三欄佈局之自適應佈局

在前端的面試中,常常會遇到的一個問題就是「怎麼實現左右兩端寬度固定,中間自適應」。下面我總結了五種常見的方式實現。html

先寫下全局的 style 吧前端

<style>        
html * {            
    padding: 0;            
    margin: 0;        
}                
.layout {            
    margin-top: 10px;
}                
.layout article div 
{            
    min-height: 100px;       
}    
</style>複製代碼

方法一:經過浮動

缺點:當 center 塊的內容太長,就會使得 center 部分溢出;解決方式就是建立 BFC面試

<section class="layout float">
        <style>
            .layout.float .left {
                width: 300px;
                float: left;
                background: yellow;
            }
            .layout.float .right {
                width: 300px;
                float: right;
                background: blue;
            }
            .layout.float .center {
                background: red; 
           }        
        </style>
       <article class="left-center-right"> 
           <div class="left"></div>
            <div class="right"></div>
            <div class="center">
                <h2>個人float佈局解決方案</h2>
            </div>
        </article>
    </section>複製代碼

方法二:經過 absoluted 佈局

缺點:絕對定位脫離文檔流瀏覽器

<section class="layout absoluted">
        <style>
            .layout.absoluted .left-center-right>div {
                position: absolute;
            }
            .layout.absoluted .left {
                left: 0px;
                width: 300px;
                background: yellow;
            }                        
            .layout.absoluted .center {
                left: 300px;
                right: 300px;
                background: red;
            } 
             .layout.absoluted .right {
                right: 0px;
                width: 300px;
                background: blue;
            }
        </style>        
        <article class="left-center-right">
            <div class="left"></div>
            <div class="center">
                <h2>我是absoluted佈局解決方案</h2>
            </div>
            <div class="right"></div>
        </article>
    </section>複製代碼

方法三:使用 CSS3 的 flex 佈局

<section class="layout flexb">
        <style>
            .layout.flexb {
                margin-top: 120px;
            }
            .layout.flexb .left-center-right {
                display: flex;
            }
            .layout.flexb .left {
                width: 300px;
                background: yellow;
            }            
            .layout.flexb .center {
                flex: 1;
                background: red;
            }           
            .layout.flexb .right {
                width: 300px;
                background: blue;
            } 
       </style>
       <article class="left-center-right">
            <div class="left"></div>
            <div class="center">
                <h2>我是flex解決方案</h2>
            </div>
            <div class="right"></div>
        </article>
    </section>複製代碼

方法四:使用 table 佈局

缺點:table 佈局影響性能,一小局部的變化,都會致使 DOM 從新渲染bash

<section class="layout table">
        <style>
            .layout.table .left-center-right {
                display: table;
                width: 100%;
                height: 100px;
            }          
            .layout.table .left-center-right>div {
                display: table-cell;
            }            
            .layout.table .left {
                width: 300px;
                background: yellow;
            }             
           .layout.table .center {
                background: red;
            }             
           .layout.table .right {
                width: 300px;
                background: blue;
            }
        </style>
        <article class="left-center-right">
            <div class="left"></div>
            <div class="center">
                <h2>我是Table解決方案</h2>
            </div>
            <div class="right"></div>
        </article>
    </section>複製代碼


方法五:使用 CSS3 的 grid 佈局

缺點:瀏覽器的兼容性欠佳佈局

<section class="layout grid">
        <style>
            .layout.grid .left-center-right {
                display: grid;
                width: 100%;
                grid-template-rows: 100px;
                grid-template-columns: 300px auto 300px;
            }           
            .layout.grid .left {
                background: yellow;
            } 
            .layout.grid .center {
                background: red;
            }              
          .layout.grid .right {
                background: blue; 
           } 
       </style>
       <article class="left-center-right">
            <div class="left"></div>
            <div class="center">
                <h2>我是grid解決方案</h2>
            </div>
            <div class="right"></div>
        </article>    </section>複製代碼


效果圖以下:性能


若是對你有幫助的話,點個贊讓我知道唄~flex

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