Memcached、Redis OR Tair

1、前言

  非關係型數據庫(NoSQL = Not Only SQL)的產品很是多,常見的有Memcached、Redis、MongoDB等優秀開源項目,相關概念和資料網上也很是豐富,再也不重複描述,本文主要引入Memcached和Redis與淘寶開源Tair分佈式存儲進行對比測試,因爲各自適用場景不一樣,且每一個產品的可配置參數繁多,涉及緩存策略、分佈算法、序列化方式、數據壓縮技術、通訊方式、併發、超時等諸多方面因素,都會對測試結果產生影響,單純的性能對比存在很是多的侷限性和不合理性,因此不能做爲任何評估依據,僅供參考,加深對各自產品的理解。如下是一些基本認識:html

  一、儘管 Memcached 和 Redis 都標識爲Distribute,但從Server端自己而言它們並不提供分佈式的解決方案,須要Client端實現必定的分佈算法將數據存儲到各個節點,從而實現分佈式存儲,二者都提供了Replication功能(Master-Slave)保障可靠性。前端

  二、Tair 則自己包含 Config Server 和 Data Server 採用一致性哈希算法分佈數據存儲,由ConfigSever來管理全部數據節點,理論上服務器端節點的維護對前端應用不會產生任何影響,同時數據能按指定複製到不一樣的DataServer保障可靠性,從Cluster角度來看屬於一個總體Solution,組件圖參照上一篇博文(http://www.cnblogs.com/lengfo/p/4171655.html)。java

  基於此,本文設定了實驗環境都使用同一臺機器進行 Memcached、Redis 和 Tair 的單Server部署測試。算法

 

2、前置條件

一、虛擬機環境(OS:CentOS6.5,CPU:2 Core,Memory:4G)數據庫

二、軟件環境緩存

   Sever  Client
 Memcached  Memcached 1.4.21  Xmemcached 2.0.0
 Redis  Redis 2.8.19  Jedis 2.8.5
 Tair  Tair 2.3  Tair Client 2.3.1

三、服務器配置,單一服務器經過配置儘量讓資源分配一致(因爲各個產品服務器端的配置相對複雜,再也不單獨列出,如下僅描述內存、鏈接等基本配置)安全

   IP_Port  Memory_Size  Max_Connection  備註
 Memcached  10.129.221.70:12000  1024MB  2048  
 Redis  10.129.221.70:6379  1gb(1000000000byte)  10000(默認)  
 Tair Config Server  10.129.221.70:5198      
 Tair Data Server  10.129.221.70:5191  1024MB    使用mdb存儲引擎

 

3、用例場景,分別使用單線程和多線程進行測試

一、從數據庫讀取一組數據緩存(SET)到每一個緩存服務器,其中對於每一個Server的寫入數據是徹底一致的,不設置過時時間,進行以下測試。服務器

  1)單線程進行1次寫入多線程

  2)單線程進行500次寫入併發

  3)單線程進行2000次寫入

  4)並行500個線程,每一個線程進行1次寫入

  5)並行500個線程,每一個線程進行5次寫入

  6)並行2000個線程,每一個線程進行1次寫入

二、分別從每一個緩存服務器讀取(GET)數據,其中對於每一個Server的讀取數據大小是徹底一致的,進行以下測試。

  1)單線程進行1次讀取

  2)單線程進行500次讀取

  3)單線程進行2000次讀取

  4)並行500個線程,每一個線程進行1次讀取

  5)並行500個線程,每一個線程進行5次讀取

  6)並行2000個線程,每一個線程進行1次讀取

 

4、單線程測試

一、緩存Model對象(OrderInfo)的定義參照tbOrder表(包括單據號、制單日期、商品、數量等字段)

二、單線程的讀寫操做對於代碼的要求相對較低,不須要考慮Pool,主要代碼以下:

