python 操做數據庫: postgresql

PostgreSQL是一個輕量級的數據庫,用python操做時,用到了psycopg2模塊,其程序代碼少,速度快,並且穩定。html

 

參考:http://www.yiibai.com/html/postgresql/2013/080998.htmlpython

 

環境sql

  ubuntu 16.04數據庫

  python2編程

 

安裝ubuntu

  1. 安裝postgresqlyii

    sudo apt-get install postgresqlpost

  (下面2步操做應該能夠在python代碼中實現)fetch

   =》 在數據庫中建立userspa

    sudo -u postgres createuser -P uuser, with password ppas

    =》 建立數據庫DB

    sudo -u postgres createdb -O uuser testdb

  2. 安裝python psycopg2模塊

    sudo apt-get install python-psycopg2

 

  後面若是須要刪除數據庫,能夠執行:

     sudo -u postgres dropdb testdb

 

python pscopg2 模塊中的APIs

SN API &描述
1 psycopg2.connect(database="testdb", user="uuser", password="ppas", host="127.0.0.1", port="5432") 

這個API打開一個鏈接到PostgreSQL數據庫。若是成功打開數據庫時,它返回一個鏈接對象。 (默認狀況這裏能夠不用port這個參數)

2 connection.cursor()

該程序建立一個光標將用於整個數據庫使用Python編程。 

3 cursor.execute(sql [, optional parameters])

此例程執行SQL語句。可被參數化的SQL語句(即佔位符,而不是SQL文字)。 psycopg2的模塊支持佔位符用%s標誌 yiibai.com

例如:cursor.execute("insert into people values (%s, %s)", (who, age))

4 curosr.executemany(sql, seq_of_parameters)

該程序執行SQL命令對全部參數序列或序列中的sql映射。 

5 curosr.callproc(procname[, parameters])

這個程序執行的存儲數據庫程序給定的名稱。該程序預計爲每個參數,參數的順序必須包含一個條目。

6 cursor.rowcount

這個只讀屬性,它返回數據庫中的行的總數已修改,插入或刪除最後 execute*().

7 connection.commit()

此方法提交當前事務。若是不調用這個方法,不管作了什麼修改,自從上次調用commit()是不可見的,從其餘的數據庫鏈接。

8 connection.rollback()

此方法會回滾任何更改數據庫自上次調用commit()方法。

9 connection.close()

此方法關閉數據庫鏈接。請注意,這並不自動調用commit()。若是你只是關閉數據庫鏈接而不調用commit()方法首先,那麼全部更改將會丟失

10 cursor.fetchone()

這種方法提取的查詢結果集的下一行,返回一個序列,或者無當沒有更多的數據是可用的

11 cursor.fetchmany([size=cursor.arraysize])

這個例程中取出下一個組的查詢結果的行數,返回一個列表。當沒有找到記錄,返回空列表。該方法試圖獲取儘量多的行所顯示的大小參數。

12 cursor.fetchall()

這個例程獲取全部查詢結果(剩餘)行,返回一個列表。空行時則返回空列表

 

鏈接到數據庫

  python對數據庫的操做須要先鏈接到數據庫,若是該數據庫不存在,那麼它就會被建立,最終返回一個數據庫對象。

#!/bin/python

import psycopg2

conn = psycopg2.connect(database="testdb", user="uuser",password="ppas", host="127.0.0.1")
print "connect success"

 

建立表

#!/bin/python

import psycopg2

conn = psycopg2.connect(database = "testdb", user = "uuer", password = "ppas", host = "127.0.0.1")
print "Open database success"

cur = conn.cursor()
cur.execute('''CREATE TABLE COMPANY
          (ID          INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
           NAME      TEXT              NOT NULL,
           AGE        INT              NOT NULL,
           ADDRESS   CHAR(50)''' )
print "Table created successfully"

conn.commit()
conn.close()

這裏若是想讓ID爲主鍵,而且自增,能夠如此定義: ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY

 

insert操做

在上面建立的表中插入記錄:

#!/bin/python

import psycopg2

conn = psycopg2.connect(database = "testdb", user = "uuer", password = "ppas", host = "127.0.0.1")
print "Open database success"

cur = conn.cursor()
cur.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID, NAME, AGE, ADDRESS) \
           VALUES (1, 'Paul', 32, 'California')");
cur.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID, NAME, AGE, ADDRESS) \
           VALUES (4, 'Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond')") 
conn.commit()
print "insert succcess"
conn.close()

 

selete操做

#!/bin/python

import psycopg2

conn = psycopg2.connect(database = "testdb", user = "uuer", password = "ppas", host = "127.0.0.1")
print "Open database success"

cur = conn.cursor()
cur.execute("SELECT id, name, address  from COMPANY")
rows = cur.fetchall()
for row in rows:
   print "ID = ", row[0]
   print "NAME = ", row[1]
   print "ADDRESS = ", row[2]

print "Operation done successfully";
conn.close()  

 

update操做

#!/bin/python

import psycopg2

conn = psycopg2.connect(database = "testdb", user = "uuer", password = "ppas", host = "127.0.0.1")
print "Open database success"

cur = conn.cursor()
cur.execute("UPDATE COMPANY set NAME = "newCompy" where ID=1")
conn.commit
print "Total number of rows updated :", cur.rowcount

cur.execute("SELECT id, name, address  from COMPANY")
rows = cur.fetchall()
for row in rows:
   print "ID = ", row[0]
   print "NAME = ", row[1]
   print "ADDRESS = ", row[2]

print "Operation done successfully";
conn.close()  

 

delete操做

刪除一行

#!/bin/python

import psycopg2

conn = psycopg2.connect(database = "testdb", user = "uuer", password = "ppas", host = "127.0.0.1")
print "Open database success"

cur = conn.cursor()
cur.execute("DELETE from COMPANY where ID=2;")
conn.commit
print "Total number of rows deleted :", cur.rowcount

cur.execute("SELECT id, name, address, salary  from COMPANY")
rows = cur.fetchall()
for row in rows:
   print "ID = ", row[0]
   print "NAME = ", row[1]
   print "ADDRESS = ", row[2]

print "Operation done successfully";
conn.close()  
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