MySQL單表查詢

MySQL之單表查詢

建立表

# 建立表
mysql> create table company.employee5(
    id int primary key AUTO_INCREMENT not null,
    name varchar(30) not null,
    sex enum('male','female') default 'male' not null,
    hire_date date not null,
    post varchar(50) not null,
    job_description varchar(100),
    salary double(15,2) not null,
    office int,
    dep_id int
    );

# 插入數據
mysql> insert into company.employee5(name,sex,hire_date,post,job_description,salary,office,dep_id) values 
    ('jack','male','20180202','instructor','teach',5000,501,100),
    ('tom','male','20180203','instructor','teach',5500,501,100),
    ('robin','male','20180202','instructor','teach',8000,501,100),
    ('alice','female','20180202','instructor','teach',7200,501,100),
    ('tianyun','male','20180202','hr','hrcc',600,502,101),
    ('harry','male','20180202','hr',NULL,6000,502,101),
    ('emma','female','20180206','sale','salecc',20000,503,102),
    ('christine','female','20180205','sale','salecc',2200,503,102),
    ('zhuzhu','male','20180205','sale',NULL,2200,503,102),
    ('gougou','male','20180205','sale','',2200,503,102);

# 查看錶結構
mysql> desc employee5;
+-----------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field           | Type                  | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+-----------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id              | int(11)               | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| name            | varchar(30)           | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| sex             | enum('male','female') | NO   |     | male    |                |
| hire_date       | date                  | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| post            | varchar(50)           | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| job_description | varchar(100)          | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| salary          | double(15,2)          | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| office          | int(11)               | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| dep_id          | int(11)               | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
+-----------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

查詢語法

SELECT 字段1,字段2... FROM 表名
                  WHERE 條件
                  GROUP BY field
                  HAVING 篩選
                  ORDER BY field
                  LIMIT 限制條數；

查看錶中全部數據

mysql> select * from employee5;
+----+-----------+--------+------------+------------+-----------------+----------+--------+--------+
| id | name      | sex    | hire_date  | post       | job_description | salary   | office | dep_id |
+----+-----------+--------+------------+------------+-----------------+----------+--------+--------+
|  1 | jack      | male   | 2018-02-02 | instructor | teach           |  5000.00 |    501 |    100 |
|  2 | tom       | male   | 2018-02-03 | instructor | teach           |  5500.00 |    501 |    100 |
|  3 | robin     | male   | 2018-02-02 | instructor | teach           |  8000.00 |    501 |    100 |
|  4 | alice     | female | 2018-02-02 | instructor | teach           |  7200.00 |    501 |    100 |
|  5 | tianyun   | male   | 2018-02-02 | hr         | hrcc            |   600.00 |    502 |    101 |
|  6 | harry     | male   | 2018-02-02 | hr         | NULL            |  6000.00 |    502 |    101 |
|  7 | emma      | female | 2018-02-06 | sale       | salecc          | 20000.00 |    503 |    102 |
|  8 | christine | female | 2018-02-05 | sale       | salecc          |  2200.00 |    503 |    102 |
|  9 | zhuzhu    | male   | 2018-02-05 | sale       | NULL            |  2200.00 |    503 |    102 |
| 10 | gougou    | male   | 2018-02-05 | sale       |                 |  2200.00 |    503 |    102 |
+----+-----------+--------+------------+------------+-----------------+----------+--------+--------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

簡單查詢

簡單查詢

mysql> SELECT * FROM employee5;

mysql> SELECT name, salary, dep_id FROM employee5;

去重DISTINCT

mysql> SELECT post FROM employee5;

mysql> SELECT DISTINCT post  FROM employee5;

注：不能部分使用DISTINCT，一般僅用於某一字段。

經過四則運算查詢

mysql> SELECT name, salary, salary*14 FROM employee5;

mysql> SELECT name, salary, salary*14 AS Annual_salary FROM employee5;

mysql> SELECT name, salary, salary*14 Annual_salary FROM employee5;

定義顯示格式

CONCAT() 函數用於鏈接字符串

mysql> SELECT CONCAT(name, ' annual salary: ', salary*14)  AS Annual_salary FROM employee5;

條件查詢

a、語法
    select * from 表名 where 條件
b、比較運算符
    大於    小於    大於等於    小於等於    不等於
    >        <        >=            <=            !=或<>

c、邏輯運算符
    而且    或者    非
    and        or        not

d、模糊查詢
    like
    %           表示任意多個任意字符
    _           表示一個任意字符

e、範圍查詢
    in                  表示在一個非連續的範圍內
    between...and...    表示在一個連續的範圍內

f、空判斷
    判斷空：is null
    判斷非空：is not null 

g、優先級
    小括號,not 比較運算符， 邏輯運算符
    and比or優先級高，若是同時出現並但願先選or，須要結合()來使用

單條件查詢

mysql> SELECT name,post FROM employee5 WHERE post='hr';