  1)Memcached單線程讀寫,使用二進制方式序列化,不啓用壓縮。

 1 public static void putItems2Memcache(List<OrderInfo> orders) throws Exception {
 2         MemcachedClient memcachedClient = null;
 3         try {
 4             MemcachedClientBuilder builder = new XMemcachedClientBuilder(AddrUtil.getAddresses("10.129.221.70:12000"));
 5             builder.setCommandFactory(new BinaryCommandFactory());
 6             memcachedClient = builder.build();
 7 
 8             for (OrderInfo order : orders) {
 9                 boolean isSuccess = memcachedClient.set("order_" + order.BillNumber, 0, order);
10                 if (!isSuccess) {
11                     System.out.println("put: order_" + order.BillNumber + "  " + isSuccess);
12                 }
13             }
14         } catch (Exception ex) {
15             ex.printStackTrace();
16         } finally {
17             memcachedClient.shutdown();
18         }
19     }
20 
21     public static void getItemsFromMemcache(List<String> billNumbers) throws Exception {
22         MemcachedClient memcachedClient = null;
23         try {
24             MemcachedClientBuilder builder = new XMemcachedClientBuilder(AddrUtil.getAddresses("10.129.221.70:12000"));
25             builder.setCommandFactory(new BinaryCommandFactory());
26             memcachedClient = builder.build();
27 
28             for (String billnumber : billNumbers) {
29                 OrderInfo result = memcachedClient.get(billnumber);
30 
31                 if (result == null) {
32                     System.out.println(" get failed : " + billnumber + " not exist ");
33                 }
34             }
35         } catch (Exception ex) {
36             ex.printStackTrace();
37         } finally {
38             memcachedClient.shutdown();
39         }
40     }
View Code

  2)Redis單線程讀寫,因爲Jedis Client 不支持對象的序列化,須要自行實現對象序列化(本文使用二進制方式)。

 1 public static void putItems2Redis(List<OrderInfo> orders) {
 2         Jedis jedis = new Jedis("10.129.221.70", 6379);
 3 
 4         try {
 5             jedis.connect();
 6 
 7             for (OrderInfo order : orders) {
 8                 String StatusCode = jedis.set(("order_" + order.BillNumber).getBytes(), SerializeUtil.serialize(order));
 9                 if (!StatusCode.equals("OK")) {
10                     System.out.println("put: order_" + order.BillNumber + "  " + StatusCode);
11                 }
12             }
13         } catch (Exception ex) {
14             ex.printStackTrace();
15         } finally {
16             jedis.close();
17         }
18     }
19 
20     public static void getItemsFromRedis(List<String> billNumbers) {
21         Jedis jedis = new Jedis("10.129.221.70", 6379);
22 
23         try {
24             jedis.connect();
25 
26             for (String billnumber : billNumbers) {
27                 byte[] result = jedis.get(billnumber.getBytes());
28                 if (result.length > 0) {
29                     OrderInfo order = (OrderInfo) SerializeUtil.unserialize(result);
30                     if (order == null) {
31                         System.out.println(" unserialize failed : " + billnumber);
32                     }
33                 } else {
34                     System.out.println(" get failed : " + billnumber + " not exist ");
35                 }
36             }
37         } catch (Exception ex) {
38             ex.printStackTrace();
39         } finally {
40             jedis.close();
41         }
42     }
View Code

     序列化代碼

 1 package common;
 2 
 3 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 4 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 5 import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
 6 import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
 7 
 8 public class SerializeUtil {
 9 
10     /**
11      * 序列化
12      * @param object
13      * @return
14      */
15     public static byte[] serialize(Object object) {
16         ObjectOutputStream oos = null;
17         ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
18 
19         try { 
20             baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
21             oos = new ObjectOutputStream(baos);
22             oos.writeObject(object);
23             byte[] bytes = baos.toByteArray();
24             return bytes;
25         } catch (Exception e) {
26             e.printStackTrace();
27         }
28         return null;
29     }
30 
31     /**
32      * 反序列化
33      * @param bytes
34      * @return
35      */
36     public static Object unserialize(byte[] bytes) {
37         ByteArrayInputStream bais = null;
38         try {
39             bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
40             ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(bais);
41             return ois.readObject();
42         } catch (Exception e) {
43             e.printStackTrace();
44         }
45 
46         return null;
47     }
48 }
View Code

