#!/usr/bin/env python # encoding: utf-8 from flask import Flask app = Flask(__name__) @app.route('/') def index(): return 'hello world' if __name__ == '__main__': app.run(debug=True) #app.run(host='127.0.0.1', port=8000)
以後,訪問http://localhost:5000javascript
@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])html
多個url指向 java
@app.route('/')
python
@app.route('/index')mysql
無論post/get使用統一的接收 sql
from flask import request args = request.args if request.method == 'GET' else request.form a = args.get('a', 'default')
@app.route('/query/<qid>/') def query(qid): pass
通常能夠處理數據庫鏈接等等數據庫
from flask import g app = ..... @app.before_request def before_request(): g.session = create_session() @app.teardown_request def teardown_request(exception): g.session.close()
註冊Jinja2模板中使用的過濾器
json
@app.template_filter('reverse') def reverse_filter(s): return s[::-1]
或者
flask
def reverse_filter(s): return s[::-1] app.jinja_env.filters['reverse'] = reverse_filter
能夠這麼用
segmentfault
def a():... def b():... FIL = {'a': a, 'b':b} app.jinja_env.filters.update(FIL)
註冊Jinja2模板中使用的全局變量
JINJA2_GLOBALS = {'MEDIA_PREFIX': '/media/'} app.jinja_env.globals.update(JINJA2_GLOBALS)
app = Flask(__name__, template_folder=settings.TEMPLATE_FOLDER, static_folder = settings.STATIC_PATH) 使用Blueprint from flask import Blueprint bp_test = Blueprint('test', __name__) #bp_test = Blueprint('test', __name__, url_prefix='/abc') @bp_test.route('/') -------- from xxx import bp_test app = Flask(__name__) app.register_blueprint(bp_test)
包裝cookie實現的,沒有session id
app.secret_key = 'PS#yio`%_!((f_or(%)))s' 而後 from flask import session session['somekey'] = 1 session.pop('logged_in', None) session.clear() #過時時間,經過cookie實現的 from datetime import timedelta session.permanent = True app.permanent_session_lifetime = timedelta(minutes=5)
from flask import url_for, render_template @app.route("/") def home(): login_uri = url_for("login", next=url_for("home")) return render_template("home.html", **locals())
<form action="/image/upload/" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <input type="file" name="upload" /> 接收 f = request.files.get('upload') img_data = f.read()
直接返回某個文件
return send_file(settings.TEMPLATE_FOLDER + 'tweet/tweet_list.html')
文檔:http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/api/#flask.redirect
flask.redirect(location, code=302) the redirect status code. defaults to 302.Supported codes are 301, 302, 303, 305, and 307. 300 is not supported.
@app.route('/') def hello(): return redirect(url_for('foo')) @app.route('/foo') def foo(): return'Hello Foo!' from flask import abort @app.route('/*') def page404(): abort(404) @app.errorhandler(404) def page_not_found(e): print request.url + "\t404..." return render_template('page404.html'), 404
獲取用戶真實ip
從request.headers獲取 real_ip = request.headers.get('X-Real-Ip', request.remote_addr) 或者, 使用werkzeug的middleware 文檔 from werkzeug.contrib.fixers import ProxyFix app.wsgi_app = ProxyFix(app.wsgi_app)
#!/usr/bin/env python3 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import sys reload(sys) sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8') from commonFunc import * from flask import Flask, request, redirect, url_for app = Flask(__name__) @app.route('/') def index(): return redirect(url_for('username'), code=302) # URL跳轉,默認代碼是302,能夠省略 @app.route('/username', methods=['GET', 'POST']) def username(): HTML = '''<!DOCTYPE HTML> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"/> <title>Flask POST方法演示</title> </head> <body> {} <form action="" method="POST"> <textarea name="username" rows="30" cols="150"></textarea> <br> <input type="submit" name="enter" value="enter" style="width:60px;height:30px; font-size:14px; color:red;" /> </form> </body> </html>''' if request.method == 'GET': return HTML.format('') elif request.method == 'POST': if request.form['username']: urlList = request.form['username'].splitlines() resultStr = "" for url in urlList: resultStr += chkListPageContent(url, getUrlContent(url), "script") + "<br>" return HTML.format('<p>檢查結果<br><strong>{}</strong></p>'.format(resultStr)) else: return redirect(url_for('username')) if __name__ == '__main__': app.run(debug=True, host='127.0.0.1', port=8080)
request的header中 "Content-Type": "application/json" 處理時: data = request.get_json(silent=False) import json from flask import jsonify, Response, json data = [] # or others return jsonify(ok=True, data=data) jsonp_callback = request.args.get('callback', '') if jsonp_callback: return Response( "%s(%s);" % (jsonp_callback, json.dumps({'ok': True, 'data':data})), mimetype="text/javascript" ) return ok_jsonify(data)
