雲計算管理平臺之OpenStack簡介及基礎環境搭建
1、簡介node
什麼是openstack?它是幹嗎用的？python
簡單說openstack是雲計算管理平臺，主要對雲環境中的虛擬機作增刪查改；它可以將多臺物理設備的資源（cpu/內存等）整合成一個大的資源池，而後根據openstack提供的api接口向用戶提供使用；用戶能夠根據openstack提供的資源池接口來啓動虛擬機，管理虛擬機；openstack 主要組成由控制節點和計算節點組成；其中控制節點由多個組件組成，每一個組件都是以api的形式向外提供服務，這多個組件共同組成了控制節點，因此控制節點上運行了不少服務；計算節點一般是指提供物理硬件，用於啓動虛擬機的物理設備；mysql
2、架構linux
提示：openstack主要把底層的多臺server的資源分爲了三類，計算，網絡和存儲；用戶能夠經過openstack提供的web界面直接在openstack上啓動虛擬機實例；c++
3、openstack基礎環境準備web
本次實驗是以openstack R版爲例，其中各服務器角色以下sql
| 主機名 | 角色 | ip地址 |
| node01 | 控制節點 | 192.168.0.41/24 |
| node02 | 數據庫服務器 | 192.168.0.42/24 |
| node03 | 計算節點 | 192.168.0.43/24 |
一、各server上的基礎環境配置數據庫
1）時間同步vim
[root@node01 ~]# grep server /etc/chrony.conf # Use public servers from the pool.ntp.org project. server time.test.org iburst # Serve time even if not synchronized to any NTP server. [root@node01 ~]# scp /etc/chrony.conf node02:/etc/ chrony.conf 100% 1141 992.7KB/s 00:00 [root@node01 ~]# scp /etc/chrony.conf node03:/etc/ chrony.conf 100% 1141 663.6KB/s 00:00 [root@node01 ~]# chronyc sources 210 Number of sources = 1 MS Name/IP address Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample =============================================================================== ^* time.test.org 3 6 377 40 -15us[ -86us] +/- 20ms [root@node01 ~]# ssh node02 'chronyc sources' 210 Number of sources = 1 MS Name/IP address Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample =============================================================================== ^* time.test.org 3 6 377 49 -6552ns[ -15us] +/- 20ms [root@node01 ~]# ssh node03 'chronyc sources' 210 Number of sources = 1 MS Name/IP address Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample =============================================================================== ^* time.test.org 3 6 377 52 -30us[ -103us] +/- 20ms [root@node01 ~]#
2）主機名解析centos
[root@node01 ~]# cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 192.168.0.99 time.test.org time-node 192.168.0.41 node01.test.org node01 controller 192.168.0.42 node02.test.org node02 192.168.0.43 node03.test.org node03 192.168.0.44 node04.test.org node04 192.168.0.45 node05.test.org node05 192.168.0.46 node06.test.org node06 [root@node01 ~]# scp /etc/hosts node02:/etc/ hosts 100% 423 29.5KB/s 00:00 [root@node01 ~]# scp /etc/hosts node03:/etc/ hosts 100% 423 46.5KB/s 00:00 [root@node01 ~]#
3）關閉selinux、iptables和NetworkManager
[root@node01 ~]# sed -i 's@SELINUX=enforcing@SELINUX=disabled@g' /etc/selinux/config [root@node01 ~]# setenforce 0 [root@node01 ~]# getenforce Permissive [root@node01 ~]# ssh node02 'sed -i 's@SELINUX=enforcing@SELINUX=disabled@g' /etc/selinux/config' [root@node01 ~]# ssh node02 'setenforce 0 && getenforce' Permissive [root@node01 ~]# ssh node03 'sed -i 's@SELINUX=enforcing@SELINUX=disabled@g' /etc/selinux/config' [root@node01 ~]# ssh node03 'setenforce 0 && getenforce' Permissive [root@node01 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld NetworkManager [root@node01 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld NetworkManager Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/NetworkManager.service. Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.service. Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.nm-dispatcher.service. [root@node01 ~]# ssh node02 'systemctl stop firewalld NetworkManager && systemctl disable firewalld NetworkManager' Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/NetworkManager.service. Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.service. Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.nm-dispatcher.service. [root@node01 ~]# ssh node03 'systemctl stop firewalld NetworkManager && systemctl disable firewalld NetworkManager' Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/NetworkManager.service. Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.service. Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.nm-dispatcher.service. [root@node01 ~]#
提示：若是你的系統是最小化安裝，這裏還須要安裝一些基礎的包；yum install -y vim wget tree lrzsz gcc gcc-c++ automake pcre pcre-devel zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel iproute net-tools iotop lsof ntpdate telnet bridge-utils；
4）各服務器配置阿里雲的base倉庫和epel倉庫包
