MariaDB字符集編碼

時間 2020-04-05

標籤 mariadb 字符集編碼欄目字符編碼简体版

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MariaDB字符集編碼

查看數據庫支持的全部字符集

SHOW CHARACTER SET;

SHOW COLLATION;

一.查看編碼

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.mysql

Your MariaDB connection id is 2sql

Server version: 5.5.41-MariaDB MariaDB Server數據庫

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.spa

MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';命令行

+--------------------------+----------------------------+orm

| Variable_name | Value |server

+--------------------------+----------------------------+ci

| character_set_client | utf8 |rem

| character_set_connection | utf8 |

| character_set_database | latin1 |

| character_set_filesystem | binary |

| character_set_results | utf8 |

| character_set_server | latin1 |

| character_set_system | utf8 |

| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation%';

+----------------------+-------------------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+----------------------+-------------------+

| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |

| collation_database | latin1_swedish_ci |

| collation_server | latin1_swedish_ci |

+----------------------+-------------------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

默認是latin1,外部訪問數據亂碼的問題就出在這個connection鏈接層上

二.設置編碼

命令行修改
1. SET NAMES 'utf8';

它至關於下面的三句指令：

SET character_set_client = utf8;

SET character_set_results = utf8;

SET character_set_connection = utf8;

通常只有在訪問以前執行這個代碼就解決問題了

2. 建立數據庫是指定編碼

CREATE DATABASE database_name CHARACTER SET utf8;

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE foo CHARACTER SET utf8;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> USE foo;

Database changed

MariaDB [foo]> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| character_set_client | utf8 |

| character_set_connection | utf8 |

| character_set_database | utf8 |

| character_set_filesystem | binary |

| character_set_results | utf8 |

| character_set_server | latin1 |

| character_set_system | utf8 |

| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [foo]> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation%';

+----------------------+-------------------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+----------------------+-------------------+

| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |

| collation_database | utf8_general_ci |

| collation_server | latin1_swedish_ci |

+----------------------+-------------------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

注意：雖然在建庫的時候有指定字符集，但character_set_server 仍然是latin1, 須要修改配置文件/etc/my.cnf

3. 建立表指定編碼

CREATE TABLE `type` (

`id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment,

`flag_deleted` enum('Y','N') character set utf8 NOT NULL default 'N',

`flag_type` int(5) NOT NULL default '0',

`type_name` varchar(50) character set utf8 NOT NULL default '',

PRIMARY KEY (`id`)

) DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

示例：

CREATE TABLE mytable

(

columnn1 INT,

columnn2 VARCHAR(10)

)DEFAULT CHARACTER SET hebrew COLLATE hebrew_general_ci;

CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE mytable

(columnn1 INT,

columnn2 VARCHAR(10),

column3 VARCHAR(10) CHARACTER SET latin1 COLLATE latin1_general_ci

)DEFAULT CHARACTER SET hebrew COLLATE hebrew_general_ci;

SELECT * FROM customers ORDER BY lastname, firstname COLLATE latin1_general_cs;

還能夠限制某個字段的字符集做爲篩選條件

4. 修改數據庫成utf8

ALTER DATABASE database_name CHARACTER SET utf8;

5. 修改表默認用utf8

ALTER TABLE table_name CHARACTER SET utf8;

6. 修改字段用utf8

MariaDB [foo]> DESC hello;

+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+

+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| id | int(10) | YES | | NULL | |

+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [foo]> ALTER TABLE hello MODIFY name char(50) CHARACTER SET utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

配置文件

Linux下通常是 /etc/my.cnf，Windows下通常在系統目錄下或者在MySQL的安裝目錄下名字叫my.ini

[mysqld]

character_set_server = utf8

lower_case_table_names = 1 //表名不區分大小寫（此與編碼無關）

[mysqld_safe]

character_set_server = utf8

[mysql]

default-character-set = utf8

[mysql.server]

default-character-set = utf8

[client]

default-character-set = utf8

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MariaDB connection id is 2

Server version: 5.5.41-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation%';

+----------------------+-----------------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+----------------------+-----------------+

| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |

| collation_database | utf8_general_ci |

| collation_server | utf8_general_ci |

+----------------------+-----------------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| character_set_client | utf8 |

| character_set_connection | utf8 |

| character_set_database | utf8 |

| character_set_filesystem | binary |

| character_set_results | utf8 |

| character_set_server | utf8 |

| character_set_system | utf8 |

| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

注意：新版本的mariadb,如mariadb-10.1的配置些許有些變化

[mysqld]

init_connect = 'SET collation_connection = utf8_general_ci'

init_connect = 'SET NAMES utf8'

character_set_server = utf8

collation_server = utf8_general_ci

[mysqld_safe]

init_connect = 'SET collation_connection = utf8_general_ci'

init_connect = 'SET NAMES utf8'

character_set_server = utf8

collation_server = utf8_general_ci

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