{%for page in pages %} <tr><td><input type=checkbox name=do_delete value="{{ page['id'] }}"></td><td> {%endfor%} page_ids = request.form.getlist("do_delete")
# create our little application :) app = Flask(__name__) # Load default config and override config from an environment variable app.config.update(dict( DATABASE='/tmp/flaskr.db', DEBUG=True, SECRET_KEY='development key', USERNAME='admin', PASSWORD='default' )) app.config.from_envvar('FLASKR_SETTINGS', silent=True) ------------------ # configuration DATABASE = '/tmp/minitwit.db' PER_PAGE = 30 DEBUG = True SECRET_KEY = 'development key' # create our little application :) app = Flask(__name__) app.config.from_object(__name__) app.config.from_envvar('MINITWIT_SETTINGS', silent=True)
from flask import abort, flash abort if not session.get('logged_in'): abort(401) flash flash('New entry was successfully posted')
Flask中實現域名301重定向
固然,這是一種很是不明智的作法,只是一種臨時性的手段。301重定向應該由服務器層面的應用程序(好比NGINX,APACHE,IIS等)來完成。
代碼示例以下:
def RedirectMiddleWare(request): url = None domain = 'www.digwtx.com' try: host, port = request.host.split(':') path = request.path except: host = request.host port = 80 path = request.path if host != domain: print 'do 301' if port == 80: url = 'http://%s%s' % (domain, path) else: url = 'http://%s:%s%s' % (domain, port, path) return url
想在flask的一個請求中處理異步, 除了使用消息系統, 能夠用簡單的線程處理
from threading import Thread def async(f): def wrapper(*args, **kwargs): thr = Thread(target=f, args=args, kwargs=kwargs) thr.start() return wrapper @async def dosomething(call_args): print call_args in a request handler, call `dosomething`
1.直接 app.config['HOST']='xxx.a.com' print app.config.get('HOST') 2.環境變量 export MyAppConfig=/path/to/settings.cfg app.config.from_envvar('MyAppConfig') 3.對象 class Config(object): DEBUG = False TESTING = False DATABASE_URI = 'sqlite://:memory:' class ProductionConfig(Config): DATABASE_URI = 'mysql://user@localhost/foo' app.config.from_object(ProductionConfig) print app.config.get('DATABASE_URI') # mysql://user@localhost/foo 4.文件 # default_config.py HOST = 'localhost' PORT = 5000 DEBUG = True app.config.from_pyfile('default_config.py')
from flask import Flask, g def create_app(debug=settings.DEBUG): app = Flask(__name__, template_folder=settings.TEMPLATE_FOLDER, static_folder=settings.STATIC_FOLDER) app.register_blueprint(bp_test) app.jinja_env.globals.update(JINJA2_GLOBALS) app.jinja_env.filters.update(JINJA2_FILTERS) app.secret_key = 'PO+_)(*&678OUIJKKO#%_!(((%)))' @app.before_request def before_request(): g.xxx = ... #do some thing @app.teardown_request def teardown_request(exception): g.xxx = ... #do some thing return app app = create_app(settings.DEBUG) host=settings.SERVER_IP port=settings.SERVER_PORT app.run(host=host, port=port)
threaded 多線程支持,默認不開啓
processes 進程數量,默認爲1個
if __name__ == '__main__': #app.run(host='localhost', port=8080, debug=True) app.run(host='localhost', port=8080, threaded=True, debug=True) app.run(processes=10)
若是使用了Flask-Script來部署應用,能夠給runserver命令加上--threaded參數或者--processes N參數(參數意義同上)。例如:
python manage.py runserver --threaded
或者:
python manage.py runserver --processes 3
>>> import os >>> os.urandom(24) '\xca\x0c\x86\x04\x98@\x02b\x1b7\x8c\x88]\x1b\xd7"+\xe6px@\xc3#\\' 而後: app = Flask(__name__) app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = '\xca\x0c\x86\x04\x98@\x02b\x1b7\x8c\x88]\x1b\xd7"+\xe6px@\xc3#\\' # or app.secret_key = '\xca\x0c\x86\x04\x98@\x02b\x1b7\x8c\x88]\x1b\xd7"+\xe6px@\xc3#\\' # or app.config.update(SECRET_KEY='\xca\x0c\x86\x04\x98@\x02b\x1b7\x8c\x88]\x1b\xd7"+\xe6px@\xc3#\\')
>>> from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash >>> print generate_password_hash('123456') 'pbkdf2:sha1:1000$X97hPa3g$252c0cca000c3674b8ef7a2b8ecd409695aac370' >>> from werkzeug.security import check_password_hash >>> pwhash = 'pbkdf2:sha1:1000$X97hPa3g$252c0cca000c3674b8ef7a2b8ecd409695aac370' >>> print check_password_hash(pwhash, '123456') True
一、FLASK使用小結 http://wklken.me/posts/2013/09/09/python-framework-flask.html
二、Flask POST方法
http://www.itwhy.org/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B/python/flask-post%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95.html
三、Day 3: Flask —— 使用Python和OpenShift進行即時Web開發
http://segmentfault.com/a/1190000000351512
四、Flask Web Development —— 模板(中)
http://segmentfault.com/blog/young_ipython/1190000000755204
五、Flask技巧
http://flask123.sinaapp.com/category/flask-tips/
六、Python模板-Jinja2