字符串操做、文件操做，英文詞頻統計預處理

做業來源：https://edu.cnblogs.com/campus/gzcc/GZCC-16SE1/homework/2684

1.字符串操做：

• 解析身份證號：生日、性別、出生地等。

  ID=input('請輸入十八位身份證號碼: ')
  if len(ID)==18:
    print("你的身份證號碼是 "+ID)
  else:
    print("錯誤的身份證號碼")
  year=ID[6:10]
  moon=ID[10:12]
  day=ID[12:14]
  ID_sex=ID[16:17]
  ID_check=ID[17]
  print("生日: "+year+'年'+moon+'月'+day+'日')
    
  if int(ID_sex)%2==0:
    print('性別：女')
  else:
    print('性別：男')
    
      
  W=[7,9,10,5,8,4,2,1,6,3,7,9,10,5,8,4,2]
  ID_num=[18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2]
  ID_CHECK=['1','0','X','9','8','7','6','5','4','3','2']
  ID_aXw=0
  for i in range(len(W)):
     
    ID_aXw=ID_aXw+int(ID[i])*W[i]
     
  ID_Check=ID_aXw%11
  if ID_check==ID_CHECK[ID_Check]:
    print('正確的身份證號碼')
  else:
    print('錯誤的身份證號碼')
  

  　　

• 凱撒密碼編碼與解碼

  import os
  def encryption():
    str_raw = input("請輸入明文：")
    k = int(input("請輸入位移值："))
    str_change = str_raw.lower()
    str_list = list(str_change)
    str_list_encry = str_list
    i = 0
    while i < len(str_list):
      if ord(str_list[i]) < 123-k:
        str_list_encry[i] = chr(ord(str_list[i]) + k)
      else:
        str_list_encry[i] = chr(ord(str_list[i]) + k - 26)
      i = i+1
    print ("加密結果爲："+"".join(str_list_encry))
  def decryption():
    str_raw = input("請輸入密文：")
    k = int(input("請輸入位移值："))
    str_change = str_raw.lower()
    str_list = list(str_change)
    str_list_decry = str_list
    i = 0
    while i < len(str_list):
      if ord(str_list[i]) >= 97+k:
        str_list_decry[i] = chr(ord(str_list[i]) - k)
      else:
        str_list_decry[i] = chr(ord(str_list[i]) + 26 - k)
      i = i+1
    print ("解密結果爲："+"".join(str_list_decry))
  while True:
    print (u"1. 加密")
    print (u"2. 解密")
    choice = input("請選擇：")
    if choice == "1":
      encryption()
    elif choice == "2":
      decryption()
    else:
      print (u"您的輸入有誤！")

• 網址觀察與批量生成

  for i in range(2,15):
      print('http://news.gzcc.cn/html/xiaoyuanxinwen/{}.html'.format(i))

• 2.英文詞頻統計預處理

  • 下載一首英文的歌詞或文章或小說。
  • 將全部大寫轉換爲小寫
  • 將全部其餘作分隔符（,.？！）替換爲空格
  • 分隔出一個一個的單詞
  • 並統計單詞出現的次數

    STR='''
    Twinkle  twinkle  little star 
    How I wonder what you are 
    Up above the world so high 
    Like a diamond in the sky 
    Twinkle  twinkle  little star 
    How I wonder what you are 
    Twinkle  twinkle  little star 
    How I wonder what you are 
    Up above the world so high 
    Like a diamond in the sky 
    Twinkle  twinkle  little star 
    How I wonder what you are 
    Twinkle  twinkle  little star 
    How I wonder what you are 
    Twinkle  twinkle  little star 
    How I wonder what you are
    '''
    STR = STR.lower()#將全部大寫轉換爲小寫
    print(STR)
    s = ',.？！'
    for i in s:
       STR = STR.replace(i,' ')#將全部其餘作分隔符（,.？！）替換爲空格
    print(STR)
    STR = STR.split()#分隔出一個一個的單詞
    print(STR)
    InfoSet = set(STR)
    Count = {}
    for word in InfoSet:
        Count.setdefault(word,STR.count(word))#統計單詞出現的次數
    print(Count)

  • 3.文件操做

    • 同一目錄、絕對路徑、相對路徑
    • 凱撒密碼：從文件讀入密函，進行加密或解密，保存到文件。

      def getMima():
          Massage = str(input("輸入明文並保存文本:"))
          with open('excise1.txt','w') as f:
              f.write(Massage)
              f.close()
          Mima = ''
          for i in Massage:
              Mima = Mima + chr(ord(i)+2)
          print('加密結果:'+Mima+'\n')
          with open('excise2.txt','w') as f:
              f.write(Mima)
              f.close()
      
      def getMassageFromTXT():
          print("對文本內容解碼..")
          with open('excise2.txt','r') as f:
              s = f.read()
          Massage = ''
          if s == None:
              print('沒有可解碼的文本\n')
          else:
              for i in s:
                  Massage = Massage + chr(ord(i)-2)
              print('解碼結果:'+Massage+'\n')
      
      if __name__ == '__main__':
          while 1:
              a = int(input('加密(1)解碼(2)退出(0):'))
              if a == 0:
                  break
              elif a == 1:
                  getMima()
              elif a == 2:
                  getMassageFromTXT()

      詞頻統計：下載一首英文的歌詞或文章或小說，保存爲utf8文件。從文件讀入文本進行處理

      song = '''Twinkle  twinkle  little star 
      How I wonder what you are 
      Up above the world so high 
      Like a diamond in the sky 
      Twinkle  twinkle  little star 
      How I wonder what you are 
      Twinkle  twinkle  little star 
      How I wonder what you are 
      Up above the world so high 
      Like a diamond in the sky 
      Twinkle  twinkle  little star 
      How I wonder what you are 
      Twinkle  twinkle  little star 
      How I wonder what you are 
      Twinkle  twinkle  little star 
      How I wonder what you areound that type of environment.
      '''
      f = open('excise.txt','a',encoding='utf-8')
      f.write(song)
      f.close()

      4.函數定義

      • 加密函數
      • 解密函數

        def getMima():
            Massage = str(input("輸入明文並保存文本:"))
            with open('excise1.txt','w') as f:
                f.write(Massage)
                f.close()
            Mima = ''
            for i in Massage:
                Mima = Mima + chr(ord(i)+2)
            print('加密結果:'+Mima+'\n')
            with open('excise2.txt','w') as f:
                f.write(Mima)
                f.close()
        
        def getMassageFromTXT():
            print("對文本內容解碼..")
            with open('excise2.txt','r') as f:
                s = f.read()
            Massage = ''
            if s == None:
                print('沒有可解碼的文本\n')
            else:
                for i in s:
                    Massage = Massage + chr(ord(i)-2)
                print('解碼結果:'+Massage+'\n')
        
        if __name__ == '__main__':
            while 1:
                a = int(input('加密(1)解碼(2)退出(0):'))
                if a == 0:
                    break
                elif a == 1:
                    getMima()
                elif a == 2:
                    getMassageFromTXT()

         

      • 讀文本函數

        def read():
            f = open('excise.txt','r')
            s = f.read()
            print(s)
            f.close()
        
        if __name__=='__main__':
            read()