當網關和服務在實施全鏈路分佈式灰度發佈和路由時候,咱們須要一款追蹤系統來監控網關和服務走的是哪一個灰度組,哪一個灰度版本,哪一個灰度區域,甚至監控從Http Header頭部全程傳遞的灰度規則和路由策略。這個功能意義在於:java
筆者嘗試調研了一系列分佈式追蹤系統和中間件,包括Opentracing、Uber Jaeger、Twitter Zipkin、Apache Skywalking、Pinpoint、CAT等,最後決定採用Opentracing + Uber Jaeger方式來實現,重要緣由除了易用性和可擴展性外,Opentracing支持WebMvc和WebFlux兩種方式,業界的追蹤系統能支持WebFlux相對較少git
[**OpenTracing**] OpenTracing已進入CNCF,正在爲全球的分佈式追蹤系統提供統一的概念、規範、架構和數據標準。它經過提供平臺無關、廠商無關的API,使得開發人員可以方便的添加(或更換)追蹤系統的實現。對於存在多樣化的技術棧共存的調用鏈中,Opentracing適配Java、C、Go和.Net等技術棧,實現全鏈路分佈式追蹤功能。迄今爲止,Uber Jaeger、Twitter Zipkin和Apache Skywalking已經適配了Opentracing規範github
筆者以Nepxion社區的Discovery開源框架(對該開源框架感興趣的同窗,請訪問以下連接)爲例子展開整合spring
源碼主頁,請訪問github.com/Nepxion/Dis…微信
指南主頁,請訪問github.com/Nepxion/Dis…架構
文檔主頁,請訪問pan.baidu.com/s/1i57rXaNK…app
整合的效果圖框架
灰度調用鏈主要包括以下11個參數。使用者能夠自行定義要傳遞的調用鏈參數,例如:traceId, spanId等;也能夠自行定義要傳遞的業務調用鏈參數,例如:mobile, user等分佈式
1. n-d-service-group - 服務所屬組或者應用
2. n-d-service-type - 服務類型,分爲「網關」和「服務」
3. n-d-service-id - 服務ID
4. n-d-service-address - 服務地址,包括Host和Port
5. n-d-service-version - 服務版本
6. n-d-service-region - 服務所屬區域
7. n-d-version - 版本路由值
8. n-d-region - 區域路由值
9. n-d-address - 地址路由值
10. n-d-version-weight - 版本權重路由值
11. n-d-region-weight - 區域權重路由值複製代碼
源碼參考github.com/Nepxion/Dis…ide
因爲OpenTracing擴展須要兼顧到Spring Cloud Gateway、Zuul和服務,它的核心邏輯存在着必定的可封裝性,因此筆者抽取出一個公共模塊discovery-plugin-strategy-opentracing,包含configuration、operation、context等模塊,着重闡述operation模塊,其它比較簡單,不一一贅述了
在闡述前,筆者須要解釋一個配置,該配置將決定核心實現以及終端界面的顯示
# 啓動和關閉調用鏈的灰度信息在Opentracing中以獨立的Span節點輸出,若是關閉,則灰度信息輸出到原生的Span節點中。缺失則默認爲true
spring.application.strategy.trace.opentracing.separate.span.enabled=true複製代碼
Opentracing公共操做類 - StrategyOpentracingOperation.java
public class StrategyOpentracingOperation {
private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(StrategyOpentracingOperation.class);
@Autowired
protected PluginAdapter pluginAdapter;
@Autowired
protected StrategyContextHolder strategyContextHolder;
@Autowired
private Tracer tracer;
@Value("${" + StrategyOpentracingConstant.SPRING_APPLICATION_STRATEGY_TRACE_OPENTRACING_ENABLED + ":false}")
protected Boolean traceOpentracingEnabled;
@Value("${" + StrategyOpentracingConstant.SPRING_APPLICATION_STRATEGY_TRACE_OPENTRACING_SEPARATE_SPAN_ENABLED + ":true}")
protected Boolean traceOpentracingSeparateSpanEnabled;
public void opentracingInitialize() {
if (!traceOpentracingEnabled) {
return;
}
if (!traceOpentracingSeparateSpanEnabled) {
return;
}
Span span = tracer.buildSpan(DiscoveryConstant.SPAN_VALUE).start();
StrategyOpentracingContext.getCurrentContext().setSpan(span);
LOG.debug("Trace chain for Opentracing initialized...");
}
public void opentracingHeader(Map<String, String> customizationMap) {
if (!traceOpentracingEnabled) {
return;
}
Span span = getCurrentSpan();
if (span == null) {
LOG.error("Span not found in context to opentracing header");
return;
}
if (MapUtils.isNotEmpty(customizationMap)) {
for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : customizationMap.entrySet()) {
span.setTag(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
}
}
if (traceOpentracingSeparateSpanEnabled) {
span.setTag(Tags.COMPONENT.getKey(), DiscoveryConstant.TAG_COMPONENT_VALUE);
}
span.setTag(DiscoveryConstant.PLUGIN, DiscoveryConstant.PLUGIN_VALUE);
span.setTag(DiscoveryConstant.TRACE_ID, span.context().toTraceId());
span.setTag(DiscoveryConstant.SPAN_ID, span.context().toSpanId());
span.setTag(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_GROUP, strategyContextHolder.getHeader(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_GROUP));
...
