vue-cli目錄結構及說明

使用vue-cli有時會出現一些莫名的問題，清楚項目的結構文件及其意義方便更好的開發和解決問題，介紹以下：

build/          // 項目構建(webpack)相關代碼 
    build.js       // 生產環境構建代碼
    check-versions.js // 檢查node&npm等版本
    utils.js          // 構建配置公用工具
    vue-loader.conf.js // vue加載器
    webpack.base.conf.js // webpack基礎環境配置
    webpack.dev.conf.js //  webpack開發環境配置
    webpack.prod.conf.js // webpack生產環境配置
config/         // 項目開發環境配置相關代碼   
    dev.env.js  // 開發環境變量（看詞明意）
    index.js //項目一些配置變量
    prod.env.js // 生產環境變量
    test.env.js                  // 測試環境變量
    
dist/      //npm run build打包後生成的文件夾
node_modules/
    ...     // 項目依賴的模塊 
src/            // 源碼目錄       
    assets/         // 資源目錄 
        logo.png
    components/         // vue公共組件
        Head.vue
        Footer.vue
    pages (或views)/    //視圖
        login/
            Index.vue
        list/
            Foods.vue
            
    router/             // 前端路由
        index.js// 路由配置文件
    store/                          // vuex的狀態管理
    App.vue// 頁面入口文件（根組件）
    main.js// 程序入口文件（入口js文件）    
static // 靜態文件，好比一些圖片，json數據等
    .gitkeep    //這個裏面的gitkeep是這個目錄爲空，也能夠把這個目錄提交的git倉庫裏面，由於一般一個空目錄是不能提交git倉庫裏面的
    
.babelrc// ES6語法編譯配置
.editorconfig// 定義代碼格式
.gitignore// git上傳須要忽略的文件格式
index.html// 入口頁面
package.json// 項目基本信息
README.md// 項目說明

build.js

require('./check-versions')()       // 檢查 Node 和 npm 版本

process.env.NODE_ENV = 'production'

const ora = require('ora')          // 一個很好看的 loading 插件
const rm = require('rimraf')
const path = require('path')
const chalk = require('chalk')
const webpack = require('webpack')
const config = require('../config')     // 加載 config.js
const webpackConfig = require('./webpack.prod.conf')        // 加載 webpack.prod.conf

const spinner = ora('building for production...')
spinner.start()     // 開始 loading 動畫

rm(path.join(config.build.assetsRoot, config.build.assetsSubDirectory), err => {
  if (err) throw err
  
  //  開始 webpack 的編譯
  webpack(webpackConfig, (err, stats) => {
    // 編譯成功的回調函數
    spinner.stop()
    if (err) throw err
    process.stdout.write(stats.toString({
      colors: true,
      modules: false,
      children: false, // If you are using ts-loader, setting this to true will make TypeScript errors show up during build.
      chunks: false,
      chunkModules: false
    }) + '\n\n')

    if (stats.hasErrors()) {
      console.log(chalk.red('  Build failed with errors.\n'))
      process.exit(1)
    }

    console.log(chalk.cyan('  Build complete.\n'))
    console.log(chalk.yellow(
      '  Tip: built files are meant to be served over an HTTP server.\n' +
      '  Opening index.html over file:// won\'t work.\n'
    ))
  })
})

webpack.dev.conf.js

const utils = require('./utils')        // 使用一些小工具
const webpack = require('webpack')      // 使用 webpack
const config = require('../config')     // 使用 config/index.js
const merge = require('webpack-merge')  // 使用 webpack 配置合併插件
const path = require('path')
const baseWebpackConfig = require('./webpack.base.conf')    // 加載 webpack.base.conf
const CopyWebpackPlugin = require('copy-webpack-plugin')
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin')    // 使用 html-webpack-plugin 插件，這個插件能夠幫咱們自動生成 html 而且注入到 .html 文件中
const FriendlyErrorsPlugin = require('friendly-errors-webpack-plugin')
const portfinder = require('portfinder')

const HOST = process.env.HOST
const PORT = process.env.PORT && Number(process.env.PORT)

// 將咱們 webpack.dev.conf.js 的配置和 webpack.base.conf.js 的配置合併
const devWebpackConfig = merge(baseWebpackConfig, {
  module: {
    // 使用 styleLoaders
    rules: utils.styleLoaders({ sourceMap: config.dev.cssSourceMap, usePostCSS: true })
  },
  // cheap-module-eval-source-map is faster for development
  devtool: config.dev.devtool,

