GraphQL(二):GraphQL服務搭建

GraphQL(一):GraphQL介紹中講到目前已經有不少平臺完成了GraphQL實現,這裏以Java平臺爲例,介紹GraphQL服務的搭建。java

graphql-java + graphql-java-spring

graphql-java是GraphQL的Java實現,它實現了GraphQL的執行,可是沒有任何關於HTTP或者JSON的處理,所以在接入SpringBoot時還須要graphql-java-spring的支持。官方的案例就是使用這兩個jar包完成的。git

在官方的案例中,咱們須要實例化一個GraphQL實例:github

@Component
public class GraphQLProvider {

    @Autowired
    GraphQLDataFetchers graphQLDataFetchers;

    private GraphQL graphQL;

    @PostConstruct
    public void init() throws IOException {
        URL url = Resources.getResource("schema.graphqls");
        String sdl = Resources.toString(url, Charsets.UTF_8);
        GraphQLSchema graphQLSchema = buildSchema(sdl);
        this.graphQL = GraphQL.newGraphQL(graphQLSchema).build();
    }

    private GraphQLSchema buildSchema(String sdl) {
        TypeDefinitionRegistry typeRegistry = new SchemaParser().parse(sdl);
        RuntimeWiring runtimeWiring = buildWiring();
        SchemaGenerator schemaGenerator = new SchemaGenerator();
        return schemaGenerator.makeExecutableSchema(typeRegistry, runtimeWiring);
    }

    private RuntimeWiring buildWiring() {
        return RuntimeWiring.newRuntimeWiring()
                .type(newTypeWiring("Query")
                        .dataFetcher("bookById", graphQLDataFetchers.getBookByIdDataFetcher()))
                .type(newTypeWiring("Book")
                        .dataFetcher("author", graphQLDataFetchers.getAuthorDataFetcher()))
                .build();
    }

    @Bean
    public GraphQL graphQL() {
        return graphQL;
    }

}
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這樣的實現須要咱們瞭解較多graphql-java的底層細節,好比:TypeDefinitionRegistry、RuntimeWiring、SchemaGenerator等,同時還須要硬編碼字符串。spring

一樣,在實現數據注入時,也須要硬編碼:springboot

public DataFetcher getBookByIdDataFetcher() {
    return dataFetchingEnvironment -> {
        String bookId = dataFetchingEnvironment.getArgument("id");
        return books
                .stream()
                .filter(book -> book.get("id").equals(bookId))
                .findFirst()
                .orElse(null);
    };
}

public DataFetcher getAuthorDataFetcher() {
    return dataFetchingEnvironment -> {
        Map<String, String> book = dataFetchingEnvironment.getSource();
        String authorId = book.get("authorId");
        return authors
                .stream()
                .filter(author -> author.get("id").equals(authorId))
                .findFirst()
                .orElse(null);
    };
}
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因而就有了 graphql-spring-boot-starter + graphql-java-tools 搭建GraphQL的方案。bash

graphql-spring-boot-starter + graphql-java-tools

graphql-java-tools

graphql-java-tools可以從GraphQL的模式定義*.graphqls文件構建出對應的Java的POJO類型對象(graphql-java-tools將讀取classpath下全部以*.graphqls爲後綴名的文件,建立GraphQLSchema對象。),同時爲咱們屏蔽了graphql-java的底層細節,它自己依賴graphql-java。mybatis

graphql-spring-boot-starter

graphql-spring-boot-starter是輔助SpringBoot接入GraphQL的庫,它自己依賴graphql-java和graphql-java-servlet(將GraphQL服務發佈爲經過HTTP可訪問的Web服務,封裝了一個GraphQLServlet接收GraphQL請求,並提供Servlet Listeners功能)。ide

接下來咱們將實現一個基於 graphql-spring-boot-starter + graphql-java-tools 搭建GraphQL服務的Demo。spring-boot

Demo

基於SpringBoot集成MyBatis提供GraphQL服務post

1. 在pom中增長如下依賴

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.graphql-java</groupId>
    <artifactId>graphql-java-tools</artifactId>
    <version>4.0.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.graphql-java</groupId>
    <artifactId>graphiql-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    <version>3.6.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.graphql-java</groupId>
    <artifactId>graphql-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    <version>3.6.0</version>
</dependency>
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對應的SpringBoot版本是1.5.6

