MySQL高可用方案MHA在線切換的步驟及原理

時間 2019-11-11

標籤 mysql 可用方案 mha 在線切換步驟原理欄目 MySQL 简体版

原文原文鏈接

在平常工做中，會碰到以下的場景，如mysql數據庫升級，主服務器硬件升級等，這個時候就須要將寫操做切換到另一臺服務器上，那麼如何進行在線切換呢？同時，要求切換過程短，對業務的影響比較小。html

MHA就提供了這樣一種優雅的方式，只會堵塞業務0.5~2s的時間，在這段時間內，業務沒法讀取和寫入。node

集羣信息mysql

角色 IP地址 ServerID 類型sql

Master 192.168.244.10 1 寫入數據庫

Candicate master 192.168.244.20 2 讀服務器

Slave 192.168.244.30 3 讀app

Monitor host 192.168.244.40 監控集羣組ssh

MHA具體的搭建步驟和原理，可參考另一篇博客：ui

MySQL高可用方案MHA的部署和原理spa

在線切換的步驟

1. 關閉MHA監控

# masterha_stop --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf

2. 在線切換

# /usr/local/bin/masterha_master_switch --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf --master_state=alive --new_master_host=192.168.244.20 --new_master_port=3306 --orig_master_is_new_slave --running_updates_limit=10000

其中，

--orig_master_is_new_slave是將原master切換爲新主的slave，默認狀況下，是不添加的。

--running_updates_limit默認爲1s，即若是主從延遲時間（Seconds_Behind_Master），或master show processlist中dml操做大於1s，則不會執行切換。

在線切換的輸出

Tue Apr 11 15:28:32 2017 - [info] MHA::MasterRotate version 0.56.
Tue Apr 11 15:28:32 2017 - [info] Starting online master switch..
Tue Apr 11 15:28:32 2017 - [info] 
Tue Apr 11 15:28:32 2017 - [info] * Phase 1: Configuration Check Phase..
Tue Apr 11 15:28:32 2017 - [info] 
Tue Apr 11 15:28:32 2017 - [warning] Global configuration file /etc/masterha_default.cnf not found. Skipping.
Tue Apr 11 15:28:32 2017 - [info] Reading application default configuration from /etc/masterha/app1.cnf..
Tue Apr 11 15:28:32 2017 - [info] Reading server configuration from /etc/masterha/app1.cnf..
Tue Apr 11 15:28:34 2017 - [info] GTID failover mode = 0
Tue Apr 11 15:28:34 2017 - [info] Current Alive Master: 192.168.244.10(192.168.244.10:3306)
Tue Apr 11 15:28:34 2017 - [info] Alive Slaves:
Tue Apr 11 15:28:34 2017 - [info]   192.168.244.20(192.168.244.20:3306)  Version=5.6.31-log (oldest major version between slaves) log
-bin:enabledTue Apr 11 15:28:34 2017 - [info]     Replicating from 192.168.244.10(192.168.244.10:3306)
Tue Apr 11 15:28:34 2017 - [info]     Primary candidate for the new Master (candidate_master is set)
Tue Apr 11 15:28:34 2017 - [info]   192.168.244.30(192.168.244.30:3306)  Version=5.6.31-log (oldest major version between slaves) log
-bin:enabledTue Apr 11 15:28:34 2017 - [info]     Replicating from 192.168.244.10(192.168.244.10:3306)

It is better to execute FLUSH NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG TABLES on the master before switching. Is it ok to execute on 192.168.244.10(192.168
.244.10:3306)? (YES/no): yes
Tue Apr 11 15:28:47 2017 - [info] Executing FLUSH NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG TABLES. This may take long time..
Tue Apr 11 15:28:47 2017 - [info]  ok.
Tue Apr 11 15:28:47 2017 - [info] Checking MHA is not monitoring or doing failover..
Tue Apr 11 15:28:47 2017 - [info] Checking replication health on 192.168.244.20..
Tue Apr 11 15:28:47 2017 - [info]  ok.
Tue Apr 11 15:28:47 2017 - [info] Checking replication health on 192.168.244.30..
Tue Apr 11 15:28:47 2017 - [info]  ok.
Tue Apr 11 15:28:47 2017 - [info] 192.168.244.20 can be new master.
Tue Apr 11 15:28:47 2017 - [info] 
From:
192.168.244.10(192.168.244.10:3306) (current master)
 +--192.168.244.20(192.168.244.20:3306)
 +--192.168.244.30(192.168.244.30:3306)

