先簡單對MyBatis的使用作一個簡要說明,後邊會針對MyBatis幾個核心原理作重點說明。java
使用MyBatis能夠分如下幾個關鍵點mysql
如下按步驟寫一個單元測試:redis
<!-- mybatis依賴包 --><dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId> <version>3.5.4</version></dependency><!-- 數據庫驅動 須要使用 5.1.40以上纔可解決mysql json格式亂碼問題 --><dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>5.1.40</version></dependency><!-- lombok --><dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <version>1.16.6</version></dependency>
mybatis-config.xmlsql
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?><!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd"><configuration> <properties resource="db.properties"></properties> <settings> <!-- 打印查詢語句 --> <setting name="logImpl" value="STDOUT_LOGGING" /> <!-- 控制全局緩存(二級緩存),默認 true--> <setting name="cacheEnabled" value="false"/> <!-- 延遲加載的全局開關。當開啓時,全部關聯對象都會延遲加載。默認 false --> <setting name="lazyLoadingEnabled" value="false"/> <!-- 當開啓時,任何方法的調用都會加載該對象的全部屬性。默認 false,可經過select標籤的 fetchType來覆蓋--> <setting name="aggressiveLazyLoading" value="true"/> <!-- Mybatis 建立具備延遲加載能力的對象所用到的代理工具,默認JAVASSIST --> <!--<setting name="proxyFactory" value="CGLIB" />--> <!-- STATEMENT級別的緩存,使一級緩存,只針對當前執行的這一statement有效,至關於關閉一級緩存 --> <!-- <setting name="localCacheScope" value="STATEMENT"/> --> <setting name="localCacheScope" value="SESSION"/> </settings> <typeAliases> <typeAlias alias="user" type="com.freecloud.plug.mybatis.entity.User" /> <typeAlias alias="myBatisJson" type="com.freecloud.plug.mybatis.entity.MyBatisJson" /> <typeAlias alias="department" type="com.freecloud.plug.mybatis.entity.Department" /> <typeAlias alias="userAndDepartment" type="com.freecloud.plug.mybatis.entity.UserAndDepartment" ></typeAlias> </typeAliases> <!-- 自定義類型轉換器 --> <typeHandlers> <typeHandler handler="com.freecloud.plug.mybatis.type.JsonTypeHandler"></typeHandler> </typeHandlers> <plugins> <plugin interceptor="com.freecloud.plug.mybatis.plugins.SQLExecuteTimeInterceptor"> <property name="name" value="zhangsan" /> </plugin> <plugin interceptor="com.freecloud.plug.mybatis.plugins.SimpleTableInterceptor"></plugin> </plugins> <environments default="development"> <environment id="development"> <transactionManager type="JDBC"/><!-- 單獨使用時配置成MANAGED沒有事務 --> <dataSource type="POOLED"> <property name="driver" value="${jdbc.driver}"/> <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/> <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/> <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/> </dataSource> </environment> </environments> <mappers> <mapper resource="mapper/UserMapper.xml"/> <mapper resource="mapper/MyBatisJsonMapper.xml"/> <mapper resource="mapper/DepartmentMapper.xml"/> </mappers></configuration>
db.properties數據庫鏈接配置數據庫
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driverjdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/data_test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&rewriteBatchedStatements=truejdbc.username=rootjdbc.password=123456
初始化數據,用於後邊的單元測試。apache
## 部門表CREATE TABLE `department` ( `id` int(5) NOT NULL, `name` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8mb4_bin DEFAULT NULL, `parent_id` int(5) NULL) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_bin;## 員工表CREATE TABLE `user_department` ( `id` int(5) NOT NULL, `name` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8mb4_bin DEFAULT NULL, `age` int(4) DEFAULT NULL, `default_department_id` int(5) NOT NULL, `all_department_id` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8mb4_bin DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_bin;## 初始化部門insert into department values (1,'部門1',null);insert into department values (2,'部門2',1);insert into department values (3,'部門3',null);## 初始化員工insert into user_department values (1,'張三',18,1,'2,3');insert into user_department values (2,'李4',18,2,'1,2');insert into user_department values (3,'王5',18,3,'3');insert into user_department values (4,'趙6',18,1,'1');
/** * 業務實體對象 */@Data@NoArgsConstructor@AllArgsConstructorpublic class User implements Serializable { /** 主鍵ID */ private Long id; /** 姓名 */ private String name; /** 年齡 */ private Integer age; }