  3)Tair單線程讀寫,使用Java序列化,默認壓縮閥值爲8192字節,但本文測試的每一個寫入項都不會超過這個閥值,因此不受影響。

 1 public static void putItems2Tair(List<OrderInfo> orders) {
 2         try {
 3             List<String> confServers = new ArrayList<String>();
 4             confServers.add("10.129.221.70:5198");
 5             //confServers.add("10.129.221.70:5200");
 6 
 7             DefaultTairManager tairManager = new DefaultTairManager();
 8             tairManager.setConfigServerList(confServers);
 9             tairManager.setGroupName("group_1");
10             tairManager.init();
11 
12             for (OrderInfo order : orders) {
13                 ResultCode result = tairManager.put(0, "order_" + order.BillNumber, order);
14                 if (!result.isSuccess()) {
15                     System.out.println("put: order_" + order.BillNumber + "  " + result.isSuccess() + " code:" + result.getCode());
16                 }
17             }
18         } catch (Exception ex) {
19             ex.printStackTrace();
20         }
21     }
22 
23     public static void getItemsFromTair(List<String> billNumbers) {
24         try {
25             List<String> confServers = new ArrayList<String>();
26             confServers.add("10.129.221.70:5198");
27             //confServers.add("10.129.221.70:5200");
28 
29             DefaultTairManager tairManager = new DefaultTairManager();
30             tairManager.setConfigServerList(confServers);
31             tairManager.setGroupName("group_1");
32             tairManager.init();
33 
34             for (String billnumber : billNumbers) {
35                 Result<DataEntry> result = tairManager.get(0, billnumber);
36                 if (result.isSuccess()) {
37                     DataEntry entry = result.getValue();
38                     if (entry == null) {
39                         System.out.println(" get failed : " + billnumber + " not exist ");
40                     }
41                 } else {
42                     System.out.println(result.getRc().getMessage());
43                 }
44             }
45         } catch (Exception ex) {
46             ex.printStackTrace();
47         }
48     }

 三、測試結果,每項重複測試取平均值

 

 

5、多線程測試

一、除了多線程相關代碼外的公共代碼和單線程基本一致,多線程測試主要增長了Client部分代碼對ConnectionPool、TimeOut相關設置,池策略、大小都會對性能產生很大影響,爲了達到更高的性能,不一樣的使用場景下都須要有科學合理的測算。

二、主要測試代碼

  1)每一個讀寫測試線程任務完成後統一調用公共Callback,在每批測試任務完成後記錄消耗時間

 1 package common;
 2 
 3 public class ThreadCallback {
 4 
 5     public static int CompleteCounter = 0;
 6     public static int failedCounter = 0;
 7 
 8     public static synchronized void OnException() {
 9         failedCounter++;
10     }
11 
12     public static synchronized void OnComplete(String msg, int totalThreadCount, long startMili) {
13         CompleteCounter++;
14         if (CompleteCounter == totalThreadCount) {
15             long endMili = System.currentTimeMillis();
16             System.out.println("(總共" + totalThreadCount + "個線程 ) " + msg + "  ,總耗時爲:" + (endMili - startMili) + "毫秒 ,發生異常線程數:" + failedCounter);
17             CompleteCounter = 0;
18             failedCounter = 0;
19         }
20     }
21 }
View Code

  2)Memcached多線程讀寫,使用XMemcached客戶端鏈接池,主要設置鏈接池大小ConnectionPoolSize=5,鏈接超時時間ConnectTimeout=2000ms,測試結果要求沒有超時異常線程。

    測試方法

 1         /*-------------------Memcached(多線程初始化)--------------------*/
 2         MemcachedClientBuilder builder = new XMemcachedClientBuilder(AddrUtil.getAddresses("192.168.31.191:12000"));
 3         builder.setCommandFactory(new BinaryCommandFactory());
 4         builder.setConnectionPoolSize(5);
 5         builder.setConnectTimeout(2000);
 6         MemcachedClient memcachedClient = builder.build();
 7         memcachedClient.setOpTimeout(2000);
 8 
 9         /*-------------------Memcached(多線程寫入)--------------------*/
10         orders = OrderBusiness.loadOrders(5);
11         startMili = System.currentTimeMillis();
12         totalThreadCount = 500;
13         for (int i = 1; i <= totalThreadCount; i++) {
14             MemcachePutter putter = new MemcachePutter();
15             putter.OrderList = orders;
16             putter.Namesapce = i;
17             putter.startMili = startMili;
18             putter.TotalThreadCount = totalThreadCount;
19             putter.memcachedClient = memcachedClient;
20 
21             Thread th = new Thread(putter);
22             th.start();
23         }
24 
25                 //讀取代碼基本一致
View Code