String routeVersion = strategyContextHolder.getHeader(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_VERSION);
if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(routeVersion)) {
span.setTag(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_VERSION, routeVersion);
}
...
LOG.debug("Trace chain information outputs to Opentracing...");
}
public void opentracingLocal(String className, String methodName, Map<String, String> customizationMap) {
if (!traceOpentracingEnabled) {
return;
}
Span span = getCurrentSpan();
if (span == null) {
LOG.error("Span not found in context to opentracing local");
return;
}
if (MapUtils.isNotEmpty(customizationMap)) {
for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : customizationMap.entrySet()) {
span.setTag(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
}
}
if (traceOpentracingSeparateSpanEnabled) {
span.setTag(Tags.COMPONENT.getKey(), DiscoveryConstant.TAG_COMPONENT_VALUE);
}
span.setTag(DiscoveryConstant.PLUGIN, DiscoveryConstant.PLUGIN_VALUE);
span.setTag(DiscoveryConstant.CLASS, className);
span.setTag(DiscoveryConstant.METHOD, methodName);
span.setTag(DiscoveryConstant.TRACE_ID, span.context().toTraceId());
span.setTag(DiscoveryConstant.SPAN_ID, span.context().toSpanId());
span.setTag(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_GROUP, pluginAdapter.getGroup());
...
String routeVersion = strategyContextHolder.getHeader(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_VERSION);
if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(routeVersion)) {
span.setTag(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_VERSION, routeVersion);
}
...
LOG.debug("Trace chain information outputs to Opentracing...");
}
public void opentracingError(String className, String methodName, Throwable e) {
if (!traceOpentracingEnabled) {
return;
}
if (!traceOpentracingSeparateSpanEnabled) {
return;
}
Span span = getCurrentSpan();
if (span == null) {
LOG.error("Span not found in context to opentracing error");
return;
}
span.log(new ImmutableMap.Builder<String, Object>()
.put(DiscoveryConstant.CLASS, className)
.put(DiscoveryConstant.METHOD, methodName)
.put(DiscoveryConstant.EVENT, Tags.ERROR.getKey())
.put(DiscoveryConstant.ERROR_OBJECT, e)
.build());
LOG.debug("Trace chain error outputs to Opentracing...");
}
public void opentracingClear() {
if (!traceOpentracingEnabled) {
return;
}
if (!traceOpentracingSeparateSpanEnabled) {
return;
}
Span span = getCurrentSpan();
if (span != null) {
span.finish();
} else {
LOG.error("Span not found in context to opentracing clear");
}
StrategyOpentracingContext.clearCurrentContext();
LOG.debug("Trace chain context of Opentracing cleared...");
}
public Span getCurrentSpan() {
return traceOpentracingSeparateSpanEnabled ? StrategyOpentracingContext.getCurrentContext().getSpan() : tracer.activeSpan();
}
public String getTraceId() {
if (!traceOpentracingEnabled) {
return null;
}
Span span = getCurrentSpan();
if (span != null) {
return span.context().toTraceId();
}
return null;
}
public String getSpanId() {
if (!traceOpentracingEnabled) {
return null;
}
Span span = getCurrentSpan();
if (span != null) {
return span.context().toSpanId();
}
return null;
}
}複製代碼
實現OpenTracing對服務的擴展,包含configuration、tracer等模塊,着重闡述tracer模塊,其它比較簡單,不一一贅述了
Opentracing的服務追蹤類 - DefaultServiceStrategyOpentracingTracer.java