  // these devServer options should be customized in /config/index.js
  devServer: {
    clientLogLevel: 'warning',
    historyApiFallback: {
      rewrites: [
        { from: /.*/, to: path.posix.join(config.dev.assetsPublicPath, 'index.html') },
      ],
    },
    hot: true,
    contentBase: false, // since we use CopyWebpackPlugin.
    compress: true,
    host: HOST || config.dev.host,
    port: PORT || config.dev.port,
    open: config.dev.autoOpenBrowser,
    overlay: config.dev.errorOverlay
      ? { warnings: false, errors: true }
      : false,
    publicPath: config.dev.assetsPublicPath,
    proxy: config.dev.proxyTable,
    quiet: true, // necessary for FriendlyErrorsPlugin
    watchOptions: {
      poll: config.dev.poll,
    }
  },
  plugins: [
  
    // definePlugin 接收字符串插入到代碼當中, 因此你須要的話能夠寫上 JS 的字符串
    new webpack.DefinePlugin({
      'process.env': require('../config/dev.env')
    }),
    
    // HotModule 插件在頁面進行變動的時候只會重回對應的頁面模塊，不會重繪整個 html 文件
    new webpack.HotModuleReplacementPlugin(),
    
    
    new webpack.NamedModulesPlugin(), // HMR shows correct file names in console on update.
    
    // 使用了 NoErrorsPlugin 後頁面中的報錯不會阻塞，可是會在編譯結束後報錯
    new webpack.NoEmitOnErrorsPlugin(),
    
    // https://github.com/ampedandwired/html-webpack-plugin
    // 將 index.html 做爲入口，注入 html 代碼後生成 index.html文件
    new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
      filename: 'index.html',
      template: 'index.html',
      inject: true
    }),
    // copy custom static assets
    new CopyWebpackPlugin([
      {
        from: path.resolve(__dirname, '../static'),
        to: config.dev.assetsSubDirectory,
        ignore: ['.*']
      }
    ])
  ]
})

module.exports = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  portfinder.basePort = process.env.PORT || config.dev.port
  portfinder.getPort((err, port) => {
    if (err) {
      reject(err)
    } else {
      // publish the new Port, necessary for e2e tests
      process.env.PORT = port
      // add port to devServer config
      devWebpackConfig.devServer.port = port

      // Add FriendlyErrorsPlugin
      devWebpackConfig.plugins.push(new FriendlyErrorsPlugin({
        compilationSuccessInfo: {
          messages: [`Your application is running here: http://${devWebpackConfig.devServer.host}:${port}`],
        },
        onErrors: config.dev.notifyOnErrors
        ? utils.createNotifierCallback()
        : undefined
      }))

      resolve(devWebpackConfig)
    }
  })
})

webpack.base.conf.js

const path = require('path')        // 使用 NodeJS 自帶的文件路徑插件
const utils = require('./utils')        // 引入一些小工具
var webpack = require('webpack')
const config = require('../config')
const vueLoaderConfig = require('./vue-loader.conf')


// 獲取絕對路徑
function resolve (dir) {
  return path.join(__dirname, '..', dir)
}



module.exports = {
  context: path.resolve(__dirname, '../'),
  entry: {
    // 編譯文件入口
    app: './src/main.js'
  },
  
  // webpack輸出路徑和命名規則
  output: {
    // 編譯輸出的根路徑
    path: config.build.assetsRoot,
    // 編譯輸出的文件名
    filename: '[name].js',
    // 正式發佈環境下編譯輸出的發佈路徑
    publicPath: process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production'
      ? config.build.assetsPublicPath
      : config.dev.assetsPublicPath
  },
  resolve: {
    // 自動補全的擴展名
    extensions: ['.js', '.vue', '.json'],
    
    // 別名，方便引用模塊，例若有了別名以後，
    // import Vue from 'vue/dist/vue.esm.js'能夠寫成 import Vue from 'vue'
    alias: {
      'vue$': 'vue/dist/vue.esm.js',
      '@': resolve('src'),
    }
  },
  
  // 不一樣類型模塊的處理規則
  module: {
    rules: [
      ...
      // 須要處理的文件及使用的 loader
      {  
        test: /\.scss$/,
        loaders: ["style", "css", "sass"]
      }
    ]
  },
  plugins: [
      new webpack.ProvidePlugin({
          $: "jquery",
          jQuery: "jquery"
      })
  ],
  node: {
    // prevent webpack from injecting useless setImmediate polyfill because Vue
    // source contains it (although only uses it if it's native).
    setImmediate: false,
    // prevent webpack from injecting mocks to Node native modules
    // that does not make sense for the client
    dgram: 'empty',
    fs: 'empty',
    net: 'empty',
    tls: 'empty',
    child_process: 'empty'
  }
}

config/index.js

// Template version: 1.3.1
// see http://vuejs-templates.github.io/webpack for documentation.