[root@node01 ~]# rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo [root@node01 ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo --2020-10-27 22:43:42-- http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo Resolving mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 118.116.3.238, 118.123.164.244, 118.123.164.119, ... Connecting to mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|118.116.3.238|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 2523 (2.5K) [application/octet-stream] Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo’ 100%[====================================================================================>] 2,523 --.-K/s in 0s 2020-10-27 22:43:42 (180 MB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo’ saved [2523/2523] [root@node01 ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo --2020-10-27 22:43:51-- http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo Resolving mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 118.116.3.248, 118.123.164.120, 125.64.102.239, ... Connecting to mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|118.116.3.248|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 664 [application/octet-stream] Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo’ 100%[====================================================================================>] 664 --.-K/s in 0s 2020-10-27 22:43:51 (95.0 MB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo’ saved [664/664] [root@node01 ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/ total 8 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 219 Oct 27 22:42 bak -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2523 Jun 16 2018 CentOS-Base.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 664 May 11 2018 epel.repo [root@node01 ~]#
提示：在node02和node03上都要作以上操做；
二、在各節點上配置openstack R版的yum倉庫
[root@node01 ~]# yum install centos-release-openstack-rocky -y
提示：以上操做會在/etc/yum.repos.d/目錄下生成不少repo文件；
驗證：查看/etcyum.repos.d/目錄下是否多了不少repo文件？
[root@node01 ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/ total 56 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 219 Oct 27 22:42 bak -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2523 Jun 16 2018 CentOS-Base.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 850 Jul 31 2018 CentOS-Ceph-Luminous.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 Apr 8 2020 CentOS-CR.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 649 Apr 8 2020 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 314 Apr 8 2020 CentOS-fasttrack.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 630 Apr 8 2020 CentOS-Media.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1186 Aug 29 2018 CentOS-OpenStack-rocky.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 612 Feb 1 2019 CentOS-QEMU-EV.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 Apr 8 2020 CentOS-Sources.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 353 Jul 31 2018 CentOS-Storage-common.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 7577 Apr 8 2020 CentOS-Vault.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 616 Apr 8 2020 CentOS-x86_64-kernel.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 664 May 11 2018 epel.repo [root@node01 ~]#
提示：這裏面的repo文件倉庫地址都是指向centos的官方倉庫，若是國內下載速度慢，能夠把對應的地址指向阿里雲；
把centos-openstack-rocky.repo地址指向阿里雲
提示：這裏只須要改第一個就行，後面的倉庫都是禁用了的，不用更改；
把node01上的centos-openstack-rocky.repo文件複製給node02和node03
[root@node01 ~]# scp /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-OpenStack-rocky.repo node02:/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-OpenStack-rocky.repo CentOS-OpenStack-rocky.repo 100% 1261 832.6KB/s 00:00 [root@node01 ~]# scp /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-OpenStack-rocky.repo node03:/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-OpenStack-rocky.repo CentOS-OpenStack-rocky.repo 100% 1261 387.4KB/s 00:00 [root@node01 ~]#
提示：複製要在後兩個節點都裝了centos-release-openstack-rocky這個包之後，以避免後續裝包覆蓋倉庫地址文件；
三、在各節點安裝python-openstackclient和openstack-selinux包
[root@node01 ~]# yum install -y python-openstackclient openstack-selinux
四、在node02上部署mariadb-server
先查看mariadb-server這個包是否來自openstack-rocky這個倉庫
提示：若是可以看到mariadb-server這個包來自centos-openstack-rocky這個倉庫，說明咱們配置的倉庫沒有問題；這裏建議儘可能使用openstacke-rocky倉庫中提供的包，若是其餘倉庫提供的包可能存在不兼容的問題；
下載安裝mairadb-server
