1、什麼時候觸發這兩個事件?javascript
一、當 onload
事件觸發時,頁面上全部的DOM,樣式表,腳本,圖片,flash都已經加載完成了。css
二、當 DOMContentLoaded
事件觸發時,僅當DOM加載完成,不包括樣式表,圖片,flash。html
2、爲何要區分?前端
開發中咱們常常須要給一些元素的事件綁定處理函數。但問題是,若是那個元素尚未加載到頁面上,可是綁定事件已經執行完了,是沒有效果的。這兩個事件大體就是用來避免這樣一種狀況,將綁定的函數放在這兩個事件的回調中,保證能在頁面的某些元素加載完畢以後再綁定事件的函數。java
固然DOMContentLoaded機制更加合理,由於咱們能夠容忍圖片,flash延遲加載,卻不能夠容忍看見內容後頁面不可交互。jquery
這裏又要牽扯到頁面加載渲染的原理了:web
一、加載樣式表會阻塞外鏈腳本的執行promise
一些Gecko和Webkit引擎版本的瀏覽器,包括IE8在內,會同時發起多個Http請求來並行下在樣式表和腳本。但腳本不會被執行,直到樣式被加載完成。在未加載完以前甚至頁面也不會被渲染。可是在opera中樣式的加載不會阻塞腳本的執行。瀏覽器
所以:目前通用的做法是把腳本和樣式都之外鍊形式引入,甚至在jquery的官方文檔中也是這樣推薦的。對於大部分腳原本說,這樣的腳本等待外鏈的機制仍是有意義的,好比一些DOM和樣式操做須要讀取元素的位置,顏色等。這就須要樣式先於腳本加載前端框架
檢驗方法:嘗試強制使服務器端使style延遲一段時間才加載(甚至10秒),測試的結果是,在某些版本的Firefox,Chrome中最後一段腳本仍然是能夠讀出style的屬性值(由於style始終先於javascript加載),好比#FF0000或者rgb(255, 0, 0),而這驗證了我上面的說法。而在opera中卻沒法讀出style的屬性。代碼以下:
html 文件內容 <!DOCTYPE html> <head> <linkrel="stylesheet"href="stylesheet.css"> <scriptsrc="script.js"></script> </head> <body> <divid="element">The element</div>< /body> </html> stylesheet.css 文件內容 #element { color: red; } script.js文件內容 document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',function(){ alert(getComputedStyle(document.getElementById('element'),null).color);}, false);
二、各大javascript框架如何實現domReady事件的
早期版本的瀏覽器是沒有DOMContentLoaded事件的那麼它們怎麼模擬實現相似功能呢?先來講說原理
(1)、若是是webkit引擎則輪詢document的readyState屬性,當值爲loaded或者complete時則觸發DOMContentLoaded事件,對webkit525以後版本直接能夠註冊DOMContentLoaded事件
if(Browser.Engine.webkit){ timer = window.setInterval(function(){ if(/loaded|complete/.test(document.readyState)) fireContentLoadedEvent(); },0); }
(2)、IE處理方式有多種
a、在頁面臨時插入一個script元素,並設置defer屬性,最後把該腳本加載完成視做DOMContentLoaded事件來觸發。這樣作有一個問題是,若是插入腳本的頁面包含iframe的話,會等到iframe加載完才觸發,其實這與onload是無異的。即這個方法不許確。
b、經過setTiemout來不斷的調用documentElement的doScroll方法,直到調用成功則出觸發DOMContentLoaded。這樣作的原理是在IE下,DOM的某些方法只有在DOM解析完成後才能夠調用,doScroll就是這樣一個方法,反過來當能調用doScroll的時候便是DOM解析完成之時,與prototype中的document.write相比,該方案能夠解決頁面有iframe時失效的問題
c、首先註冊document的onreadystatechange事件,但經測試後該方法與window.onload至關,效果不大。下面是jquery作的兼容性處理代碼。
document.attachEvent("onreadystatechange", function(){ if( document.readyState ==="complete"){ document.detachEvent("onreadystatechange", arguments.callee ); jQuery.ready();} });
接下來具體看一看幾大前端框架是如何綜合運用這幾個方法的。
jQuery.ready.promise = function( obj ) {//定義一個狀態機 if ( !readyList ) {//保證頁面只建立一個延遲對象,屢次使用$.ready() 則直接使用延遲對象done方法加入回調隊列 readyList = jQuery.Deferred();//異步延遲對象 // readyRE = /complete|loaded|interactive/, // Catch cases where $(document).ready() is called after the browser event has already occurred. // we once tried to use readyState "interactive" here, but it caused issues like the one // discovered by ChrisS here: http://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/12282#comment:15 if ( document.readyState === "complete" ) {//
這個屬性是隻讀的,傳回值有如下的可能:
//0-UNINITIALIZED:XML 對象被產生,但沒有任何文件被加載。
//1-LOADING:加載程序進行中,但文件還沒有開始解析。
//2-LOADED:部分的文件已經加載且進行解析,但對象模型還沒有生效。
//3-INTERACTIVE:僅對已加載的部分文件有效,在此狀況下,對象模型是有效但只讀的。
//4-COMPLETED:文件已徹底加載,表明加載成功
// Handle it asynchronously to allow scripts the opportunity to delay ready setTimeout( jQuery.ready ); // Standards-based browsers support DOMContentLoaded } else if ( document.addEventListener ) {//符合W3C標準的瀏覽器 // Use the handy event callback document.addEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", completed, false ); // A fallback to window.onload, that will always work window.addEventListener( "load", completed, false );//仍是給load事件註冊了事件,以防不測,作爲回滾用 // If IE event model is used } else { // Ensure firing before onload, maybe late but safe also for iframes document.attachEvent( "onreadystatechange", completed ); // A fallback to window.onload, that will always work window.attachEvent( "onload", completed ); // If IE and not a frame // continually check to see if the document is ready var top = false; try {//判斷是否爲iframe,若是不是的話採用不斷的輪詢scorll的方法 top = window.frameElement == null && document.documentElement; } catch(e) {} if ( top && top.doScroll ) { (function doScrollCheck() { if ( !jQuery.isReady ) { try { // Use the trick by Diego Perini // http://javascript.nwbox.com/IEContentLoaded/ top.doScroll("left"); } catch(e) { return setTimeout( doScrollCheck, 50 ); } // detach all dom ready events detach(); // and execute any waiting functions jQuery.ready();//實際:readyList.resolveWith( document, [ jQuery ] );
} })(); } } } return readyList.promise( obj ); };
