CentOS 7 yum 安裝 postgis 和使用簡單查詢

時間 2019-11-19

標籤 centos yum 安裝 postgis 使用簡單查詢欄目 CentOS 简体版

原文原文鏈接

本文安裝環境是 CentOS7.6。安裝版本是 postgresql-11 。推薦關閉SELinux和防火牆打開相應端口。linux

安裝 postgresql-server。postgesql-server 官方安裝教程。sql

#設置安裝源
[root@promote ~]# yum install https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/11/redhat/rhel-7-ppc64le/pgdg-centos11-11-2.noarch.rpm
#安裝postgresql11-server
[root@promote ~]# yum install postgresql11-server postgresql11-client postgresql11-libs postgresql11-contrib postgresql11-devel
#初始化數據庫
[root@promote ~]# /usr/pgsql-11/bin/postgresql-11-setup initdb
#添加開機啓動
[root@promote ~]# systemctl enable postgresql-11

安裝 postgis 。參考postgis 官方安裝教程Red Hat / Centos / Scientific Linux 選項。數據庫

#安裝epel-release
[root@promote ~]# yum -y install epel-release
#安裝postgis
[root@promote ~]# sudo yum install postgis25_11 postgis25_11-devel postgis25_11-client postgis25_11-debuginfo postgis25_11-utils
#安裝ogr_fdw11擴展
[root@promote ~]# yum install ogr_fdw11 ogr_fdw11-debuginfo pgrouting_11 pgrouting_11-debuginfo
#可選添加開機啓動
[root@promote ~]# systemctl enable postgresql-11
#啓動和查看postgresql-11服務
[root@promote ~]# systemctl start postgresql-11
[root@promote ~]# systemctl status postgresql-11
[root@promote ~]# systemctl list-unit-files | grep postgresql
postgresql-11.service                         enabled 
#查看開機啓動
[root@promote ~]# systemctl list-unit-files | grep postgresql
postgresql-11.service                         enabled 
[root@promote ~]# 
#查看數據庫服務端口開啓狀況
[root@promote ~]# netstat -ntlp | grep post
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:5432          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      10592/postmaster    
tcp6       0      0 ::1:5432                :::*                    LISTEN      10592/postmaster    
[root@promote ~]#

建立用戶，建立數據庫gistest，切換用戶到postgres，鏈接和切換數據庫，查看postgis版本信息。centos

[root@promote ~]# su - postgres
#非第一次登陸
[root@promote ~]# su - postgres
上一次登陸：五 4月 12 16:51:07 CST 2019pts/1 上
-bash-4.2$ psql
psql (11.2)
輸入 "help" 來獲取幫助信息.


postgres=# 
#安裝EXTENSION
postgres=# CREATE EXTENSION postgis;
CREATE EXTENSION
postgres=# CREATE EXTENSION postgis_topology;
CREATE EXTENSION
postgres=# CREATE EXTENSION adminpack;
CREATE EXTENSION
postgres=# CREATE EXTENSION postgis_sfcgal;
CREATE EXTENSION
postgres=# CREATE EXTENSION fuzzystrmatch;
CREATE EXTENSION
postgres=# CREATE EXTENSION address_standardizer;
CREATE EXTENSION
postgres=# CREATE EXTENSION address_standardizer_data_us;
CREATE EXTENSION
postgres=# CREATE EXTENSION postgis_tiger_geocoder;
CREATE EXTENSION
postgres=# 

postgres=# \dx
                                                                             已安裝擴展列表
             名稱             | 版本  |  架構模式  |                                                        描述                                         
                
------------------------------+-------+------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 address_standardizer         | 2.5.2 | public     | Used to parse an address into constituent elements. Generally used to support geocoding address normalization step.
 address_standardizer_data_us | 2.5.2 | public     | Address Standardizer US dataset example
 adminpack                    | 2.0   | pg_catalog | administrative functions for PostgreSQL
 fuzzystrmatch                | 1.1   | public     | determine similarities and distance between strings
 plpgsql                      | 1.0   | pg_catalog | PL/pgSQL procedural language
 postgis                      | 2.5.2 | public     | PostGIS geometry, geography, and raster spatial types and functions
 postgis_sfcgal               | 2.5.2 | public     | PostGIS SFCGAL functions
 postgis_tiger_geocoder       | 2.5.2 | tiger      | PostGIS tiger geocoder and reverse geocoder
 postgis_topology             | 2.5.2 | topology   | PostGIS topology spatial types and functions
(9 行記錄)