[root@node02 ~]# yum install mariadb-server -y Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * centos-qemu-ev: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mariadb-server.x86_64 3:10.1.20-2.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: mariadb-common(x86-64) = 3:10.1.20-2.el7 for package: 3:mariadb-server-10.1.20-2.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: mariadb-errmsg(x86-64) = 3:10.1.20-2.el7 for package: 3:mariadb-server-10.1.20-2.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: mysql(x86-64) for package: 3:mariadb-server-10.1.20-2.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: mysql-compat-client(x86-64) for package: 3:mariadb-server-10.1.20-2.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl(DBD::mysql) for package: 3:mariadb-server-10.1.20-2.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl(DBI) for package: 3:mariadb-server-10.1.20-2.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl(Data::Dumper) for package: 3:mariadb-server-10.1.20-2.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: rsync for package: 3:mariadb-server-10.1.20-2.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: socat for package: 3:mariadb-server-10.1.20-2.el7.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package mariadb.x86_64 3:10.1.20-2.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: mariadb-libs(x86-64) = 3:10.1.20-2.el7 for package: 3:mariadb-10.1.20-2.el7.x86_64 ……省略部份內容…… Installed: mariadb-server.x86_64 3:10.1.20-2.el7 Dependency Installed: mariadb.x86_64 3:10.1.20-2.el7 mariadb-common.x86_64 3:10.1.20-2.el7 mariadb-config.x86_64 3:10.1.20-2.el7 mariadb-errmsg.x86_64 3:10.1.20-2.el7 perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7 perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.023-6.el7 perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7 perl-Data-Dumper.x86_64 0:2.145-3.el7 perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7 perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7 perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7 rsync.x86_64 0:3.1.2-10.el7 socat.x86_64 0:1.7.3.2-2.el7 Dependency Updated: mariadb-libs.x86_64 3:10.1.20-2.el7 Complete! [root@node02 ~]#
配置數據庫
[root@node02 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf.d/openstack.cnf [mysqld] bind-address = 0.0.0.0 default-storage-engine = innodb innodb_file_per_table = on max_connections = 4096 collation-server = utf8_general_ci character-set-server = utf8 [root@node02 ~]#
設置mariadb-server開機啓動，並啓動mairadb-server
[root@node02 ~]# systemctl enable mariadb.service Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service. [root@node02 ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service [root@node02 ~]# ss -tnl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:3306 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::* [root@node02 ~]#
五、在node01上安裝python2-PyMySQL包，用於控制節點鏈接數據庫驅動
[root@node01 ~]# yum install -y python2-PyMySQL Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * centos-qemu-ev: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package python2-PyMySQL.noarch 0:0.9.3-1.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================================================================== Installing: python2-PyMySQL noarch 0.9.3-1.el7 epel 91 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================================================================== Install 1 Package Total download size: 91 k Installed size: 372 k Downloading packages: python2-PyMySQL-0.9.3-1.el7.noarch.rpm | 91 kB 00:00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : python2-PyMySQL-0.9.3-1.el7.noarch 1/1 Verifying : python2-PyMySQL-0.9.3-1.el7.noarch 1/1 Installed: python2-PyMySQL.noarch 0:0.9.3-1.el7 Complete! [root@node01 ~]#
六、在node02上部署memcached
[root@node02 ~]# yum install memcached -y Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * centos-qemu-ev: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package memcached.x86_64 0:1.5.6-1.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================================================================== Installing: memcached x86_64 1.5.6-1.el7 centos-openstack-rocky 124 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================================================================== Install 1 Package Total download size: 124 k Installed size: 268 k Downloading packages: memcached-1.5.6-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 124 kB 00:00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : memcached-1.5.6-1.el7.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : memcached-1.5.6-1.el7.x86_64 1/1 Installed: memcached.x86_64 0:1.5.6-1.el7 Complete! [root@node02 ~]#
配置memcached
[root@node02 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/memcached PORT="11211" USER="memcached" MAXCONN="4096" CACHESIZE="1024" OPTIONS="-l 0.0.0.0,::1" [root@node02 ~]#
設置memcached開機啓動，並啓動memcached服務