2. 增長Teacher實體

@Serialization
data class Teacher(
        val id: String = "commonId",
        var teacherId: String = "",
        var teacherName: String = "",
        var teacherPhone: String = "",
        var schoolId: String = ""
) {
    override fun toString(): String {
        return JSON.toJSONString(this)
    }
}
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以及對應的Dao、Service、teacher.xml等

3. 在classpath下新建schema.graphqls

type School {
    id: ID!
    schoolId: String
    schoolName: String
    schoolAge: Int
    schoolAddress: String
    teachers: [Teacher]
    master: String
}

type Teacher{
    teacherId: String
    teacherName: String
    teacherPhone: String
    schoolId:  String
}

input TeacherInput{
    teacherId: String
    teacherName: String
    teacherPhone: String
    schoolId:  String
}
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這裏的模型最好和Java Bean一致,若是Java bean中有多餘的字段,將被忽略,不會拋出異常。

4. 在classpath下新建root.graphqls

這是公開API的地方,按照GraphQL的規範,Query、Mutation、Subscription三種查詢類型須要放在各自的節點下(這裏暫時不考慮訂閱):

type Query{
    # 根據學校Id查詢學校,schoolId不能爲空,返回的School不能爲空
    school(schoolId:String!):School!
}

type Mutation {
    insertSchool(schoolId: String!,schoolName:String!,schoolAge:Int!,schoolAddress:String!) : School!
    insertTeacher(teacher:TeacherInput!):Teacher!
}
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5. 實現Resolver

graphql-java-tools爲咱們屏蔽了底層細節,咱們只須要繼承如下幾個類完成數據注入便可:

  • GraphQLQueryResolver
  • GraphQLMutationResolver
  • GraphQLSubscriptionResolver

Resolver完成的是數據的注入,也就是對*.graphqls文件中的type的字段的數據進行注入,注入須要知足如下規則:

1. <field>
2. is<field> – only if the field is of type Boolean
3. get<field>
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好比咱們咱們根據學校Id查詢學校的API:

@Component
class SchoolQueryResolver : GraphQLQueryResolver {

    @Autowired
    private lateinit var schoolService: SchoolService

    fun school(schoolId: String): School {
        return schoolService.getSchoolBySchoolId(schoolId)
    }

    //或者
    fun getSchool(schoolId: String): School {
        return schoolService.getSchoolBySchoolId(schoolId)
    }
}
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咱們在schema.graphqls中定義的類型有與之對應的Java Bean,這些Java Bean都提供了getField方法,所以不須要額外實現Resolver,有時候,在type中定義的類型的某個字段數據的獲取比較麻煩,不是簡單的getField能夠解決的,此時能夠爲此類型實現專門的字段值獲取的Resolver,假設School中的master字段邏輯獲取邏輯很複雜:

public class SchoolResolver implements GraphQLResolver<School> {
    private SchoolDao schoolDao;
 
    public School getMaster(School school) {
        return schoolDao.getMasterById(school.getMasterId());
    }
}

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泛型中須要指定類型,字段數據獲取的方法名稱規則和常規接口的規則一致,只是須要把該類型做爲參數傳遞到方法內,值得注意的是,若是客戶端沒有請求Master字段,那麼getMaster方法將不會被執行。

實際上針對type中的每一個Field都須要有getField,使得Graphql可以獲取到數據注入到返回的結果中,若是針對此Field已經實現了Resolver,那麼會優先使用Resolver來注入數據,此時能夠省略掉getField(直接去掉School Bean中的master字段)不過仍是建議將Java Bean和type中的Field一一對應,便於維護。

以上是針對Query的Demo,關於Mutation請查看文本的源碼,這裏須要說明的是咱們的insertSchool和insertTeacher有些不一樣:

insertSchool(schoolId: String!,schoolName:String!,schoolAge:Int!,schoolAddress:String!) : School!
insertTeacher(teacher:TeacherInput!):Teacher!
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insertTeacher引入了一個新類型TeacherInput,將須要傳遞到服務端的數據封裝起來,GraphQL的返回類型(Teacher)和輸入類型(TeacherInput)是不能共用的,因此加上Input後綴加以區分,一樣的,針對TeacherInput也須要有對應的Java Bean。

倉庫地址

git@gitee.com:erdao123/springboot_graphql_mybatis_demo.git

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