public class DefaultServiceStrategyOpentracingTracer extends DefaultServiceStrategyTracer {
@Autowired
private StrategyOpentracingOperation strategyOpentracingOperation;
@Override
public void trace(ServiceStrategyTracerInterceptor interceptor, MethodInvocation invocation) {
strategyOpentracingOperation.opentracingInitialize();
super.trace(interceptor, invocation);
strategyOpentracingOperation.opentracingLocal(interceptor.getMethod(invocation).getDeclaringClass().getName(), interceptor.getMethodName(invocation), getCustomizationMap());
}
@Override
public void error(ServiceStrategyTracerInterceptor interceptor, MethodInvocation invocation, Throwable e) {
super.error(interceptor, invocation, e);
strategyOpentracingOperation.opentracingError(interceptor.getMethod(invocation).getDeclaringClass().getName(), interceptor.getMethodName(invocation), e);
}
@Override
public void release(ServiceStrategyTracerInterceptor interceptor, MethodInvocation invocation) {
super.release(interceptor, invocation);
strategyOpentracingOperation.opentracingClear();
}
@Override
public String getTraceId() {
return strategyOpentracingOperation.getTraceId();
}
@Override
public String getSpanId() {
return strategyOpentracingOperation.getSpanId();
}
}複製代碼
實現OpenTracing對Spring Cloud Gateway的擴展,跟discovery-plugin-strategy-starter-service-opentracing模塊相似,不一一贅述了
實現OpenTracing對Zuul的擴展,跟discovery-plugin-strategy-starter-service-opentracing模塊相似,不一一贅述了
Opentracing輸出方式以Uber Jaeger爲例來講明,步驟很是簡單
對於Opentracing調用鏈功能的開啓和關閉,須要經過以下開關作控制:
# 啓動和關閉調用鏈。缺失則默認爲false
spring.application.strategy.trace.enabled=true
# 啓動和關閉調用鏈的Opentracing輸出,支持F版或更高版本的配置,其它版本不須要該行配置。缺失則默認爲false
spring.application.strategy.trace.opentracing.enabled=true
# 啓動和關閉調用鏈的灰度信息在Opentracing中以獨立的Span節點輸出,若是關閉,則灰度信息輸出到原生的Span節點中。缺失則默認爲true
spring.application.strategy.trace.opentracing.separate.span.enabled=true複製代碼
自定義調用鏈上下文參數的建立(該類不是必須的),繼承DefaultStrategyTracerAdapter
// 自定義調用鏈上下文參數的建立
// 對於getTraceId和getSpanId方法,在Opentracing等調用鏈中間件引入的狀況下,由調用鏈中間件決定,在這裏定義不會起做用;在Opentracing等調用鏈中間件未引入的狀況下,在這裏定義纔有效,下面代碼中表示從Http Header中獲取,並全鏈路傳遞
// 對於getCustomizationMap方法,表示輸出到調用鏈中的定製化業務參數,能夠同時輸出到日誌和Opentracing等調用鏈中間件,下面代碼中表示從Http Header中獲取,並全鏈路傳遞
public class MyStrategyTracerAdapter extends DefaultStrategyTracerAdapter {
@Override
public String getTraceId() {
return StringUtils.isNotEmpty(strategyContextHolder.getHeader(DiscoveryConstant.TRACE_ID)) ? strategyContextHolder.getHeader(DiscoveryConstant.TRACE_ID) : StringUtils.EMPTY;
}
@Override
public String getSpanId() {
return StringUtils.isNotEmpty(strategyContextHolder.getHeader(DiscoveryConstant.SPAN_ID)) ? strategyContextHolder.getHeader(DiscoveryConstant.SPAN_ID) : StringUtils.EMPTY;
}
@Override
public Map<String, String> getCustomizationMap() {
return new ImmutableMap.Builder<String, String>()
.put("mobile", StringUtils.isNotEmpty(strategyContextHolder.getHeader("mobile")) ? strategyContextHolder.getHeader("mobile") : StringUtils.EMPTY)
.put("user", StringUtils.isNotEmpty(strategyContextHolder.getHeader("user")) ? strategyContextHolder.getHeader("user") : StringUtils.EMPTY)
.build();
}
}
複製代碼
在配置類裏@Bean方式進行調用鏈類建立,覆蓋框架內置的調用鏈類
@Bean
public StrategyTracerAdapter strategyTracerAdapter() {
return new MyStrategyTracerAdapter();
}複製代碼
任浩軍, 10 多年開源經歷,Github ID:@HaojunRen,Nepxion 開源社區創始人,Nacos Group Member,Spring Cloud Alibaba & Nacos & Sentinel Committer
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