解決Python圖片處理模塊pillow使用中出現的問題

最近爬一個電影票房的網站（url： http://58921.com/alltime），上面總票房裏面實際上是一張圖片，那麼我須要把圖片識別成文字，來獲取票房數據。

 

我頭腦裏第一想到的解決方案就是要用tesseract3，別用2，經驗來講3相比2，對中文的支持更好一點。

 

而後，我開始使用pip安裝一系列相關的庫：

 

$ pip install Pillow
$ pip install pytesser3
$ pip install pytesseract

 

第一步，首先執行：

 

$ pip install pillow

 

出現報錯：

 

Collecting pillow
  Could not fetch URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/pillow/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: [SSL: TLSV1_ALERT_PROTOCOL_VERSION] tlsv1 alert protocol version (_ssl.c:661) - skipping
  Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement pillow (from versions: )
No matching distribution found for pillow

 

截圖以下：

 

 

個人第一反應是加個sudo，sudo pip install pillow來安裝，出現一樣報錯，截圖以下：

 

 

實際上是pip的版本低了，而後我嘗試更新pip版本，使用以下命令：

 

python -m pip install --upgrade pip

 

出現報錯：

 

Could not fetch URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/pip/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: [SSL: TLSV1_ALERT_PROTOCOL_VERSION] tlsv1 alert protocol version (_ssl.c:661) - skipping
Requirement already up-to-date: pip in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages

 

截圖以下：

 

 

仍是不行！

 

那麼，換一種方式更新pip，命令以下：

 

$ pip install -U pip

 

仍是出現報錯：

 

Could not fetch URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/pip/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: [SSL: TLSV1_ALERT_PROTOCOL_VERSION] tlsv1 alert protocol version (_ssl.c:661) - skipping
Requirement already up-to-date: pip in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages

 

截圖以下：

 

 

再換一種更新pip，命令以下：

 

curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python

 

注意一下後面，若是你是python3，那麼：

 

curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python3

 

終於能夠了！

 

最終解決方案參考至：

https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/5236

 

---

 

而後安裝pillow，命令以下：

 

$ pip install pillow

 

另外，建議使用pillow，PIL好多年前就停更了，如今pillow fork過來，而後一直在維護。

 

如今能夠使用最新的pip批量安裝上述的庫了。

 

---

 

 

後來寫了一個test.py，發現使用pytesseract.image_to_string()函數時，報下面的崩潰：

 

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/baorunchen/Documents/code/repo/python/advanced/image_recognition_test.py", line 29, in <module>
    main()
  File "/Users/baorunchen/Documents/code/repo/python/advanced/image_recognition_test.py", line 26, in main
    run_log(pytesseract.image_to_string(im))
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pytesseract/pytesseract.py", line 193, in image_to_string
    return run_and_get_output(image, 'txt', lang, config, nice)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pytesseract/pytesseract.py", line 140, in run_and_get_output
    run_tesseract(**kwargs)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pytesseract/pytesseract.py", line 111, in run_tesseract
    proc = subprocess.Popen(command, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py", line 390, in __init__
    errread, errwrite)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py", line 1024, in _execute_child
    raise child_exception
OSError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory

 

截圖以下：

 

 

緣由是：安裝Tesseract-OCR後，其不會被默認添加至環境變量path中，已致使報錯；

 

解決這個問題可參考網址：

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/35609773/oserror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-using-pytesser

 

解決方案：

先須要在mac環境上安裝tesseract這個庫：

 

$ brew install tesseract

 

又報錯了，以下：

 

touch: /usr/local/Homebrew/.git/FETCH_HEAD: Permission denied
touch: /usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/caskroom/homebrew-cask/.git/FETCH_HEAD: Permission denied
touch: /usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core/.git/FETCH_HEAD: Permission denied
fatal: Unable to create '/usr/local/Homebrew/.git/index.lock': Permission denied
error: could not lock config file .git/config: Permission denied
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/tesseract-3.05.01.high_sierra.bottle.tar.gz
Already downloaded: /Users/baorunchen/Library/Caches/Homebrew/tesseract-3.05.01.high_sierra.bottle.tar.gz
==> Pouring tesseract-3.05.01.high_sierra.bottle.tar.gz
Error: The `brew link` step did not complete successfully
The formula built, but is not symlinked into /usr/local
Could not symlink share/man/man1/ambiguous_words.1
/usr/local/share/man/man1 is not writable.
 
You can try again using:
  brew link tesseract
==> Summary
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/tesseract/3.05.01: 79 files, 38.7MB

 

截圖以下：

 

 

之間我嘗試更新brew，而後再brew install tesseract，沒什麼用；

 

$ brew update
$ sudo brew update
$ brew upgrade
$ brew cleanup
$ brew install tesseract

 

那麼，按照報錯提示執行下列命令：

 

$ brew link tesseract

 

出現下面報錯：

 

Linking /usr/local/Cellar/tesseract/3.05.01...
Error: Could not symlink share/man/man5/unicharambigs.5
/usr/local/share/man/man5 is not writable.

 

截圖以下：

 

 

嘗試解決brew link失敗的問題，參考網址：

https://blog.csdn.net/mingzznet/article/details/46659383

 

根據它的報錯提示，注意到了"/usr/local/share/man/man5 is not writable.」

這個文件不可寫，說明沒權限，那麼我把該文件加上當前用戶的權限，執行下列命令：

$ sudo chown ${USER} /usr/local/share/man/man5

 

而後繼續brew link tesseract，根據錯誤提示，執行相應語句，截圖以下：

 

 

進行下一步，參照網址：

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/35609773/oserror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-using-pytesser

 

須要在代碼裏添加：

 

pytesseract.pytesseract.tesseract_cmd = '<path-to-tesseract-bin>'

 

命令行輸入：

 

$ which tesseract

 

以前沒有brew link成功，執行上述命令的結果應該是：

 

tesseract not found

 

如今成功了，結果是：

 

/usr/local/bin/tesseract

 

那麼，在代碼裏添加：

 

pytesseract.pytesseract.tesseract_cmd = '/usr/local/bin/tesseract'

 

而後應該就沒有pytesseract.image_to_string()報錯的問題了。

 

---

附代碼：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
# @version: python 2.7.13
# @author: baorunchen(runchen0518@gmail.com)
# @date: 2018/5/4
import os
 
import time
from PIL import Image
import pytesseract
 
pytesseract.pytesseract.tesseract_cmd = '/usr/local/bin/tesseract'
 
pic_path = '/Users/baorunchen/Desktop/test.png'
 
 
def run_log(log):
    print time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime()), '-', log
 
 
def main():
    if not os.path.exists(pic_path):
        run_log('pic not exists!')
        exit(-1)
 
    im = Image.open(pic_path)
    run_log(pytesseract.image_to_string(im))
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()