To:
192.168.244.20(192.168.244.20:3306) (new master)
 +--192.168.244.30(192.168.244.30:3306)
 +--192.168.244.10(192.168.244.10:3306)

Starting master switch from 192.168.244.10(192.168.244.10:3306) to 192.168.244.20(192.168.244.20:3306)? (yes/NO): yes
Tue Apr 11 15:29:00 2017 - [info] Checking whether 192.168.244.20(192.168.244.20:3306) is ok for the new master..
Tue Apr 11 15:29:00 2017 - [info]  ok.
Tue Apr 11 15:29:00 2017 - [info] 192.168.244.10(192.168.244.10:3306): SHOW SLAVE STATUS returned empty result. To check replication 
filtering rules, temporarily executing CHANGE MASTER to a dummy host.Tue Apr 11 15:29:00 2017 - [info] 192.168.244.10(192.168.244.10:3306): Resetting slave pointing to the dummy host.
Tue Apr 11 15:29:00 2017 - [info] ** Phase 1: Configuration Check Phase completed.
Tue Apr 11 15:29:00 2017 - [info] 
Tue Apr 11 15:29:00 2017 - [info] * Phase 2: Rejecting updates Phase..
Tue Apr 11 15:29:00 2017 - [info] 
Tue Apr 11 15:29:00 2017 - [info] Executing master ip online change script to disable write on the current master:
Tue Apr 11 15:29:00 2017 - [info]   /usr/local/bin/master_ip_online_change --command=stop --orig_master_host=192.168.244.10 --orig_ma
ster_ip=192.168.244.10 --orig_master_port=3306 --orig_master_user='monitor' --orig_master_password='monitor123' --new_master_host=192.168.244.20 --new_master_ip=192.168.244.20 --new_master_port=3306 --new_master_user='monitor' --new_master_password='monitor123' --orig_master_ssh_user=root --new_master_ssh_user=root   --orig_master_is_new_slaveTue Apr 11 15:29:00 2017 476501 Set read_only on the new master.. ok.
Tue Apr 11 15:29:00 2017 911951 Set read_only=1 on the orig master.. ok.
Tue Apr 11 15:29:00 2017 919517 Killing all application threads..
Tue Apr 11 15:29:00 2017 919552 done.
Disabling the VIP an old master: 192.168.244.10 
SIOCSIFFLAGS: Cannot assign requested address
Tue Apr 11 15:29:00 2017 - [info]  ok.
Tue Apr 11 15:29:00 2017 - [info] Locking all tables on the orig master to reject updates from everybody (including root):
Tue Apr 11 15:29:00 2017 - [info] Executing FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK..
Tue Apr 11 15:29:00 2017 - [info]  ok.
Tue Apr 11 15:29:00 2017 - [info] Orig master binlog:pos is mysql-bin.000016:211.
Tue Apr 11 15:29:00 2017 - [info]  Waiting to execute all relay logs on 192.168.244.20(192.168.244.20:3306)..
Tue Apr 11 15:29:01 2017 - [info]  master_pos_wait(mysql-bin.000016:211) completed on 192.168.244.20(192.168.244.20:3306). Executed 0
 events.Tue Apr 11 15:29:01 2017 - [info]   done.
Tue Apr 11 15:29:01 2017 - [info] Getting new master's binlog name and position..
Tue Apr 11 15:29:01 2017 - [info]  mysql-bin.000009:211
Tue Apr 11 15:29:01 2017 - [info]  All other slaves should start replication from here. Statement should be: CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_
