簡單說,Docker鏡像是一個不包含Linux內核而又精簡的Linux操做系統。php
Docker Hub是由Docker公司負責維護的公共註冊中心,包含大量的容器鏡像,Docker工具默認從這個公共鏡像庫下載鏡像。html
https://hub.docker.com/explorenode
默認是國外的源,下載會慢,能夠國內的源提供下載速度:python
curl -sSL https://get.daocloud.io/daotools/set_mirror.sh | sh -s http://04be47cf.m.daocloud.io
當咱們啓動一個新的容器時,Docker會加載只讀鏡像,並在其之上添加一個讀寫層,並將鏡像中的目錄複製一份到/var/lib/docker/aufs/mnt/容器ID爲目錄下,咱們可使用chroot進入此目錄。若是運行中的容器修改一個已經存在的文件,那麼會將該文件從下面的只讀層複製到讀寫層,只讀層的這個文件就會覆蓋,但還存在,這就實現了文件系統隔離,當刪除容器後,讀寫層的數據將會刪除,只讀鏡像不變。mysql
docker相關文件存放在:/var/lib/docker目錄下linux
/var/lib/docker/aufs/diff # 每層與其父層之間的文件差別nginx
/var/lib/docker/aufs/layers/ # 每層一個文件,記錄其父層一直到根層之間的IDsql
/var/lib/docker/aufs/mnt # 聯合掛載點,從只讀層複製到最上層可讀寫層的文件系統數據docker
在創建鏡像時,每次寫操做,都被視做一種增量操做,即在原有的數據層上添加一個新層;因此一個鏡像會有若干個層組成。ubuntu
每次commit提交就會對產生一個ID,就至關於在上一層有加了一層,能夠經過這個ID對鏡像回滾
docker images
[bigberg@localhost ~]$ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE hello-world latest f2a91732366c 3 months ago 1.85kB
選項說明:
REPOSTITORY:表示鏡像的倉庫源
TAG:鏡像的標籤
IMAGE ID:鏡像ID
CREATED:鏡像建立時間
SIZE:鏡像大小
同一倉庫源能夠有多個 TAG,表明這個倉庫源的不一樣個版本,如ubuntu倉庫源裏,有15.十、14.04等多個不一樣的版本,咱們使用 REPOSTITORY:TAG 來定義不一樣的鏡像。
語法:
docker search [OPTIONS] TERM
選項說明:
--automated :只列出 automated build類型的鏡像;
--no-trunc :顯示完整的鏡像描述;
-s :列出收藏數不小於指定值的鏡像。
[bigberg@localhost ~]$ docker search centos NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED centos The official build of CentOS. 4051 [OK] ansible/centos7-ansible Ansible on Centos7 105 [OK] jdeathe/centos-ssh CentOS-6 6.9 x86_64 / CentOS-7 7.4.1708 x86_… 91 [OK] consol/centos-xfce-vnc Centos container with "headless" VNC session… 45 [OK] imagine10255/centos6-lnmp-php56 centos6-lnmp-php56 38 [OK] tutum/centos Simple CentOS docker image with SSH access 36 gluster/gluster-centos Official GlusterFS Image [ CentOS-7 + Glust… 22 [OK] centos/python-35-centos7 Platform for building and running Python 3.5… 18 openshift/base-centos7 A Centos7 derived base image for Source-To-I… 17 kinogmt/centos-ssh CentOS with SSH 17 [OK] openshift/jenkins-2-centos7 A Centos7 based Jenkins v2.x image for use w… 10 centos/postgresql-96-centos7 PostgreSQL is an advanced Object-Relational … 7 openshift/mysql-55-centos7 DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based MySQL v5.5 image… 6 pivotaldata/centos-gpdb-dev CentOS image for GPDB development. Tag names… 3 darksheer/centos Base Centos Image -- Updated hourly 3 [OK] openshift/jenkins-1-centos7 DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based Jenkins v1.x ima… 3 openshift/wildfly-101-centos7 A Centos7 based WildFly v10.1 image for use … 3 pivotaldata/centos Base centos, freshened up a little with a Do… 1 miko2u/centos6 CentOS6 日本語環境 1 [OK] pivotaldata/centos-mingw Using the mingw toolchain to cross-compile t… 1 openshift/php-55-centos7 DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based PHP v5.5 image f… 1 blacklabelops/centos CentOS Base Image! Built and Updates Daily! 1 [OK] jameseckersall/sonarr-centos Sonarr on CentOS 7 0 [OK] pivotaldata/centos-gcc-toolchain CentOS with a toolchain, but unaffiliated wi… 0 smartentry/centos centos with smartentry 0 [OK]
咱們可使用 Docker 鏡像加速器來解決這個問題,加速器就是鏡像、代理的概念。國內有很多機構提供了免費的加速器以方便你們使用,這裏列出一些經常使用的加速器服務:
https://registry.docker-cn.com
便可。https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/
配置加速器便可。進一步的信息能夠訪問:http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/help/dockerhub.html?highlight=dockerDaoCloud
帳戶(支持微信登陸),而後訪問: https://www.daocloud.io/mirror#accelerator-doc Ubuntu 16.04
和 CentOS 7
這類系統都已經開始使用 systemd