const path = require('path')

module.exports = {

    // 開發過程當中使用的配置
  dev: {

    // Paths        // 編譯輸出的二級目錄
    assetsSubDirectory: 'static',
    
    // 編譯發佈上線路徑的根目錄，可配置爲資源服務器域名或 CDN 域名
    assetsPublicPath: '/',
    
    // 須要 proxyTable 代理的接口（可跨域）
    proxyTable: {},

    // Various Dev Server settings
    host: 'localhost', // can be overwritten by process.env.HOST
    port: 8080, // can be overwritten by process.env.PORT, if port is in use, a free one will be determined
    autoOpenBrowser: false,     // 是否自動打開瀏覽器
    errorOverlay: true,
    notifyOnErrors: true,
    poll: false, // https://webpack.js.org/configuration/dev-server/#devserver-watchoptions-

    
    /**
     * Source Maps
     */

    // https://webpack.js.org/configuration/devtool/#development
    devtool: 'cheap-module-eval-source-map',   //可改變爲devtool: '#eval-source-map',方便調試

    // If you have problems debugging vue-files in devtools,
    // set this to false - it *may* help
    // https://vue-loader.vuejs.org/en/options.html#cachebusting
    cacheBusting: true,

    cssSourceMap: true
  },


    // 構建產品時使用的配置
  build: {
    // Template for index.html      // html入口文件
    index: path.resolve(__dirname, '../dist/index.html'),

    // Paths    // 編譯輸出的靜態資源根路徑
    assetsRoot: path.resolve(__dirname, '../dist'),
    
    // 編譯輸出的二級目錄
    assetsSubDirectory: 'static',
    
    // 編譯發佈上線路徑的根目錄，可配置爲資源服務器域名或 CDN 域名
    assetsPublicPath: './',

    /**
     * Source Maps
     */
    // 是否開啓 cssSourceMap
    productionSourceMap: true,
    // https://webpack.js.org/configuration/devtool/#production
    devtool: '#source-map',

    // Gzip off by default as many popular static hosts such as
    // Surge or Netlify already gzip all static assets for you.
    // Before setting to `true`, make sure to:
    // npm install --save-dev compression-webpack-plugin
    
    // 是否開啓 gzip
    productionGzip: false,
    
    // 須要使用 gzip 壓縮的文件擴展名
    productionGzipExtensions: ['js', 'css'],

    // Run the build command with an extra argument to
    // View the bundle analyzer report after build finishes:
    // `npm run build --report`
    // Set to `true` or `false` to always turn it on or off
    bundleAnalyzerReport: process.env.npm_config_report
  }
}

webpack.dev.conf.js

const path = require('path')
const utils = require('./utils')        // 使用一些小工具
const webpack = require('webpack')
const config = require('../config')         // 加載 confi.index.js
const merge = require('webpack-merge')      // 加載 webpack 配置合併工具
const baseWebpackConfig = require('./webpack.base.conf')    // 加載 webpack.base.conf.js
const CopyWebpackPlugin = require('copy-webpack-plugin')
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin')        // 一個能夠插入 html 而且建立新的 .html 文件的插件
const ExtractTextPlugin = require('extract-text-webpack-plugin')    // 一個 webpack 擴展，能夠提取一些代碼而且將它們和文件分離開,若是咱們想將 webpack 打包成一個文件 css js 分離開，那咱們須要這個插件
const OptimizeCSSPlugin = require('optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin')
const UglifyJsPlugin = require('uglifyjs-webpack-plugin')

const env = require('../config/prod.env')

// 合併 webpack.base.conf.js
const webpackConfig = merge(baseWebpackConfig, {
  module: {
    rules: utils.styleLoaders({
      sourceMap: config.build.productionSourceMap,
      extract: true,
      usePostCSS: true
    })
  },
  
  // 是否使用 #source-map 開發工具
  devtool: config.build.productionSourceMap ? config.build.devtool : false,
  output: {
    // 編譯輸出目錄
    path: config.build.assetsRoot,
    
    // 編譯輸出文件名
    // 咱們能夠在 hash 後加 :6 決定使用幾位 hash 值
    filename: utils.assetsPath('js/[name].[chunkhash].js'),
    
    // 沒有指定輸出名的文件輸出的文件名
    chunkFilename: utils.assetsPath('js/[id].[chunkhash].js')
  },
  