UserMapper.xml 映射文件json
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?><!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"><mapper namespace="com.freecloud.plug.mybatis.dao.UserMapper"> <!-- 聲明這個namespace使用二級緩存 --> <!-- <cache/>--> <!-- 使用Redis做爲二級緩存 --> <!-- <cache type="org.mybatis.caches.redis.RedisCache" eviction="FIFO" flushInterval="60000" size="512" readOnly="true"/> --> <cache type="org.apache.ibatis.cache.impl.PerpetualCache" size="1024" eviction="LRU" flushInterval="120000" readOnly="false"/> <resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="user"> <id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="INTEGER"/> <result column="name" property="name" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/> <result column="age" property="age" jdbcType="INTEGER"/> </resultMap> <!-- 對象關聯查詢,一條sql直接查詢 --> <resultMap id="UserAndDepartmentResultMap" type="userAndDepartment"> <id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="INTEGER"/> <result column="name" property="name" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/> <result column="age" property="age" jdbcType="INTEGER"/> <association property="defaultDepartment" javaType="com.freecloud.plug.mybatis.entity.Department" > <id column="department_id" property="id"></id> <result column="department_name" property="name" ></result> </association> </resultMap> <!-- 聯合查詢,會產生 N+1的問題 --> <resultMap id="UserAndDepartmentResultMap1" type="userAndDepartment"> <id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="INTEGER"/> <result column="name" property="name" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/> <result column="age" property="age" jdbcType="INTEGER"/> <!-- 此處能夠誇namespace調用,但要保證當前應用加載對應mapper --> <association property="defaultDepartment" column="default_department_id" javaType="com.freecloud.plug.mybatis.entity.Department" select="com.freecloud.plug.mybatis.dao.DepartmentMapper.byId" ></association> </resultMap> <!-- 聯合查詢,一對多 --> <resultMap id="UserAndDepartmentResultMap2" type="userAndDepartment"> <id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="INTEGER"/> <result column="name" property="name" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/> <result column="age" property="age" jdbcType="INTEGER"/> <!-- 此處能夠誇namespace調用,但要保證當前應用加載對應mapper --><!-- <association property="defaultDepartment" column="default_department_id"--><!-- javaType="com.freecloud.plug.mybatis.entity.Department"--><!-- select="com.freecloud.plug.mybatis.dao.DepartmentMapper.byId" ></association>--> <collection property="departmentList" column="all_department_id" ofType="com.freecloud.plug.mybatis.entity.Department" select="com.freecloud.plug.mybatis.dao.DepartmentMapper.byIds"></collection> </resultMap> <select id="byId" resultMap="BaseResultMap" statementType="PREPARED" > select * from user_department where id = #{id} </select> <insert id="save" parameterType="user" > insert into user_department (id,name,age) values (#{id},#{name},#{age}) </insert> <update id="update" parameterType="user"> update user_department <set> <if test="name != null"> name = #{name} </if> <if test="age != null"> ,age = #{age} </if> </set> where id = #{id} </update> <select id="getUserAndDepartmentById" parameterType="long" resultMap="UserAndDepartmentResultMap" > select a.id,a.name,a.age,b.id as department_id,b.name as department_name from user_department a left join department b on a.default_department_id = b.id where a.id = #{id} </select> <select id="getUserAndDepartmentById1" parameterType="long" resultMap="UserAndDepartmentResultMap1" > select * from user_department a where a.id = #{id} </select> <select id="getUserAndDepartmentById2" parameterType="long" resultMap="UserAndDepartmentResultMap2" > select * from user_department a where a.id = #{id} </select></mapper>