進行系統初始化管理了,對於使用 systemd
的系統,應該經過編輯服務配置文件 docker.service
來進行加速器的配置。
sudo vim /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service #在文件中找到 ExecStart= 這一行,而且在其行尾添加上所需的配置。假設咱們的加速器地址爲 https://registry.docker-cn.com,那麼能夠這樣配置 ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd --registry-mirror=https://registry.docker-cn.com sudo systemctl daemon-reload sudo systemctl restart docker # 確認配置 sudo ps -ef | grep dockerd
[bigberg@localhost ~]$ ps -ef | grep docker root 4273 1 1 10:04 ? 00:00:08 /usr/bin/dockerd --registry-mirror=https://registry.docker-cn.com
[bigberg@localhost ~]$ docker pull centos:7 7: Pulling from library/centos af4b0a2388c6: Pull complete Digest: sha256:2671f7a3eea36ce43609e9fe7435ade83094291055f1c96d9d1d1d7c0b986a5d Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:7
[bigberg@localhost ~]$ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest e548f1a579cf 3 days ago 109MB centos 7 ff426288ea90 6 weeks ago 207MB hello-world latest f2a91732366c 3 months ago 1.85kB
[bigberg@localhost ~]$ docker save -o centos.tar.gz centos [bigberg@localhost ~]$ docker save nginx > nginx.tar.gz [bigberg@localhost ~]$ docker image save hello-world > hello.tar.gz [bigberg@localhost ~]$ ll total 320480 -rw------- 1 bigberg bigberg 215760384 Feb 24 10:38 centos.tar.gz -rw-rw-r-- 1 bigberg bigberg 12800 Feb 24 10:40 hello.tar.gz -rw-rw-r-- 1 bigberg bigberg 112393728 Feb 24 10:39 nginx.tar.gz
[root@linux-node1 ~]#docker load --input centos.tar.gz #使用input導入 [root@linux-node1 ~]# docker load < nginx.tar.gz #使用重定向導入 [root@linux-node1 ~]# docker load < /opt/centos.tar.gz #導入本地鏡像到docker鏡像庫
# docker rmi TMAGE ID
[bigberg@localhost ~]$ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest e548f1a579cf 3 days ago 109MB centos 7 ff426288ea90 6 weeks ago 207MB hello-world latest f2a91732366c 3 months ago 1.85kB [bigberg@localhost ~]$ docker rmi f2a91732366c Untagged: hello-world:latest Untagged: hello-world@sha256:66ef312bbac49c39a89aa9bcc3cb4f3c9e7de3788c944158df3ee0176d32b751 Deleted: sha256:f2a91732366c0332ccd7afd2a5c4ff2b9af81f549370f7a19acd460f87686bc7 Deleted: sha256:f999ae22f308fea973e5a25b57699b5daf6b0f1150ac2a5c2ea9d7fecee50fdf [bigberg@localhost ~]$ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest e548f1a579cf 3 days ago 109MB centos 7 ff426288ea90 6 weeks ago 207MB
能夠看到鏡像的每一次
-H :以可讀的格式打印鏡像大小和日期,默認爲true;
--no-trunc :顯示完整的提交記錄;
-q :僅列出提交記錄ID。
[bigberg@localhost ~]$ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest e548f1a579cf 3 days ago 109MB centos 7 ff426288ea90 6 weeks ago 207MB [bigberg@localhost ~]$ docker -H nginx ^C [bigberg@localhost ~]$ docker history nginx IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT e548f1a579cf 3 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["nginx" "-g" "daemon… 0B <missing> 3 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) STOPSIGNAL [SIGTERM] 0B <missing> 3 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 80/tcp 0B <missing> 3 days ago /bin/sh -c ln -sf /dev/stdout /var/log/nginx… 22B <missing> 3 days ago /bin/sh -c set -x && apt-get update && apt… 53.4MB <missing> 3 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV NJS_VERSION=1.13.9.0.… 0B <missing> 3 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV NGINX_VERSION=1.13.9-… 0B <missing> 6 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL maintainer=NGINX Do… 0B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["bash"] 0B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:27ffb1ef53bfa3b9f… 55.3MB