HOST='192.168.244.20', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000009', MASTER_LOG_POS=211, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='xxx';Tue Apr 11 15:29:01 2017 - [info] Executing master ip online change script to allow write on the new master:
Tue Apr 11 15:29:01 2017 - [info]   /usr/local/bin/master_ip_online_change --command=start --orig_master_host=192.168.244.10 --orig_m
aster_ip=192.168.244.10 --orig_master_port=3306 --orig_master_user='monitor' --orig_master_password='monitor123' --new_master_host=192.168.244.20 --new_master_ip=192.168.244.20 --new_master_port=3306 --new_master_user='monitor' --new_master_password='monitor123' --orig_master_ssh_user=root --new_master_ssh_user=root   --orig_master_is_new_slaveTue Apr 11 15:29:01 2017 109040 Set read_only=0 on the new master.
Enabling the VIP 192.168.244.188 on the new master: 192.168.244.20 
Tue Apr 11 15:29:01 2017 - [info]  ok.
Tue Apr 11 15:29:01 2017 - [info] 
Tue Apr 11 15:29:01 2017 - [info] * Switching slaves in parallel..
Tue Apr 11 15:29:01 2017 - [info] 
Tue Apr 11 15:29:01 2017 - [info] -- Slave switch on host 192.168.244.30(192.168.244.30:3306) started, pid: 17651
Tue Apr 11 15:29:01 2017 - [info] 
Tue Apr 11 15:29:02 2017 - [info] Log messages from 192.168.244.30 ...
Tue Apr 11 15:29:02 2017 - [info] 
Tue Apr 11 15:29:01 2017 - [info]  Waiting to execute all relay logs on 192.168.244.30(192.168.244.30:3306)..
Tue Apr 11 15:29:01 2017 - [info]  master_pos_wait(mysql-bin.000016:211) completed on 192.168.244.30(192.168.244.30:3306). Executed 0
 events.Tue Apr 11 15:29:01 2017 - [info]   done.
Tue Apr 11 15:29:01 2017 - [info]  Resetting slave 192.168.244.30(192.168.244.30:3306) and starting replication from the new master 1
92.168.244.20(192.168.244.20:3306)..Tue Apr 11 15:29:01 2017 - [info]  Executed CHANGE MASTER.
Tue Apr 11 15:29:01 2017 - [info]  Slave started.
Tue Apr 11 15:29:02 2017 - [info] End of log messages from 192.168.244.30 ...
Tue Apr 11 15:29:02 2017 - [info] 
Tue Apr 11 15:29:02 2017 - [info] -- Slave switch on host 192.168.244.30(192.168.244.30:3306) succeeded.
Tue Apr 11 15:29:02 2017 - [info] Unlocking all tables on the orig master:
Tue Apr 11 15:29:02 2017 - [info] Executing UNLOCK TABLES..
Tue Apr 11 15:29:02 2017 - [info]  ok.
Tue Apr 11 15:29:02 2017 - [info] Starting orig master as a new slave..
Tue Apr 11 15:29:02 2017 - [info]  Resetting slave 192.168.244.10(192.168.244.10:3306) and starting replication from the new master 1
92.168.244.20(192.168.244.20:3306)..Tue Apr 11 15:29:02 2017 - [info]  Executed CHANGE MASTER.
Tue Apr 11 15:29:02 2017 - [info]  Slave started.
Tue Apr 11 15:29:02 2017 - [info] All new slave servers switched successfully.
Tue Apr 11 15:29:02 2017 - [info] 
Tue Apr 11 15:29:02 2017 - [info] * Phase 5: New master cleanup phase..
Tue Apr 11 15:29:02 2017 - [info] 
Tue Apr 11 15:29:02 2017 - [info]  192.168.244.20: Resetting slave info succeeded.
Tue Apr 11 15:29:02 2017 - [info] Switching master to 192.168.244.20(192.168.244.20:3306) completed successfully.

