CentOS靜默安裝Oracle 11gR2(x64)

時間  2019-12-11
標籤 centos 靜默 安裝 oracle 11gr2 x64 欄目 CentOS 简体版
原文   原文鏈接

環境

OS: CentOS 7.4; hosts: L134; IP: 192.168.1.134
DB: linux.x64_11gR2_databasehtml

安裝依賴包node

yum install -y binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf \
elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel \
libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make numactl \
sysstat libXp unixODBC unixODBC-devel

建立安裝文件的目錄（目錄不限，只要空間足夠便可）,並上傳安裝文件linux

mkdir -p /opt/oracle_install
cd /opt/oracle_install/
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

安裝pdksh，注意會不會與ksh衝突c++

wget http://vault.centos.org/5.11/os/i386/CentOS/pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.i386.rpm
yum localinstall pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.i386.rpm

建立Linux帳號sql

groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
groupadd oper
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle

passwd oracle
123456

配置內核參數(修改或添加如下內容)shell

vim /etc/sysctl.conf

kernel.shmall = 2097152
#kernel.shmmax最低：536870912，最大值：比物理內存小1個字節的值，建議超過物理內存的一半
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 
fs.file-max = 6815744
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

配置生效數據庫

sysctl -p

修改用戶限制vim

vim /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 10240

主機名與IP對應centos

vim /etc/hosts
192.168.1.134 L134

建立oracle安裝目錄bash

mkdir -p /data/app/oraInventory
chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/app
chmod 755 /data/app

上傳安裝文件，並解壓

cd /opt/oracle_install
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
切換用戶並修改配置文件（如下用oracle帳號配置和執行）
su - oracle
vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile

ORACLE_BASE=/data/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
ORACLE_SID=orcl
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$HOME/bin
export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID LD_LIBRARY_PATH PATH

export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'
source /home/oracle/.bash_profile

配置靜默安裝文件

mkdir -p /home/oracle/rsp
cp /opt/oracle_install/database/response/* /home/oracle/rsp
cd /home/oracle/rsp
chmod 700 *
vim db_install.rsp

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY     
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=L134        
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall     
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/data/app/oraInventory   
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en 
ORACLE_HOME=/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1    
ORACLE_BASE=/data/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE 
#自定義安裝，否，使用默認組件
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false 　　
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba   
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oper
#數據庫類型；註釋寫着GENERAL_PURPOSE/TRANSACTION_PROCESSING和DATA_WAREHOUSE是候選項，
#但實際前者只能二選一，須要注意。
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl 
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl      
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=2048 
#全部數據庫用戶使用同一個密碼
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=root123 
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

開始安裝

/opt/oracle_install/database/runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/rsp/db_install.rsp

安裝成功有以下提示

The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user. 
#!/bin/sh 
#Root scripts to run

/data/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
To execute the configuration scripts:
     1. Open a terminal window 
     2. Log in as "root" 
     3. Run the scripts 
     4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue 

Successfully Setup Software.

安裝日誌

/data/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs/installActionsXXXX.log
以root身份證執行如下兩個腳本（這一步須要切換爲root帳號執行）
su -
/data/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh

配置監聽（切換爲oracle帳號）

su - oracle
netca /silent /responseFile /home/oracle/rsp/netca.rsp

監聽安裝成功有相似以下提示

Parsing command line arguments:
    Parameter "silent" = true
    Parameter "responsefile" = /home/oracle/rsp/netca.rsp
Done parsing command line arguments.
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Profile configuration complete.
Oracle Net Listener Startup:
    Running Listener Control: 
      /data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
    Listener Control complete.
    Listener started successfully.
Listener configuration complete.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0

dbca建庫

修改應答文件
vim /home/oracle/rsp/dbca.rsp

[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"
OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
[CREATEDATABASE]
GDBNAME = "orcl"
SID = "orcl"
TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"
CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8"
開始建立數據庫

注意在xshell5下，執行了dbca命令後，會自動清屏，沒有顯示要求輸入sys和system用戶的密碼，實際是要輸入兩次相同的密碼的。

dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/rsp/dbca.rsp 
Enter SYS user password: 
Enter SYSTEM user password:

建立完成的提示

Copying database files
1% complete
3% complete
11% complete
18% complete
26% complete
37% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
40% complete
45% complete
50% complete
55% complete
56% complete
57% complete
60% complete
62% complete
Completing Database Creation
66% complete
70% complete
73% complete
74% complete
85% complete
96% complete
100% complete
Look at the log file "/data/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl/orcl.log" for further details.