     線程任務類

 1 public class MemcachePutter implements Runnable {
 2     public List<OrderInfo> OrderList;
 3     public int Namesapce;
 4     public int TotalThreadCount;
 5     public long startMili;
 6     public MemcachedClient memcachedClient = null; // 線程安全的?
 7 
 8     @Override
 9     public void run() {
10         try {
11             for (OrderInfo order : OrderList) {
12                 boolean isSuccess = memcachedClient.set("order_" + order.BillNumber, 0, order);
13                  if (!isSuccess) {
14                 System.out.println("put: order_" + order.BillNumber + "  " + isSuccess);
15                 }
16             }
17         } catch (Exception ex) {
18             ex.printStackTrace();
19             ThreadCallback.OnException();
20         } finally {
21             ThreadCallback.OnComplete("Memcached 每一個線程進行" + OrderList.size() + "次 [寫入] ", TotalThreadCount, startMili);
22         }
23     }
24 }
25 
26 
27 
28 public class MemcacheGetter implements Runnable {
29 
30     public List<String> billnumbers;
31     public long startMili;
32     public int TotalThreadCount;
33     public MemcachedClient memcachedClient = null; // 線程安全的?
34 
35     @Override
36     public void run() {
37         try {
38             for (String billnumber : billnumbers) {
39                 OrderInfo result = memcachedClient.get(billnumber);
40                 if (result == null) {
41                     System.out.println(" get failed : " + billnumber + " not exist ");
42                 }
43             }
44         } catch (Exception ex) {
45             ex.printStackTrace();
46             ThreadCallback.OnException();
47         } finally {
48             ThreadCallback.OnComplete("Memcached 每一個線程進行" + billnumbers.size() + "次 [讀取] ", TotalThreadCount, startMili);
49         }
50     }
51 }
View Code

  3)Redis多線程讀寫,使用Jedis客戶端鏈接池,從源碼能夠看出依賴與Apache.Common.Pool2,主要設置鏈接池MaxTotal=5,鏈接超時時間Timeout=2000ms,測試結果要求沒有超時異常線程。

    測試方法

 1         /*-------------------Redis(多線程初始化)--------------------*/
 2         GenericObjectPoolConfig config = new GenericObjectPoolConfig();
 3         config.setMaxTotal(5);
 4         JedisPool jpool = new JedisPool(config, "192.168.31.191", 6379, 2000);
 5 
 6         /*-------------------Redis(多線程寫入)--------------------*/
 7         totalThreadCount = 2000;
 8         orders = OrderBusiness.loadOrders(1);
 9         startMili = System.currentTimeMillis();
10         for (int i = 1; i <= totalThreadCount; i++) {
11             RedisPutter putter = new RedisPutter();
12             putter.OrderList = orders;
13             putter.Namesapce = i;
14             putter.startMili = startMili;
15             putter.TotalThreadCount = totalThreadCount;
16             putter.jpool = jpool;
17 
18             Thread th = new Thread(putter);
19             th.start();
20         }
View Code

     線程任務類

 1 public class RedisPutter implements Runnable {
 2 
 3     public List<OrderInfo> OrderList;
 4     public int Namesapce;
 5     public int TotalThreadCount;
 6     public long startMili;
 7     public JedisPool jpool;
 8 
 9     @Override
10     public void run() {
11         Jedis jedis = jpool.getResource();
12 
13         try {
14             jedis.connect();
15 
16             for (OrderInfo order : OrderList) {
17                 String StatusCode = jedis.set(("order_" + order.BillNumber).getBytes(), SerializeUtil.serialize(order));
18                 if (!StatusCode.equals("OK")) {
19                     System.out.println("put: order_" + order.BillNumber + "  " + StatusCode);
20                 }
21             }
22         } catch (Exception ex) {
23             // ex.printStackTrace();
24             jpool.returnBrokenResource(jedis);
25             ThreadCallback.OnException();
26         } finally {
27             jpool.returnResource(jedis);
28             ThreadCallback.OnComplete("Redis 每一個線程進行" + OrderList.size() + "次 [寫入] ", TotalThreadCount, startMili);
29         }
30     }
31 }
32 
33 
34 
35 public class RedisGetter implements Runnable {
36     public List<String> billnumbers;
37     public long startMili;
38     public int TotalThreadCount;
39     public JedisPool jpool;
40 
41     @Override
42     public void run() {
43         Jedis jedis = jpool.getResource();
44 
45         try {
46             jedis.connect();
47             for (String billnumber : billnumbers) {
48                 byte[] result = jedis.get(billnumber.getBytes());
49                 if (result.length > 0) {
50                     OrderInfo order = (OrderInfo) SerializeUtil.unserialize(result);
51                     if (order == null) {
52                         System.out.println(" unserialize failed : " + billnumber);
53                     }
54                 } else {
55                     System.out.println(" get failed : " + billnumber + " not exist ");
56                 }
57             }
58         } catch (Exception ex) {
59             // ex.printStackTrace();
60             jpool.returnBrokenResource(jedis);
61             ThreadCallback.OnException();
62         } finally {
63             jpool.returnResource(jedis);
64             ThreadCallback.OnComplete("Redis 每一個線程進行" + billnumbers.size() + "次 [讀取] ", TotalThreadCount, startMili);
65         }
66     }
67 }
View Code