mapper調用接口,方法名要到Mapper.xml文件中的配置的Id相同,不然沒法映射成功。api
public interface UserMapper { /** * 根據主鍵查詢 * @param id * @return */ public User byId(Long id); /** * 新增 * @param user * @return */ public void save(User user); /** * 修改 * @param user */ public void update(User user); /** * 多表關聯查詢 * @param id * @return */ public UserAndDepartment getUserAndDepartmentById(Long id); /** * 關聯查詢,有N + 1問題 * @param id * @return */ public UserAndDepartment getUserAndDepartmentById1(Long id); /** * 關聯查詢,1對多 * @param id * @return */ public UserAndDepartment getUserAndDepartmentById2(Long id); }
package com.freecloud.plug.mybatis;import com.freecloud.common.LoggerUtil;import com.freecloud.plug.mybatis.dao.UserMapper;import com.freecloud.plug.mybatis.entity.User;import com.freecloud.plug.mybatis.entity.UserAndDepartment;import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;import org.junit.Before;import org.junit.Test;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStream;/** * @Author: maomao * @Date: 2021-04-08 11:36 */public class MyBatisTest { private SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory; @Before public void init() throws IOException { String resource = "mybatis-config.xml"; InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource); sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream); } /** * 使用mybatis api 方式硬編碼方式 */ @Test public void testApiStatement(){ SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); try { sqlSession.selectOne("com.freecloud.plug.mybatis.dao.UserMapper.byId",1); }finally { sqlSession.close(); } } /** * 測試使用mapper包裝直接使用接口調用 */ @Test public void testMapperInterface(){ SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); try { UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class); User user = userMapper.byId(1L); LoggerUtil.printThread(user.toString()); }finally { sqlSession.close(); } } /** * 多表關聯查詢 */ @Test public void testUserAndDepartment(){ SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); try { UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class); UserAndDepartment user = userMapper.getUserAndDepartmentById(1L); LoggerUtil.printThread(user.toString()); }finally { sqlSession.close(); } } /** * 關聯查詢,有N + 1問題 */ @Test public void testUserAndDepartment1(){ SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); try { UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class); UserAndDepartment user = userMapper.getUserAndDepartmentById1(1L); LoggerUtil.printThread(user.toString()); }finally { sqlSession.close(); } } /** * 關聯查詢,1對多 */ @Test public void testUserAndDepartment2(){ SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); try { UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class); UserAndDepartment user = userMapper.getUserAndDepartmentById2(1L); LoggerUtil.printThread(user.toString()); }finally { sqlSession.close(); } } }
使用以上例子,就能夠運行起來MyBatis。看單元測試中的使用方法,分別描述了幾種常見方式。緩存
在單元測試類中咱們看到了MyBatis裏面的幾個核心對象:安全
這幾個核心對象在MyBatis的整個工做流程裏面的不一樣環節發揮做用。若是咱們不用容器,本身去管理這些對象的話,咱們必須考慮一個問題:何時建立和銷燬這些對象?
在一些分佈式應用裏,多線程高併發場景中,若是要寫出高效的代碼,就必須瞭解這四個對象的生命週期。
它是用來構建SqlSessionFactory與解析mybatis-config等配置的,而SqlSessionFactory只須要一個,因此只要構建了一個SqlSessionFactory以後它的使命就完成了,也就沒有存在的必要了。因此它的生命週期只存在於方法的局部。
SqlSessionFactory是用來建立SqlSession的,每次訪問數據庫都須要建立一個回話。由於咱們一直有建立會話的須要,因此SqlSessionFactory應該存在於應用的整個生命週期中(做用域是應用做用域)。建立SqlSession只須要一個實例來作這件事就能夠了,不然會形成混亂和資源浪費。因此咱們應該採用單例模式。
通常工廠類在都應該是單例模式。
SqlSession是一個會話,由於它不是線程安全的,不能在線程間共享。因此咱們在請求開始的時候建立一個SqlSession對象,在請求結束時要及時關閉它。也能夠把它理解成Jdbc 的Connection鏈接。
實際是Mapper是一個代理對象,是從SqlSession中獲取的。
UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
它的做用是發送Sql來操做數據庫的數據。它應該在一個SqlSession事務方法以內。
對象 | 做用域 |
---|---|
SqlSessionFactoryBuilder | 方法局部(method) |
SqlSessionFactory | 應用級別(application) |
SqlSession | 請求和操做(request、method) |
Mapper | 方法(method) |
以上就是四個核心對象的生命週期。