此到，oracle已經安裝完成，可使用sqlplus登陸。


擴展

加強sqlplus的編輯功能

su -
cd /opt/oracle_install
wget https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
yum install readline rlwrap -y

su - oracle
echo 'alias sqlplus='"'"'rlwrap sqlplus'"'" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'alias rman='"'"'rlwrap rman'"'" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

美化sqlplus的顯示

echo 'set linesize 300' >> $ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin/glogin.sql
echo 'set pagesize 50000' >> $ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin/glogin.sql
echo 'set timing on' >> $ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin/glogin.sql

安裝故障

仔細查看錯誤提示和安裝日誌，通常都能定位到問題上，好比配置文件錯誤，依賴包問題或其餘先決條件不知足等，均可以在安裝日誌中查到。

未安裝完成停止的日誌在/tmp/OraInstallXXXXX/下，其中XXXX爲安裝日期，

故障1

[oracle@L134 ~]$ sqlplus
Error 6 initializing SQL*Plus
SP2-0667: Message file sp1<lang>.msb not found
SP2-0750: You may need to set ORACLE_HOME to your Oracle software directory

緣由：環境變量未配置或配置有問題

[oracle@L134 ~]$ echo $ORACLE_HOME
/data/oracle/11g2a

發現ORACLE_HOME的路徑寫錯，改正後再source一次便可。

故障2

從新安裝oracle時，沒有orainstRoot.sh文件
只提示運行：/data/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs_1/root.sh這個文件。

緣由：沒刪除/etc/oraInst.loc文件

故障3

靜默安裝Oracle時提示："[SEVERE] - Email Address Not Specified"
系統環境：CentOS 6.3 x86_64 + Oracle 11gR2

解決辦法：
修改responseFile文件，將DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=的值設爲true，若是爲空系統會假設該值爲false，DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=的值默認爲空。

故障4

Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB.   Actual 37373 MB    Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB.   Actual 4999 MB    Passed
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2018-03-07_07-08-17PM. Please wait ...
Invalid source path '../stage/Components/oracle.jdk/1.5.0.17.0/1/DataFiles' specified for unzip. Unzip command failed.   
Please check oraparam.ini and specify a valid source path.
No such file or directory

檢查：

  1. 安裝文件沒問題
  2. 安裝文件存放的路徑，不要有中文路徑
  3. 安裝路徑，不要有中文。

故障5

[FATAL] [INS-13013] Target environment do not meet some mandatory requirements.
CAUSE: Some of the mandatory prerequisites are not met.

解決辦法：
詳細查看安裝日誌。搜索SEVERE，FAILED，Severity，CRITICAL，Error這幾個關鍵字，看爲何沒有經過校驗。
若是實豐沒有辦法，如在CentOS 6.x 64位下，已經安裝了glibc-2.12-1.209.el6_9.2.x86_64，但在檢驗時，出現以下錯誤。由於oracel要求:glibc-2.3.4-2.41(i686) 32位的，但實際已經安裝64位更新的版本了，此檢驗能夠忽略。找到32位的舊版本的glibc，但死活安裝不上。最後只能加上-ignorePrereq參數，但最好仍是所有經過檢驗比較好。

955-INFO: *********************************************
956-INFO: Package: glibc-2.3.4-2.41: This is a prerequisite condition to test whether the package "glibc-2.3.4-2.41" is available on the system.
957-INFO: Severity:CRITICAL
958:INFO: OverallStatus:VERIFICATION_FAILED
959-INFO: -----------------------------------------------
960-INFO: Verification Result for Node:oracletest1
961-INFO: Expected Value:glibc-2.3.4-2.41 (i686)
962-INFO: Actual Value:missing
963-INFO: Error Message:PRVF-7532 : Package "glibc-2.3.4-2.41 (i686)" is missing on node "134test"
964-INFO: Cause: A required package is either not installed or, if the package is a kernel module, is not loaded on the specified node.
965-INFO: Action: Ensure that the required package is installed and available.
966-INFO: -----------------------------------------------

故障

查看安裝日誌，除了一些WARNING以外，還發現有幾個VERIFICATION_FAILED，不過都是IGNORABLE。仔細去查下這些依賴包其實都是已經安裝好了的。如下是其中一部分。

797 INFO: OS Kernel Parameter: semmni: This is a prerequisite condition to test whether the OS kernel parameter "semmni" is properly set.
  798 INFO: Severity:IGNORABLE
  799 INFO: OverallStatus:VERIFICATION_FAILED
  800 INFO: -----------------------------------------------
  801 INFO: Verification Result for Node:134test
  802 INFO: Expected Value:128
  803 INFO: Actual Value:0
  804 INFO: Error Message:PRVF-7543 : OS Kernel parameter "semmni" does not have proper value on node "134test" [Expected = "128" ; Found = "0"].
  805 INFO: Cause: Kernel parameter value does not meet the requirement.
  806 INFO: Action: Modify the kernel parameter value to meet the requirement.
  807 INFO: -----------------------------------------------


  926 INFO: Package: libaio-0.3.105: This is a prerequisite condition to test whether the package "libaio-0.3.105" is available on the system.
  927 INFO: Severity:IGNORABLE
  928 INFO: OverallStatus:VERIFICATION_FAILED
  929 INFO: -----------------------------------------------
  930 INFO: Verification Result for Node:134test
  931 INFO: Expected Value:libaio-0.3.105 (i386)
  932 INFO: Actual Value:missing
  933 INFO: Error Message:PRVF-7532 : Package "libaio-0.3.105 (i386)" is missing on node "134test"
  934 INFO: Cause: A required package is either not installed or, if the package is a kernel module, is not loaded on the specified node.
  935 INFO: Action: Ensure that the required package is installed and available.
  936 INFO: -----------------------------------------------

圖形界面安裝，請參考：https://www.cnblogs.com/fishparadise/p/9189325.html

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