再貼上幾段其餘框架的代碼,大同小異,就不具體分析了
prototype
(function(GLOBAL) { /* Support for the DOMContentLoaded event is based on work by Dan Webb, Matthias Miller, Dean Edwards, John Resig, and Diego Perini. */ var TIMER; function fireContentLoadedEvent() { if (document.loaded) return; if (TIMER) window.clearTimeout(TIMER); document.loaded = true; document.fire('dom:loaded'); } function checkReadyState() { if (document.readyState === 'complete') { document.detachEvent('onreadystatechange', checkReadyState); fireContentLoadedEvent(); } } function pollDoScroll() { try { document.documentElement.doScroll('left'); } catch (e) { TIMER = pollDoScroll.defer(); return; } fireContentLoadedEvent(); } if (document.readyState === 'complete') { // We must have been loaded asynchronously, because the DOMContentLoaded // event has already fired. We can just fire `dom:loaded` and be done // with it. fireContentLoadedEvent(); return; } if (document.addEventListener) { // All browsers that support DOM L2 Events support DOMContentLoaded, // including IE 9. document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', fireContentLoadedEvent, false); } else { document.attachEvent('onreadystatechange', checkReadyState); if (window == top) TIMER = pollDoScroll.defer(); } // Worst-case fallback. Event.observe(window, 'load', fireContentLoadedEvent); })(this);
mootools
(function(GLOBAL) { /* Support for the DOMContentLoaded event is based on work by Dan Webb, Matthias Miller, Dean Edwards, John Resig, and Diego Perini. */ var TIMER; function fireContentLoadedEvent() { if (document.loaded) return; if (TIMER) window.clearTimeout(TIMER); document.loaded = true; document.fire('dom:loaded'); } function checkReadyState() { if (document.readyState === 'complete') { document.detachEvent('onreadystatechange', checkReadyState); fireContentLoadedEvent(); } } function pollDoScroll() { try { document.documentElement.doScroll('left'); } catch (e) { TIMER = pollDoScroll.defer(); return; } fireContentLoadedEvent(); } if (document.readyState === 'complete') { // We must have been loaded asynchronously, because the DOMContentLoaded // event has already fired. We can just fire `dom:loaded` and be done // with it. fireContentLoadedEvent(); return; } if (document.addEventListener) { // All browsers that support DOM L2 Events support DOMContentLoaded, // including IE 9. document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', fireContentLoadedEvent, false); } else { document.attachEvent('onreadystatechange', checkReadyState); if (window == top) TIMER = pollDoScroll.defer(); } // Worst-case fallback. Event.observe(window, 'load', fireContentLoadedEvent); })(this);
紙上學來終覺淺,絕知此事要躬行。本身寫一段。
(function(window,undefined){ hobo = {} var readyList = [], _isReady =false; function readyFn(){ console.log(event.type) if ( document.addEventListener || event.type === "load" || document.readyState === "complete" ) { detach(); _isReady =true; fireReady();
} }
function fireReady(){
for (var i = 0,fn; fn = readyList[i++];) { fn(); };
readyList = null;
fireReady = function(){}//惰性函數,防止IE9二次調用
}
function detach() { if ( document.addEventListener ) { document.removeEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", readyFn, false ); window.removeEventListener( "load", readyFn, false ); } else { document.detachEvent( "onreadystatechange", readyFn ); window.detachEvent( "onload", readyFn ); } } hobo.ready = function(fn){ if(readyList){ readyList.push(fn) } if(readyList.length>1){ return; } if(document.readyState === 'complete'){ setTimeout(readyFn); }else if (document.addEventListener) {//符合W3C 則監聽 DOMContentLoaded和load事件 console.log('addEventListener') document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',readyFn,false); document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',readyFn,false); }else{//針對IE console.log('attachEvent') document.attachEvent('onreadystatechange',readyFn); document.attachEvent('onload',readyFn); } //針對IE而且非frame var top = false; try{ top = window.frameElement===null&&document.documentElement }catch(e){} if(top&&top.doScroll){ (function doScrollCheck(){ if (!_isReady) { try {//每隔50秒輪詢 檢測是否支持doScroll()方法 top.doScroll("left"); } catch(e) { return setTimeout( doScrollCheck, 50 ); } }; }) } } window.hobo =hobo }(window,void 0)) //使用 hobo.ready(function(){ console.log(11111); }) hobo.ready(function(){ console.log(22222); })