  4)Tair多線程讀寫,使用官方Tair-Client,可設置參數MaxWaitThread主要指最大等待線程數,當超過這個數量的線程在等待時,新的請求將直接返回超時,本文測試設置MaxWaitThread=100,鏈接超時時間Timeout=2000ms,測試結果要求沒有超時異常線程。

    測試方法

 1      /*-------------------Tair(多線程初始化tairManager)--------------------*/
 2         List<String> confServers = new ArrayList<String>();
 3         confServers.add("192.168.31.191:5198");
 4         DefaultTairManager tairManager = new DefaultTairManager();
 5         tairManager.setConfigServerList(confServers);
 6         tairManager.setGroupName("group_1");
 7         tairManager.setMaxWaitThread(100);// 最大等待線程數,當超過這個數量的線程在等待時,新的請求將直接返回超時
 8         tairManager.setTimeout(2000);// 請求的超時時間,單位爲毫秒
 9         tairManager.init();
10 
11         /*-------------------Tair(多線程寫入)--------------------*/
12         orders = OrderBusiness.loadOrders(5);
13         startMili = System.currentTimeMillis();
14         totalThreadCount = 500;
15         for (int i = 1; i <= totalThreadCount; i++) {
16             TairPutter putter = new TairPutter();
17             putter.OrderList = orders;
18             putter.Namesapce = i;
19             putter.startMili = startMili;
20             putter.TotalThreadCount = totalThreadCount;
21             putter.tairManager = tairManager;
22 
23             Thread th = new Thread(putter);
24             th.start();
25         }
26      /*-------------------Tair(多線程讀取)--------------------*/
27         //讀取代碼基本一致

     線程任務類

 1 public class TairGetter implements Runnable {
 2     public List<String> billnumbers;
 3     public long startMili;
 4     public int TotalThreadCount;
 5     public DefaultTairManager tairManager;
 6 
 7     @Override
 8     public void run() {
 9         try {
10             for (String billnumber : billnumbers) {
11                 Result<DataEntry> result = tairManager.get(0, billnumber);
12                 if (result.isSuccess()) {
13                     DataEntry entry = result.getValue();
14                     if (entry == null) {
15                         System.out.println(" get failed : " + billnumber + " not exist ");
16                     }
17                 } else {
18                     System.out.println(result.getRc().getMessage());
19                 }
20             }
21         } catch (Exception ex) {
22             // ex.printStackTrace();
23             ThreadCallback.OnException();
24         } finally {
25             ThreadCallback.OnComplete("Tair 每一個線程進行" + billnumbers.size() + "次 [讀取] ", TotalThreadCount, startMili);
26         }
27     }
28 }
29 
30 
31 
32 public class TairPutter implements Runnable {
33 
34     public List<OrderInfo> OrderList;
35     public int Namesapce;
36     public int TotalThreadCount;
37     public long startMili;
38     public DefaultTairManager tairManager;
39 
40     @Override
41     public void run() {
42         try {
43             for (OrderInfo order : OrderList) {
44                 ResultCode result = tairManager.put(0, "order_" + order.BillNumber, order);
45                 if (!result.isSuccess()) {
46                     System.out.println("put: order_" + order.BillNumber + "  " + result.isSuccess() + " code:" + result.getCode());
47                 }
48             }
49         } catch (Exception ex) {
50             // ex.printStackTrace();
51             ThreadCallback.OnException();
52         } finally {
53             ThreadCallback.OnComplete("Tair 每一個線程進行" + OrderList.size() + "次 [寫入] ", TotalThreadCount, startMili);
54         }
55     }
56 }

 

 三、測試結果,每項重複測試取平均值

 

 

6、Memcached、Redis、Tair 都很是優秀

   Redis在單線程環境下的性能表現很是突出,但在並行環境下則沒有很大的優點,是JedisPool或者CommonPool的性能瓶頸仍是我測試代碼的問題請麻煩告之,過程當中修改setMaxTotal,setMaxIdle都沒有太大的改觀。 

   Tair因爲須要在服務器端實現數據分佈等相關算法,因此在測試對比中性能有所損耗應該也很好理解。   

   如以前所言,每一個技術自己的原理、策略、適用場景各不相同,儘管以上測試方法已經考慮了不少影響因素,但仍然可能存在不足之處,因此相似的對比缺少合理性,Tair還有2種存儲引擎沒有測試,並且以上都基於單機環境測試,在Cluster環境下可能也會有差異,因此結果僅供參考,不做任何評估依據。

7、向開源工做者和組織致敬,@Memcached @Redis @Tair @Jedis @Xmemcached,感謝對開源事業做出的任何貢獻

8、祝2015新年快樂,Happy New Year

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