MHA在線切換的原理

1. 檢查當前的配置信息及主從服務器的信息

包括讀取MHA的配置文件/etc/masterha/app1.cnf及檢查當前slave的健康狀態

2. 阻止對當前master的更新

主要經過以下步驟：

1> 等待1.5s（$time_until_kill_threads*100ms），等待當前鏈接斷開。

2> 執行 read_only=1，阻止新的DML操做

3> 等待0.5s，等待當前DML操做完成。

4> kill掉全部鏈接。

5> FLUSH NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG TABLES

6> FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK

3. 等待新master執行完全部的relay log

Waiting to execute all relay logs on 192.168.244.20(192.168.244.20:3306)..

4. 將新master的read_only設置爲off，並添加VIP

5. slave切換到新master上。

1> 等待slave（192.168.244.30）應用完原主從複製產生的relay log，而後執行change master操做切換到新master上。

2> 釋放原master上加的鎖。

3> 因masterha_master_switch命令行中帶有--orig_master_is_new_slave參數，故原master也切換爲新master的從。

6. 清理新master的相關信息。

主要是執行了reset slave all操做，清除以前的複製信息。

MHA在線切換需知足的條件

MHA在執行在線切換以前，會判斷當前的主從複製信息，只有知足瞭如下條件，才能執行切換動做：

1. 全部SLAVE的IO線程和SQL線程都在運行。

2. 全部slave的Seconds_Behind_Master小於或等於running_updates_limit的值，該參數若是沒有顯示指定的話，則默認爲1s

3. 在master上，經過show processlist輸出，沒有一個DML操做的時間大於running_updates_limit的值。

在線切換時，打開general log，各個服務器的操做信息

注：在執行masterha_master_switch命令時，會有兩次確認操做

1. It is better to execute FLUSH NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG TABLES on the master before switching. Is it ok to execute on 192.168.244.10(192.168
.244.10:3306)? (YES/no):

2. Starting master switch from 192.168.244.10(192.168.244.10:3306) to 192.168.244.20(192.168.244.20:3306)? (yes/NO):

如下輸出中間都有兩次空白，其中第一次空白以前的輸出對應第一次確認以前，第二次以前的輸出對應第二次確認以前。

原master 192.168.244.10

170412 16:52:38    23 Connect    monitor@node4 on 
                   23 Query    set autocommit=1
                   23 Query    SELECT CONNECTION_ID() AS Value
170412 16:52:39    24 Connect    monitor@node4 on 
                   24 Query    set autocommit=1
                   24 Query    SELECT CONNECTION_ID() AS Value
                   24 Query    SET wait_timeout=86400
                   24 Query    SELECT @@global.server_id As Value
                   24 Query    SELECT VERSION() AS Value
                   24 Query    SELECT @@global.gtid_mode As Value
                   24 Query    SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'log_bin'
                   24 Query    SHOW MASTER STATUS
                   24 Query    SELECT @@global.datadir AS Value
                   24 Query    SELECT @@global.slave_parallel_workers AS Value
                   24 Query    SHOW SLAVE STATUS
                   24 Query    SELECT @@global.read_only As Value
                   24 Query    SELECT @@global.relay_log_purge As Value

           
170412 16:54:06    24 Query    FLUSH NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG TABLES
                   24 Query    SELECT GET_LOCK('MHA_Master_High_Availability_Monitor', '0') AS Value
                   24 Query    SHOW PROCESSLIST
                   