postgres=# \d
                        關聯列表
 架構模式 |           名稱           |  類型  |  擁有者  
----------+--------------------------+--------+----------
 public   | city                     | 數據表 | postgres
 public   | geography_columns        | 視圖   | postgres
 public   | geometry_columns         | 視圖   | postgres
 public   | raster_columns           | 視圖   | postgres
 public   | raster_overviews         | 視圖   | postgres
 public   | spatial_ref_sys          | 數據表 | postgres
 public   | us_gaz                   | 數據表 | postgres
 public   | us_gaz_id_seq            | 序列數 | postgres
 public   | us_lex                   | 數據表 | postgres
 public   | us_lex_id_seq            | 序列數 | postgres
 public   | us_rules                 | 數據表 | postgres
 public   | us_rules_id_seq          | 序列數 | postgres
 tiger    | addr                     | 數據表 | postgres
 tiger    | addr_gid_seq             | 序列數 | postgres
 tiger    | addrfeat                 | 數據表 | postgres
 tiger    | addrfeat_gid_seq         | 序列數 | postgres
 tiger    | bg                       | 數據表 | postgres
 tiger    | bg_gid_seq               | 序列數 | postgres
 tiger    | county                   | 數據表 | postgres
 tiger    | county_gid_seq           | 序列數 | postgres
 tiger    | county_lookup            | 數據表 | postgres
 tiger    | countysub_lookup         | 數據表 | postgres
 tiger    | cousub                   | 數據表 | postgres
 tiger    | cousub_gid_seq           | 序列數 | postgres
 tiger    | direction_lookup         | 數據表 | postgres
 tiger    | edges                    | 數據表 | postgres
 tiger    | edges_gid_seq            | 序列數 | postgres
 tiger    | faces                    | 數據表 | postgres
 tiger    | faces_gid_seq            | 序列數 | postgres
 tiger    | featnames                | 數據表 | postgres
 tiger    | featnames_gid_seq        | 序列數 | postgres
 tiger    | geocode_settings         | 數據表 | postgres
 tiger    | geocode_settings_default | 數據表 | postgres
 tiger    | loader_lookuptables      | 數據表 | postgres
 tiger    | loader_platform          | 數據表 | postgres
 tiger    | loader_variables         | 數據表 | postgres
 tiger    | pagc_gaz                 | 數據表 | postgres
 tiger    | pagc_gaz_id_seq          | 序列數 | postgres
 tiger    | pagc_lex                 | 數據表 | postgres
 tiger    | pagc_lex_id_seq          | 序列數 | postgres
 tiger    | pagc_rules               | 數據表 | postgres
 tiger    | pagc_rules_id_seq        | 序列數 | postgres
 tiger    | place                    | 數據表 | postgres
 tiger    | place_gid_seq            | 序列數 | postgres
 tiger    | place_lookup             | 數據表 | postgres
 tiger    | secondary_unit_lookup    | 數據表 | postgres
 tiger    | state                    | 數據表 | postgres
 tiger    | state_gid_seq            | 序列數 | postgres
 tiger    | state_lookup             | 數據表 | postgres
 tiger    | street_type_lookup       | 數據表 | postgres
 tiger    | tabblock                 | 數據表 | postgres
 tiger    | tabblock_gid_seq         | 序列數 | postgres
 tiger    | tract                    | 數據表 | postgres
 tiger    | tract_gid_seq            | 序列數 | postgres
 tiger    | zcta5                    | 數據表 | postgres
 tiger    | zcta5_gid_seq            | 序列數 | postgres
 tiger    | zip_lookup               | 數據表 | postgres
 tiger    | zip_lookup_all           | 數據表 | postgres
 tiger    | zip_lookup_base          | 數據表 | postgres
 tiger    | zip_state                | 數據表 | postgres
 tiger    | zip_state_loc            | 數據表 | postgres
 topology | layer                    | 數據表 | postgres
 topology | topology                 | 數據表 | postgres
 topology | topology_id_seq          | 序列數 | postgres
(64 行記錄)

postgres=# 

postgres=# create database gistest;
postgres=#  \c gistest
#\x 開啓或關閉擴展顯示
gistest=# \x
擴展顯示已關閉。
gistest=# \d
                     關聯列表
 架構模式 |       名稱        |  類型  |  擁有者  
----------+-------------------+--------+----------
 public   | geography_columns | 視圖   | postgres
 public   | geometry_columns  | 視圖   | postgres
 public   | raster_columns    | 視圖   | postgres
 public   | raster_overviews  | 視圖   | postgres
 public   | spatial_ref_sys   | 數據表 | postgres
 topology | layer             | 數據表 | postgres
 topology | topology          | 數據表 | postgres
 topology | topology_id_seq   | 序列數 | postgres
(8 行記錄)

gistest=# \l
                                     數據庫列表
   名稱    |  擁有者  | 字元編碼 |  校對規則   |    Ctype    |       存取權限        
-----------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
 gistest   | postgres | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | 
 postgres  | postgres | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | 
 template0 | postgres | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | =c/postgres          +
           |          |          |             |             | postgres=CTc/postgres
 template1 | postgres | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | =c/postgres          +
           |          |          |             |             | postgres=CTc/postgres
(4 行記錄)

#查看版本信息
postgres=# 
gistest=# \q
-bash-4.2$ psql
psql (11.2)
輸入 "help" 來獲取幫助信息.

