MySQL5.6.25升級MySQL5.7.15

MySQL5.6升級MySQL5.7

環境介紹

Part1:寫在最前

提到MySQL升級，網上文章數之不盡，但大多數爲老的版本，諸如5.1升級到5.五、5.5升級到5.6，今天給你們介紹下MySQL5.6升級到MySQL5.7版本的方法和注意事項。

Part2:升級方法

升級的方法通常有兩類：

1.利用mysqldump來直接導出sql文件，導入到新庫中，這種方法是最省事兒的，也是最保險的，缺點的話，也顯而易見，大庫的mysqldump費時費力。

2.直接替換掉mysql的安裝目錄和my.cnf，利用mysql_upgrade 來完成系統表的升級，這種方法須要備份原有的文件，但屬於物理拷貝，速度較快。缺點的話，跨版本升級不推薦這麼作，好比mysql5.1升級到mysql5.6,mysql5.5升級到mysql5.7等。

本文采用的是第二種方法升級。

Part3:環境

數據庫軟件目錄：/usr/local/mysql

my.cnf位置：/etc/my.cnf

數據庫data目錄：/data/mysql

慢日誌目錄：/data/slowlog

準備工做

Part1:MySQL5.6.25

[root@HE3 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.25-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> select version();
+------------+
| version()  |
+------------+
| 5.6.25-log |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use helei;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+-----------------+
| Tables_in_helei |
+-----------------+
| helei           |
+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

我這裏用的是5.6.25版本做爲待升級庫，庫中已經模擬和建立了數據庫helei和表helei，用以以後驗證升級。

Part2:備份

備份總體須要備份的是my.cnf、數據庫安裝目錄、還有數據目錄。

[root@HE3 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop

Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 

[root@HE3 etc]# cp -rp my.cnf my_56_old.cnf

[root@HE3 local]# cp -rp mysql mysql_56_old

[root@HE3 ~]# rm -rf /usr/local/mysql

[root@HE3 data]# cp -rp mysql/ mysql_56_old

這裏我直接採用cp的方式來進行。

Part3:替換

1.替換/etc/my.cnf爲mysql5.7的my.cnf

[root@HE3 ~]#vi /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port=3306
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
default-character-set=utf8
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
port=3306
character-set-server=utf8
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true
lower_case_table_names=1
back_log=103
max_connections=3000
max_connect_errors=100000
table_open_cache=512
external-locking=FALSE
max_allowed_packet=32M
sort_buffer_size=2M
join_buffer_size=2M
thread_cache_size=51
query_cache_size=32M
#query_cache_limit=4M
transaction_isolation=REPEATABLE-READ
tmp_table_size=96M
max_heap_table_size=96M
###***slowqueryparameters
long_query_time=1
slow_query_log = 1
slow_query_log_file=/data/slowlog/slow.log
###***binlogparameters
log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog_cache_size=4M
max_binlog_cache_size=8M
max_binlog_size=1024M
binlog_format=MIXED
expire_logs_days=7
###***relay-logparameters
#relay-log=/data/3307/relay-bin
#relay-log-info-file=/data/3307/relay-log.info
#master-info-repository=table
#relay-log-info-repository=table
#relay-log-recovery=1
#***MyISAMparameters
key_buffer_size=16M
read_buffer_size=1M
read_rnd_buffer_size=16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size=1M
#skip-name-resolve
###***master-slavereplicationparameters
server-id=$SERVERID
slave-skip-errors=all
#***Innodbstorageengineparameters
innodb_buffer_pool_size=512M
innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:10M:autoextend
#innodb_file_io_threads=8
innodb_thread_concurrency=16
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
innodb_log_buffer_size=16M
innodb_log_file_size=512M
innodb_log_files_in_group=2
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct=75
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_pct=50
innodb_lock_wait_timeout=50
innodb_file_per_table=on
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown=1
innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_startup=1
sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet=32M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer=16M
sort_buffer_size=16M
read_buffer=8M
write_buffer=8M
[mysqld_safe]
open-files-limit=8192
log-error=/data/mysql/error.log
pid-file=/data/mysql/mysqld.pid