170412 16:55:51    24 Query    SHOW SLAVE STATUS
                   24 Query    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='dummy_host'
170412 16:55:52    24 Query    SHOW SLAVE STATUS
                   24 Query    RESET SLAVE /*!50516 ALL */
                   24 Query    SELECT RELEASE_LOCK('MHA_Master_High_Availability_Monitor') As Value
                   24 Quit    
                   25 Connect    monitor@node4 on 
                   25 Query    set autocommit=1
                   25 Query    SELECT CONNECTION_ID() AS Value
                   25 Query    SET sql_log_bin=0
                   25 Query    SHOW PROCESSLIST
                   25 Query    SELECT @@global.read_only As Value
                   25 Query    SET GLOBAL read_only=1
                   25 Query    SELECT @@global.read_only As Value
                   25 Query    SHOW PROCESSLIST
                   25 Query    SET sql_log_bin=1
                   25 Quit    
                   26 Connect    monitor@node4 on 
                   26 Query    set autocommit=1
                   26 Query    SELECT CONNECTION_ID() AS Value
                   26 Query    SET wait_timeout=86400
                   26 Query    FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK
                   26 Query    SHOW MASTER STATUS
170412 16:55:53    26 Query    UNLOCK TABLES
                   26 Query    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST = '192.168.244.20' MASTER_USER = 'repl' MASTER_PASSWORD = <secret> MASTE
R_PORT = 3306 MASTER_LOG_FILE = 'mysql-bin.000010' MASTER_LOG_POS = 120           26 Query    SET GLOBAL relay_log_purge=0
                   26 Query    START SLAVE
                   27 Connect Out    repl@192.168.244.20:3306
                   26 Query    SHOW SLAVE STATUS
                   26 Query    SELECT RELEASE_LOCK('MHA_Master_High_Availability_Failover') As Value
                   26 Quit

新master 192.168.244.20

170412 16:52:38    23 Connect    monitor@node4 on 
                   23 Query    set autocommit=1
                   23 Query    SELECT CONNECTION_ID() AS Value
170412 16:52:39    24 Connect    monitor@node4 on 
                   24 Query    set autocommit=1
                   24 Query    SELECT CONNECTION_ID() AS Value
                   24 Query    SET wait_timeout=86400
                   24 Query    SELECT @@global.server_id As Value
                   24 Query    SELECT VERSION() AS Value
                   24 Query    SELECT @@global.gtid_mode As Value
                   24 Query    SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'log_bin'
                   24 Query    SHOW MASTER STATUS
                   24 Query    SELECT @@global.datadir AS Value
                   24 Query    SELECT @@global.slave_parallel_workers AS Value
                   24 Query    SHOW SLAVE STATUS
                   24 Query    SELECT @@global.read_only As Value
                   24 Query    SELECT @@global.relay_log_purge As Value
                   24 Query    SELECT @@global.relay_log_info_repository AS Value
                   24 Query    SELECT @@global.datadir AS Value
                   24 Query    SELECT @@global.relay_log_info_file AS Value
                   24 Query    SHOW SLAVE STATUS
                   24 Query    SELECT Repl_slave_priv AS Value FROM mysql.user WHERE user = 'repl'

           
           
170412 16:54:06    24 Query    SELECT GET_LOCK('MHA_Master_High_Availability_Failover', '0') AS Value
                   24 Query    SHOW SLAVE STATUS
                   24 Query    SHOW SLAVE STATUS

           
170412 16:55:52    24 Query    SHOW PROCESSLIST
                   25 Connect    monitor@node4 on 
                   25 Query    set autocommit=1
                   25 Query    SELECT CONNECTION_ID() AS Value
                   25 Query    SELECT @@global.read_only As Value
                   25 Query    SELECT @@global.read_only As Value
                   25 Quit    
                   24 Query    SHOW SLAVE STATUS
                   24 Query    SELECT MASTER_POS_WAIT('mysql-bin.000017','120',0) AS Result
                   24 Query    STOP SLAVE SQL_THREAD
                   24 Query    SHOW SLAVE STATUS
                   24 Query    SHOW MASTER STATUS
                   26 Connect    monitor@node4 on 
                   26 Query    set autocommit=1
                   26 Query    SELECT CONNECTION_ID() AS Value
                   26 Query    SET sql_log_bin=0
                   26 Query    SELECT @@global.read_only As Value
                   26 Query    SET GLOBAL read_only=0
                   26 Query    SET sql_log_bin=1
                   26 Quit    
                   24 Query    SELECT @@global.read_only As Value
                   27 Connect    repl@node3 on 
                   27 Query    SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP()
                   27 Query    SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'SERVER_ID'
                   27 Query    SET @master_heartbeat_period= 1799999979520
                   27 Query    SET @master_binlog_checksum= @@global.binlog_checksum
                   27 Query    SELECT @master_binlog_checksum
                   27 Query    SELECT @@GLOBAL.GTID_MODE
                   27 Query    SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'SERVER_UUID'
                   27 Query    SET @slave_uuid= '8a1093c8-1d00-11e7-954f-000c299a5715'
                   27 Binlog Dump    Log: 'mysql-bin.000010'  Pos: 120
170412 16:55:53    28 Connect    repl@node1 on 
                   28 Query    SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP()
                   28 Query    SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'SERVER_ID'
                   28 Query    SET @master_heartbeat_period= 1799999979520
                   28 Query    SET @master_binlog_checksum= @@global.binlog_checksum
                   28 Query    SELECT @master_binlog_checksum
                   28 Query    SELECT @@GLOBAL.GTID_MODE
                   28 Query    SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'SERVER_UUID'
                   24 Query    STOP SLAVE
                   28 Query    SET @slave_uuid= '2a6365e0-1d05-11e7-956d-000c29c64704'
                   28 Binlog Dump    Log: 'mysql-bin.000010'  Pos: 120
                   24 Query    SHOW SLAVE STATUS
                   24 Query    RESET SLAVE /*!50516 ALL */
                   24 Query    SHOW SLAVE STATUS
                   24 Query    SELECT RELEASE_LOCK('MHA_Master_High_Availability_Failover') As Value
                   24 Quit

