PXE(Preboot Excution Environment): 預啓動執行環境,Intel公司研發,基於Client/Server的網絡模式,支持遠程主機經過網絡從遠端服務器下載映像,並由此支持經過網絡啓動操做系統。 PXE能夠引導和安裝Windows,linux等多種操做系統
PXE工做原理:
客戶端向PXE服務器上的dhcp服務發送IP地址請求消息,dhcp服務檢測客戶端請求是否合法,主要是檢測客戶機的網卡MAC地址,若是合法則分配給客戶端IP地址,同時將啓動文件名pxelinux.0和啓動文件位置信息一併傳送給客戶端。
客戶端向PXE 服務器上的tftp服務發送獲取啓動文件pxelinux.0請求消息,tftp服務在接收到消息以後向客戶端發送pxelinux.0大小信息,詢問客戶端是否贊成使用,當tftp服務收到客戶端發回的贊成使用信息以後,正式向客戶端發送pxelinux.0文件。
客戶端執行接收到的pxelinux.0文件。
客戶端向tftp服務器發送針對本機的配置信息文件(在tftp 服務器的pxelinux.cfg目錄下),tftp服務器將配置文件發回客戶端,繼而客戶端根據配置文件執行後續操做。
客戶端向tftp服務器發送Linux內核請求信息,tftp服務器在接收到消息以後將內核文件發送給客戶端
客戶端向tftp服務器發送根文件請求信息,tftp服務器接收到消息以後返回Linux根文件系統給客戶端。
客戶端啓動Linux內核,下載安裝源文件,讀取自動化安裝腳本html
環境準備: linux
關閉防火牆
systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.serviceredis
systemctl stop iptables
systemctl disable iptablesexpress
關閉selinux
setenforce 0
vim /etc/selinux/config修改SELINUX=disabledvim
設置靜態IPcentos
vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33服務器
1 TYPE=Ethernet 2 BOOTPROTO=static #網絡協議 3 NAME=ens33 4 UUID=c7c0aaf8-2a87-4217-819b-fdbc1d08a7e8 5 DEVICE=ens33 6 ONBOOT=yes #開機啓動 7 DNS1=114.114.114.114
8 DNS2=8.8.8.8
9 IPADDR=192.168.121.10
10 NETMASK=255.255.255.0
11 GATEWAY=192.168.121.2
安裝相關軟件包網絡
yum install -y dhcp tftp-server httpd syslinuxapp
啓動httpd服務
systemctl enable httpd
systemctl start httpdless
cp /etc/xinetd.d/tftp /etc/xinetd.d/tftp.bak
vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
1 service tftp 2 { 3 socket_type = dgram 4 protocol = udp 5 wait = yes 6 user = root 7 server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd 8 server_args = -s /var/lib/tftpboot 9 disable = no 10 per_source = 11
11 cps = 100 2
12 flags = IPv4 13 }
啓動tftpd服務
systemctl enable tftp.socket
systemctl start tftp.socket
cp -f /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.example /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf.bak
vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
1 ddns-update-style interim; 2 ignore client-updates; 3 subnet 192.168.121.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { 4
5 option routers 192.168.121.2; 6 option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; 7
8 filename "pxelinux.0"; 9 next-server 192.168.121.10; 10 range dynamic-bootp 192.168.121.11 192.168.121.100; 11 default-lease-time 21600; 12 max-lease-time 43200; 13 }
啓動dcpd服務
systemctl enable dhcpd
systemctl start dhcpd
製做centos7和centos6的安裝源文件
mkdir -pv /var/www/html/centos/{6,7}
mkdir -pv /media/cdrom{6,7}
mount /dev/sr0 /media/cdrom6/
cp /media/cdrom6 /* /var/www/html/centos/6/ -r
mount /dev/sr1 /media/cdrom7/
cp /media/cdrom7/* /var/www/html/centos/7/ -r
製做centos6和centos7的kickstart文件
修改anaconda.cfg文件,此文件會在每次裝完系統後生成於/root/目錄下.