2.解壓新版mysql

[root@HE3 ~]# tar xvf mysql-5.7.15-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz 

[root@HE3 ~]# mv mysql-5.7.15-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

[root@HE3 ~]# chown -R mysql. /usr/local/mysql

3.替換新版mysqld啓動腳本

[root@HE3 ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

cp: overwrite `/etc/init.d/mysqld'? y

開始升級

Part1:啓動

[root@HE3 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL..... SUCCESS! 
[root@HE3 ~]# ps -ef|grep mysql
root     26467     1  0 20:30 pts/2    00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/data/mysql --pid-file=/data/mysql/HE3.pid
mysql    27197 26467  4 20:30 pts/2    00:00:01 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/error.log --open-files-limit=8192 --pid-file=/data/mysql/HE3.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306
root     27235 25656  0 20:31 pts/2    00:00:00 grep mysql

這裏雖然啓動成功了，但error日誌裏能捕捉到不少錯誤信息，由於沒有升級字典，諸如：

2016-10-20T03:30:27.375466Z 0 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'events_statements_summary_by_program' has the wrong structure
2016-10-20T03:30:27.375506Z 0 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'events_transactions_current' has the wrong structure
2016-10-20T03:30:27.375536Z 0 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'events_transactions_history' has the wrong structure
2016-10-20T03:30:27.375568Z 0 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'events_transactions_history_long' has the wrong structure
2016-10-20T03:30:27.375598Z 0 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'events_transactions_summary_by_thread_by_event_name' has the wrong structure

Part2:系統表升級

1.升級數據字典

[root@HE3 ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_upgrade -uroot -pMANAGER
mysql_upgrade: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Checking if update is needed.
Checking server version.
Running queries to upgrade MySQL server.
Checking system database.
mysql.columns_priv                                 OK
mysql.db                                           OK
mysql.engine_cost                                  OK
mysql.event                                        OK
mysql.func                                         OK
mysql.general_log                                  OK
mysql.gtid_executed                                OK
mysql.help_category                                OK
mysql.help_keyword                                 OK
mysql.help_relation                                OK
mysql.help_topic                                   OK
mysql.innodb_index_stats                           OK
mysql.innodb_table_stats                           OK
mysql.ndb_binlog_index                             OK
mysql.plugin                                       OK
mysql.proc                                         OK
mysql.procs_priv                                   OK
mysql.proxies_priv                                 OK
mysql.server_cost                                  OK
mysql.servers                                      OK
mysql.slave_master_info                            OK
mysql.slave_relay_log_info                         OK
mysql.slave_worker_info                            OK
mysql.slow_log                                     OK
mysql.tables_priv                                  OK
mysql.time_zone                                    OK
mysql.time_zone_leap_second                        OK
mysql.time_zone_name                               OK
mysql.time_zone_transition                         OK
mysql.time_zone_transition_type                    OK
mysql.user                                         OK
Upgrading the sys schema.
Checking databases.
helei.helei                                        OK
sys.sys_config                                     OK
Upgrade process completed successfully.
Checking if update is needed.

2.重啓實例再次檢查error日誌

[root@HE3 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart

Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 

Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 

3.請保證一些路徑的設置和之前的my.cnf一致，若是設置錯誤，極可能致使啓動不了數據庫

[ERROR] Could not use /data/slowlog/slow.log for logging

我這裏是因爲慢日誌的位置和老的mysql5.6路徑不一致，建立/data/slowlog便可，這裏要仔細看報錯，而後根據報錯來發現和解決問題。

驗證結果

Part1:輸入用戶名密碼檢查結果

[root@HE3 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.15-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> select version();
+------------+
| version()  |
+------------+
| 5.7.15-log |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

Part2:驗證庫和表是否有丟失

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| helei              |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| test               |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

升級5.7後，咱們會發現多了一個sys庫，這個庫有不少的功能，之後再給你們慢慢介紹~

——總結——

MySQL升級有多種方式，但不管採用何種方式，都要作好備份和回滾的準備，以免升級失敗所帶來的損失。因爲筆者的水平有限，編寫時間也很倉促，文中不免會出現一些錯誤或者不許確的地方，不妥之處懇請讀者批評指正。