  // 使用的插件
  plugins: [
    // http://vuejs.github.io/vue-loader/en/workflow/production.html
    // definePlugin 接收字符串插入到代碼當中, 因此你須要的話能夠寫上 JS 的字符串
    new webpack.DefinePlugin({
      'process.env': env
    }),
    new UglifyJsPlugin({        // 壓縮 js (一樣能夠壓縮 css)
      uglifyOptions: {
        compress: {
          warnings: false
        }
      },
      sourceMap: config.build.productionSourceMap,
      parallel: true
    }),
    // extract css into its own file            // 將 css 文件分離出來
    new ExtractTextPlugin({
      filename: utils.assetsPath('css/[name].[contenthash].css'),
      // Setting the following option to `false` will not extract CSS from codesplit chunks.
      // Their CSS will instead be inserted dynamically with style-loader when the codesplit chunk has been loaded by webpack.
      // It's currently set to `true` because we are seeing that sourcemaps are included in the codesplit bundle as well when it's `false`, 
      // increasing file size: https://github.com/vuejs-templates/webpack/issues/1110
      allChunks: true,
    }),
    // Compress extracted CSS. We are using this plugin so that possible
    // duplicated CSS from different components can be deduped.
    new OptimizeCSSPlugin({
      cssProcessorOptions: config.build.productionSourceMap
        ? { safe: true, map: { inline: false } }
        : { safe: true }
    }),
    // generate dist index.html with correct asset hash for caching.
    // you can customize output by editing /index.html
    // see https://github.com/ampedandwired/html-webpack-plugin
    new HtmlWebpackPlugin({                         // 輸入輸出的 .html 文件
      filename: config.build.index,
      template: 'index.html',
      inject: true,
      minify: {
        removeComments: true,
        collapseWhitespace: true,
        removeAttributeQuotes: true
        // more options:
        // https://github.com/kangax/html-minifier#options-quick-reference
      },
      // necessary to consistently work with multiple chunks via CommonsChunkPlugin
      chunksSortMode: 'dependency'
    }),
    // keep module.id stable when vendor modules does not change
    new webpack.HashedModuleIdsPlugin(),
    // enable scope hoisting
    new webpack.optimize.ModuleConcatenationPlugin(),
    // split vendor js into its own file
    new webpack.optimize.CommonsChunkPlugin({       // 沒有指定輸出文件名的文件輸出的靜態文件名
      name: 'vendor',
      minChunks (module) {
        // any required modules inside node_modules are extracted to vendor
        return (
          module.resource &&
          /\.js$/.test(module.resource) &&
          module.resource.indexOf(
            path.join(__dirname, '../node_modules')
          ) === 0
        )
      }
    }),
    // extract webpack runtime and module manifest to its own file in order to
    // prevent vendor hash from being updated whenever app bundle is updated
    new webpack.optimize.CommonsChunkPlugin({       // 沒有指定輸出文件名的文件輸出的靜態文件名
      name: 'manifest',
      minChunks: Infinity
    }),
    // This instance extracts shared chunks from code splitted chunks and bundles them
    // in a separate chunk, similar to the vendor chunk
    // see: https://webpack.js.org/plugins/commons-chunk-plugin/#extra-async-commons-chunk
    new webpack.optimize.CommonsChunkPlugin({
      name: 'app',
      async: 'vendor-async',
      children: true,
      minChunks: 3
    }),

    // copy custom static assets
    new CopyWebpackPlugin([
      {
        from: path.resolve(__dirname, '../static'),
        to: config.build.assetsSubDirectory,
        ignore: ['.*']
      }
    ])
  ]
})


// 開啓 gzip 的狀況下使用下方的配置
if (config.build.productionGzip) {

    // 加載 compression-webpack-plugin 插件
  const CompressionWebpackPlugin = require('compression-webpack-plugin')

  webpackConfig.plugins.push(
        // 使用 compression-webpack-plugin 插件進行壓縮
    new CompressionWebpackPlugin({
      asset: '[path].gz[query]',
      algorithm: 'gzip',
      test: new RegExp(
        '\\.(' +
        config.build.productionGzipExtensions.join('|') +
        ')$'
      ),
      threshold: 10240,
      minRatio: 0.8
    })
  )
}

if (config.build.bundleAnalyzerReport) {
  const BundleAnalyzerPlugin = require('webpack-bundle-analyzer').BundleAnalyzerPlugin
  webpackConfig.plugins.push(new BundleAnalyzerPlugin())
}

module.exports = webpackConfig

.babelrc

{
  "presets": [
    ["env", {
      "modules": false,
      "targets": {
        "browsers": ["> 1%", "last 2 versions", "not ie <= 8"]
      }
    }],
    "stage-2"
  ],
  "plugins": ["transform-vue-jsx", "transform-runtime"]
}

.editorconfig

root = true

[*]    // 對全部文件應用下面的規則
charset = utf-8                    // 編碼規則用utf-8
indent_style = space               // 縮進用空格
indent_size = 2                    // 縮進數量爲2個空格
end_of_line = lf                   // 換行符格式
insert_final_newline = true        // 是否在文件的最後插入一個空行
trim_trailing_whitespace = true    // 是否刪除行尾的空格

以上是通過收集跟總結的部分，還有許多須要完善，請注意版本，本身嘗試合適的纔是好的。紙上得來終覺淺，絕知此事要躬行！

完善中……