slave 192.168.244.30

170412 16:52:37    16 Connect    monitor@node4 on 
                   16 Query    set autocommit=1
                   16 Query    SELECT CONNECTION_ID() AS Value
170412 16:52:38    17 Connect    monitor@node4 on 
                   17 Query    set autocommit=1
                   17 Query    SELECT CONNECTION_ID() AS Value
                   17 Query    SET wait_timeout=86400
                   17 Query    SELECT @@global.server_id As Value
                   17 Query    SELECT VERSION() AS Value
                   17 Query    SELECT @@global.gtid_mode As Value
                   17 Query    SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'log_bin'
                   17 Query    SHOW MASTER STATUS
                   17 Query    SELECT @@global.datadir AS Value
                   17 Query    SELECT @@global.slave_parallel_workers AS Value
                   17 Query    SHOW SLAVE STATUS
                   17 Query    SELECT @@global.read_only As Value
                   17 Query    SELECT @@global.relay_log_purge As Value
                   17 Query    SELECT @@global.relay_log_info_repository AS Value
                   17 Query    SELECT @@global.datadir AS Value
                   17 Query    SELECT @@global.relay_log_info_file AS Value
                   17 Query    SHOW SLAVE STATUS
                   17 Query    SELECT Repl_slave_priv AS Value FROM mysql.user WHERE user = 'repl'

           
170412 16:54:05    17 Query    SELECT GET_LOCK('MHA_Master_High_Availability_Failover', '0') AS Value
                   17 Query    SHOW SLAVE STATUS
                   17 Query    SHOW SLAVE STATUS
                   

170412 16:55:50    17 Query    SHOW SLAVE STATUS
170412 16:55:51    17 Query    SHOW SLAVE STATUS
                   17 Query    SELECT MASTER_POS_WAIT('mysql-bin.000017','120',0) AS Result
                   17 Query    STOP SLAVE SQL_THREAD
                   17 Query    SHOW SLAVE STATUS
                   17 Query    STOP SLAVE
                   17 Query    STOP SLAVE
                   17 Query    SHOW SLAVE STATUS
                   17 Query    RESET SLAVE
                   17 Query    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST = '192.168.244.20' MASTER_USER = 'repl' MASTER_PASSWORD = <secret> MASTE
R_PORT = 3306 MASTER_LOG_FILE = 'mysql-bin.000010' MASTER_LOG_POS = 120           17 Query    SET GLOBAL relay_log_purge=0
                   17 Query    START SLAVE
                   18 Connect Out    repl@192.168.244.20:3306
                   17 Query    SHOW SLAVE STATUS
170412 16:55:52    17 Query    SELECT RELEASE_LOCK('MHA_Master_High_Availability_Failover') As Value
                   17 Quit