" />
<property name="password"value="${jdbc.password}" />
</bean>
</beans>
3、controller-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd ">
<!-- Spring mvc配置 -->
<!--註解對象掃描設置 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.cmcc.annotation.action"/>
<!--註解設置 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<!--action頁面跳轉設置,設置view(視圖)文件的前綴和後綴 -->
<bean
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
p:prefix="/view/" p:suffix=""/>
<!-- 從請求和響應處讀取/編寫字符串 -->
<bean id="stringHttpMessage"class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
<property name="supportedMediaTypes">
<list>
<value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 將對象轉換成json -->
<bean id="jsonConverter"class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter"></bean>
<!-- 避免IE執行AJAX時,返回JSON出現下載文件 -->
<bean id="mappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter"
class="com.alibaba.fastjson.support.spring.FastJsonHttpMessageConverter">
<property name="supportedMediaTypes">
<list>
<value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value>
<value>application/json</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 啓動Spring MVC的註解功能,完成請求和註解POJO的映射 -->
<bean
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter">
<property name="messageConverters">
<list>
<!-- <refbean="mappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter" />json轉換器 -->
<ref bean="stringHttpMessage"/>
<ref bean="jsonConverter"/>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<mvc:interceptors>
<!-- 國際化操做攔截器若是採用基於(請求/Session/Cookie)則必需配置 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.i18n.LocaleChangeInterceptor"/>
<!-- 若是不定義 mvc:mapping path 將攔截全部的URL請求 -->
<!-- <beanclass="comNaNcc.ercs.eec.filter.AuthInterceptor"></bean>-->
</mvc:interceptors>
<!-- 上傳文件解析器 -->
<bean id="multipartResolver"class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
<property name="maxUploadSize"value="100000000"/>
</bean>
</beans>
4、index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE htmlPUBLIC "-//W3C//DTDHTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type"content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Index</title>
<script src="<%=basePath%>js/jquery-1.7.2.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<h3>用戶信息操做:form提交add.do,傳遞表單參數</h3>
<form action="user/add.do"method="post">
姓名:<input type="text"name="userid"></input><br/>
號碼:<input type="text"name="phone"></input><br/>
生日:<input type="text"name="birth"></input><br/>
<input type="submit"value="提交"/>
</form>
<br></br>
</body>
</html>
5、user_add.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE htmlPUBLIC "-//W3C//DTDHTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type"content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>添加用戶</title>
<script src="<%=basePath%>js/jquery-1.7.2.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>完成用戶添加</h1>
${name }--${phone }--${birth}
</body>
</html>
下一篇會介紹SpringMVC跟Ajax的結合使用。