postgres=# select postgis_full_version();
                                                                                                  postgis_full_version                                   
                                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------
 POSTGIS="2.5.2 r17328" [EXTENSION] PGSQL="110" GEOS="3.7.1-CAPI-1.11.1 27a5e771" SFCGAL="1.2.2" PROJ="Rel. 4.9.3, 15 August 2016" GDAL="GDAL 1.11.4, released 2016/01/25" LIBXML="2.9.1" LIBJSON="0.11" TOPOLOGY RASTER
(1 行記錄)

postgres=# exit
-bash-4.2$ exit
登出
[root@promote ~]#

鏈接postgres數據庫，建立測試表city。添加測算表和值。bash

postgres=# \c postgres
postgres=# \x
擴展顯示已打開。
#建立測試表
postgres=# CREATE TABLE city (id int4, name varchar(50));
CREATE TABLE
postgres=# SELECT AddGeometryColumn ('city', 'the_geom', 4326, 'POINT', 2);
-[ RECORD 1 ]-----+--------------------------------------------------
addgeometrycolumn | public.city.the_geom SRID:4326 TYPE:POINT DIMS:2 

postgres=# select * from city;
(0 行記錄)

postgres=# INSERT INTO city (id, the_geom, name) VALUES (1,ST_GeomFromText('POINT(-0.1257 51.508)',4326),'London, England');
INSERT 0 1
postgres=# INSERT INTO city (id, the_geom, name) VALUES (2,ST_GeomFromText('POINT(-81.233 42.983)',4326),'London, Ontario');
INSERT 0 1
postgres=# INSERT INTO city (id, the_geom, name) VALUES (3,ST_GeomFromText('POINT(27.91162491 -33.01529)',4326),'East London,SA');
INSERT 0 1
postgres=#

使用簡單查詢和空間查詢。架構

postgres=# SELECT * FROM city;
-[ RECORD 1 ]------------------------------------------------
id       | 1
name     | London, England
the_geom | 0101000020E6100000BBB88D06F016C0BF1B2FDD2406C14940
-[ RECORD 2 ]------------------------------------------------
id       | 2
name     | London, Ontario
the_geom | 0101000020E6100000F4FDD478E94E54C0E7FBA9F1D27D4540
-[ RECORD 3 ]------------------------------------------------
id       | 3
name     | East London,SA
the_geom | 0101000020E610000040AB064060E93B4059FAD005F58140C0

postgres=# SELECT id, ST_AsText(the_geom), ST_AsEwkt(the_geom), ST_X(the_geom), ST_Y(the_geom) FROM city;
-[ RECORD 1 ]-------------------------------------
id        | 1
st_astext | POINT(-0.1257 51.508)
st_asewkt | SRID=4326;POINT(-0.1257 51.508)
st_x      | -0.1257
st_y      | 51.508
-[ RECORD 2 ]-------------------------------------
id        | 2
st_astext | POINT(-81.233 42.983)
st_asewkt | SRID=4326;POINT(-81.233 42.983)
st_x      | -81.233
st_y      | 42.983
-[ RECORD 3 ]-------------------------------------
id        | 3
st_astext | POINT(27.91162491 -33.01529)
st_asewkt | SRID=4326;POINT(27.91162491 -33.01529)
st_x      | 27.91162491
st_y      | -33.01529

postgres=# SELECT p1.name,p2.name,ST_Distance_Sphere(p1.the_geom,p2.the_geom) FROM city AS p1, city AS p2 WHERE p1.id > p2.id;
警告:  ST_Distance_Sphere signature was deprecated in 2.2.0. Please use ST_DistanceSphere
-[ RECORD 1 ]------+-----------------
name               | London, Ontario
name               | London, England
st_distance_sphere | 5875787.03777356
-[ RECORD 2 ]------+-----------------
name               | East London,SA
name               | London, England
st_distance_sphere | 9789680.59961472
-[ RECORD 3 ]------+-----------------
name               | East London,SA
name               | London, Ontario
st_distance_sphere | 13892208.6782928

postgres=# 
postgres=# SELECT p1.name,p2.name,ST_DistanceSphere(p1.the_geom,p2.the_geom) FROM city AS p1, city AS p2 WHERE p1.id > p2.id;
警告:  ST_Distance_Sphere signature was deprecated in 2.2.0. Please use ST_DistanceSphere
-[ RECORD 1 ]------+-----------------
name               | London, Ontario
name               | London, England
st_distance_sphere | 5875787.03777356
-[ RECORD 2 ]------+-----------------
name               | East London,SA
name               | London, England
st_distance_sphere | 9789680.59961472
-[ RECORD 3 ]------+-----------------
name               | East London,SA
name               | London, Ontario
st_distance_sphere | 13892208.6782928

postgres=# SELECT p1.name,p2.name,ST_DistanceSphere(p1.the_geom,p2.the_geom) FROM city AS p1, city AS p2 WHERE p1.id > p2.id;
-[ RECORD 1 ]-----+-----------------
name              | London, Ontario
name              | London, England
st_distancesphere | 5875787.03777356
-[ RECORD 2 ]-----+-----------------
name              | East London,SA
name              | London, England
st_distancesphere | 9789680.59961472
-[ RECORD 3 ]-----+-----------------
name              | East London,SA
name              | London, Ontario
st_distancesphere | 13892208.6782928

postgres=#

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