[root@node02 ~]# systemctl enable memcached.service Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/memcached.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/memcached.service. [root@node02 ~]# systemctl start memcached.service [root@node02 ~]# ss -tnl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:11211 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:3306 *:* LISTEN 0 128 ::1:11211 :::* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::* [root@node02 ~]#
七、在node01上安裝鏈接memcached驅動，python-memcached
[root@node01 ~]# yum install -y python-memcached Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * centos-qemu-ev: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package python-memcached.noarch 0:1.58-1.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================================================================== Installing: python-memcached noarch 1.58-1.el7 centos-openstack-rocky 38 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================================================================== Install 1 Package Total download size: 38 k Installed size: 123 k Downloading packages: python-memcached-1.58-1.el7.noarch.rpm | 38 kB 00:00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : python-memcached-1.58-1.el7.noarch 1/1 Verifying : python-memcached-1.58-1.el7.noarch 1/1 Installed: python-memcached.noarch 0:1.58-1.el7 Complete! [root@node01 ~]#
八、在node02上部署rabbitmq-server
[root@node02 ~]# yum install rabbitmq-server -y Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * centos-qemu-ev: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package rabbitmq-server.noarch 0:3.6.16-1.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: erlang-eldap >= 18 for package: rabbitmq-server-3.6.16-1.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: erlang-erts >= 18 for package: rabbitmq-server-3.6.16-1.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: erlang-kernel >= 18 for package: rabbitmq-server-3.6.16-1.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: erlang-mnesia >= 18 for package: rabbitmq-server-3.6.16-1.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: erlang-os_mon >= 18 for package: rabbitmq-server-3.6.16-1.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: erlang-public_key >= 18 for package: rabbitmq-server-3.6.16-1.el7.noarch ……省略部份內容…… Installed: rabbitmq-server.noarch 0:3.6.16-1.el7 Dependency Installed: erlang-asn1.x86_64 0:19.3.6.4-1.el7 erlang-compiler.x86_64 0:19.3.6.4-1.el7 erlang-crypto.x86_64 0:19.3.6.4-1.el7 erlang-eldap.x86_64 0:19.3.6.4-1.el7 erlang-erts.x86_64 0:19.3.6.4-1.el7 erlang-hipe.x86_64 0:19.3.6.4-1.el7 erlang-inets.x86_64 0:19.3.6.4-1.el7 erlang-kernel.x86_64 0:19.3.6.4-1.el7 erlang-mnesia.x86_64 0:19.3.6.4-1.el7 erlang-os_mon.x86_64 0:19.3.6.4-1.el7 erlang-otp_mibs.x86_64 0:19.3.6.4-1.el7 erlang-public_key.x86_64 0:19.3.6.4-1.el7 erlang-runtime_tools.x86_64 0:19.3.6.4-1.el7 erlang-sasl.x86_64 0:19.3.6.4-1.el7 erlang-sd_notify.x86_64 0:1.0-2.el7 erlang-snmp.x86_64 0:19.3.6.4-1.el7 erlang-ssl.x86_64 0:19.3.6.4-1.el7 erlang-stdlib.x86_64 0:19.3.6.4-1.el7 erlang-syntax_tools.x86_64 0:19.3.6.4-1.el7 erlang-tools.x86_64 0:19.3.6.4-1.el7 erlang-xmerl.x86_64 0:19.3.6.4-1.el7 lksctp-tools.x86_64 0:1.0.17-2.el7 Complete! [root@node02 ~]#
設置rabbitmq-server開機啓動，並啓動mabbitmq-server服務
[root@node02 ~]# systemctl enable rabbitmq-server.service Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rabbitmq-server.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/rabbitmq-server.service. [root@node02 ~]# systemctl start rabbitmq-server.service [root@node02 ~]# ss -tnl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:11211 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:4369 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:25672 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:3306 *:* LISTEN 0 128 ::1:11211 :::* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 0 128 :::5672 :::* [root@node02 ~]#
建立openstack用戶並設置密碼爲openstack123
[root@node02 ~]# rabbitmqctl add_user openstack openstack123 Creating user "openstack" [root@node02 ~]# rabbitmqctl list_users Listing users openstack [] guest [administrator] [root@node02 ~]#
受權openstack用戶對/下的全部文件有讀寫
[root@node02 ~]# rabbitmqctl set_permissions openstack ".*" ".*" ".*" Setting permissions for user "openstack" in vhost "/" [root@node02 ~]# rabbitmqctl list_permissions Listing permissions in vhost "/" guest .* .* .* openstack .* .* .* [root@node02 ~]#
到此，openstack的基礎環境和數據庫節點就準備ok了，後續咱們就能夠在逐一安裝各個控制節點上的服務和計算節點上的服務；
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