使用system-config-kickstart命令生成(須要安裝X Windows 和Desktop)
yum groupinstall "X Window System"
yum groupinstall Desktop
mkdir /var/www/html/ksdir/
vim /var/www/html/ksdir/ks7-1.cfg
1 #version=DEVEL 2 # System authorization information 3 auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512 4 # Use CDROM installation media 5 url --url=http://192.168.121.10/centos/7
6 # Use graphical install
7 graphical 8 # Run the Setup Agent on first boot 9 firstboot --enable 10 ignoredisk --only-use=sda 11 # Keyboard layouts 12 keyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us'
13 # System language 14 lang en_US.UTF-8
15
16 # Network information 17 network --bootproto=dhcp --device=ens33 --onboot=on --ipv6=auto --activate 18 network --hostname=localhost.localdomain 19
20 # Root password 21 rootpw --iscrypted $6$SNhR8RU2Euwg1ydI$gPITLqKSRMfm11hIyaIqPbmRo579k7hhpsOp4cQRhBO/dEH8vWt2b4upxYiQEXKzgzS55FccpqcWiz/7/LL4w. 22 # System timezone 23 timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --ntpservers=0.centos.pool.ntp.org 24 # System bootloader configuration 25 bootloader --append=" crashkernel=auto" --location=mbr --boot-drive=sda 26 # Partition clearing information 27 zerombr 28 clearpart --all 29 reboot 30 # Disk partitioning information 31 part /boot --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=200
32 part swap --fstype="swap" --ondisk=sda --size=2048
33 part / --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --grow --size=1
34
35
36 %packages 37 @^minimal 38 @core 39 kexec-tools 40
41 %end 42
43 %addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'
44
45 %end 46
47 %anaconda 48 pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty 49 pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok 50 pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty 51 %end 52
53 %post 54 systemctl restart network.service 55 yum install vim wget net-tools xorg-x11-xauth screen -y 56 cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
57 rm -rf *
58 wget -c http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
59 systemctl disable firewalld.service 60 cp /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33.bak 61 sed -i 's/dhcp/static/g' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33.bak 62 echo 'IPADDR=192.168.121.121'>> /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33.bak 63 echo 'NETMASK=255.255.255.0'>> /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33.bak 64 echo 'GATEWAY=192.168.121.2'>> /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33.bak 65 echo 'DNS1=114.114.114.114' >> /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33.bak 66 sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config 67 %end
vim /var/www/html/ksdir/ks6-1.cfg
1 #version=DEVEL 2 install
3 url --url=http://192.168.121.10/centos/6
4 lang en_US.UTF-8
5 keyboard us 6 network --onboot yes --device eth0 --bootproto dhcp --noipv6 7 rootpw --iscrypted $6$55ArpbZ9EoUhTKt5$pYnhDc2zbpdOt1aR4rIf7keHxy0aZ7hi/C.1XmLV5IOpYgkv5zTC61trhk3oDfDocracX6CtpBx2kZ7frHvP0. 8 firewall --service=ssh
9 authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512 10 selinux --enforcing 11 timezone Asia/Shanghai 12 bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet"
13 # The following is the partition information you requested 14 # Note that any partitions you deleted are not expressed 15 # here so unless you clear all partitions first, this is 16 # not guaranteed to work 17 zerombr 18 clearpart --all 19 reboot 20 part /boot --fstype=ext4 --size=200
21 part swap --size=2000
22 part / --fstype=ext4 --grow --size=200
23
24 #repo --name="CentOS" --baseurl=cdrom:sr0 --cost=100
25
26 %packages 27 @core 28 %end 29
30 %post 31 service network restart 32 yum install vim wget net-tools -y 33 cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
34 rm -rf *
35 wget -c http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo
36 chkconfig iptables off 37 cp /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33.bak 38 sed -i 's/dhcp/static/g' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33.bak 39 echo 'IPADDR=192.168.121.121'>> /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33.bak 40 echo 'NETMASK=255.255.255.0'>> /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33.bak 41 echo 'GATEWAY=192.168.121.2'>> /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33.bak 42 echo 'DNS1=114.114.114.114' >> /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33.bak 43 sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config 44 %end
檢驗ks文件
yum install system-config-kickstart -y
ksvalidator /var/www/html/ksdir/ks7-1.cfg
ksvalidator /var/www/html/ksdir/ks6-1.cfg
製做PXE相關文件
mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/centos{6,7}
mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/
cp /usr/share/syslinux/{pxelinux.0,menu.c32} /var/lib/tftpboot/
cp /var/www/html/centos/7/isolinux/{initrd.img,vmlinuz} /var/lib/tftpboot/centos7
cp /var/www/html/centos/6/isolinux/{initrd.img,vmlinuz} /var/lib/tftpboot/centos6
cp /var/www/html/centos/7/isolinux/isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
tree /var/lib/tftpboot/
/var/lib/tftpboot/
├── centos6
│ ├── initrd.img
│ └── vmlinuz
├── centos7
│ ├── initrd.img #僞文件系統文件
│ └── vmlinuz #內核文件
├── menu.c32 #純文本菜單
├── pxelinux.0 #引導文件,至關於grub。
└── pxelinux.cfg
└── default #啓動菜單文件
製做啓動菜單
vim /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
1 default menu.c32 2 timeout 600
3 menu title CentOS Linux PXE Install 4
5 label centos7 #自動安裝centos7 6 menu label Auto Install CentOS Linux ^7
7 menu default #默認啓動項 8 kernel centos7/vmlinuz 9 append initrd=centos7/initrd.img ks=http://192.168.121.10/ksdir/ks7-1.cfg #應答文件所在路徑
10
11 label centos6 #自動安裝centos6 12 menu label Auto Install CentOS Linux ^6
13 kernel centos6/vmlinuz 14 append initrd=centos6/initrd.img ks=http://192.168.121.10/ksdir/ks6-1.cfg
15
16 label manual7 #手動安裝centos7 17 menu label ^Manual Install CentOS Linux 7
18 kernel centos7/vmlinuz 19 append initrd=centos7/initrd.img inst.repo=http://192.168.121.10/centos/7
20
21 label manual6 #手動安裝centos6 22 menu label Manual ^Install CentOS Linux 6
23 kernel centos6/vmlinuz 24 append initrd=centos6/initrd.img inst.repo=http://192.168.121.10/centos/6
25
26 label local #本地硬盤啓動 27 menu label Boot from ^local drive 28 localboot 0xffff
29 menu end