多條件查詢

mysql> SELECT name,salary FROM employee5 WHERE post='hr' AND salary>5000;

關鍵字 BETWEEN AND查詢

mysql> SELECT name,salary FROM employee5 WHERE salary BETWEEN 5000 AND 15000;

mysql> SELECT name,salary FROM employee5 WHERE salary NOT BETWEEN 5000 AND 15000;

關鍵字 IS NULL 查詢

mysql> SELECT name,job_description FROM employee5 WHERE job_description IS NULL;

mysql> SELECT name,job_description FROM employee5 WHERE job_description IS NOT NULL;

mysql> SELECT name,job_description FROM employee5 WHERE job_description='';

關鍵字IN集合查詢

mysql> SELECT name, salary FROM employee5 WHERE salary=4000 OR salary=5000 OR salary=6000 OR salary=9000 ;

mysql> SELECT name, salary FROM employee5 WHERE salary IN (4000,5000,6000,9000) ;

mysql> SELECT name, salary FROM employee5 WHERE salary NOT IN (4000,5000,6000,9000) ;

關鍵字LIKE模糊查詢

通配符’%’
mysql> SELECT * FROM employee5 WHERE name LIKE 'al%';

通配符’_’
mysql> SELECT * FROM employee5 WHERE name LIKE 'al___';

查詢排序

按單列排序

mysql> SELECT * FROM employee5 ORDER BY salary;

mysql> SELECT name, salary FROM employee5 ORDER BY salary ASC;

mysql> SELECT name, salary FROM employee5 ORDER BY salary DESC;

按多列排序

mysql> SELECT * FROM employee5 ORDER BY hire_date DESC,salary ASC;

# 先按入職時間，再按薪水排序
mysql> SELECT * FROM employee5 ORDER BY hire_date DESC, salary DESC;

# 先按職位，再按薪水排序
mysql> SELECT * FROM employee5 ORDER BY post, salary DESC;

分頁查詢 limit

mysql> SELECT * FROM employee5 ORDER BY salary DESC LIMIT 5;      //默認初始位置爲0

mysql> SELECT * FROM employee5 ORDER BY salary DESC LIMIT 0,5;

mysql> SELECT * FROM employee5 ORDER BY salary DESC LIMIT 3,5;      //從第4條開始，共顯示5條

聚合函數查詢

    a、count(*)       表示計算總行數，括號中能夠寫*和列名
    b、max(列)        表示求此列的最大值
    c、min(列)        表示求此列的最小值
    d、sun(列)        表示求此列的和
    e、avg(列)        表示求此列的平均值
    
mysql> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employee5;
mysql> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employee5 WHERE dep_id=101;
mysql> SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employee5;
mysql> SELECT MIN(salary) FROM employee5;
mysql> SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employee5;
mysql> SELECT SUM(salary) FROM employee5;
mysql> SELECT SUM(salary) FROM employee5 WHERE dep_id=101;

分組查詢

單獨使用GROUP BY關鍵字分組
mysql> SELECT post FROM employee5 GROUP BY post;

注意：咱們按照post字段分組，那麼select查詢的字段只能是post，想要獲取組內的其餘相關信息，須要藉助函數

GROUP BY關鍵字和group_concat()函數一塊兒使用

# 按照id分組，並查看組內成員
mysql> SELECT dep_id,GROUP_CONCAT(name) FROM employee5 GROUP BY dep_id;

mysql> SELECT dep_id,GROUP_CONCAT(name) as emp_members FROM employee5 GROUP BY dep_id;

GROUP BY和集合函數一塊兒使用

# 按照dep_id 分組， 並計算組內成員工資總和
mysql> SELECT dep_id,SUM(salary) FROM employee5 GROUP BY dep_id;

# 按照dep_id分組，並計算組內成員工資平均值
mysql> SELECT dep_id,AVG(salary) FROM employee5 GROUP BY dep_id;

正則表達式查詢

mysql> SELECT * FROM employee5 WHERE name REGEXP '^j';

mysql> SELECT * FROM employee5 WHERE salary REGEXP '[5]+.*';

mysql> SELECT * FROM employee5 WHERE salary REGEXP '[5]{2}.*';