上午寫完那篇文章後,下午在睡覺,晚上就想試試scrapy比較一下速度,那個更快,我是第一次用scrapy下載圖片,第一次我使用requests下載的。。。賊雞兒慢,就是單線程;後來翻了翻文檔按照官方的例子改了改算是成功了,這篇文章就說一下我遇到的坑吧,文末對比二者速度html
站點分析就免去了,看上一片文章node
首先新建一個項目python
➜ scrapy git:(master) ✗ scrapy startproject ins_crawl
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接着生成spider:git
➜ scrapy git:(master) ✗ cd ins_crawl
➜ ins_crawl git:(master) ✗ scrapy genspider ins instagram.com
複製代碼
爲了方便觀看,我先tree一下我項目:github
.
├── ins_crawl
│ ├── init.py
│ ├── pycache
│ │ ├── init.cpython-37.pyc
│ │ ├── items.cpython-37.pyc
│ │ ├── middlewares.cpython-37.pyc
│ │ ├── pipelines.cpython-37.pyc
│ │ └── settings.cpython-37.pyc
│ ├── images
│ │ ├── InsImagesPipeline.py
│ │ ├── init.py
│ │ └── pycache
│ │ ├── InsImagesPipeline.cpython-37.pyc
│ │ └── init.cpython-37.pyc
│ ├── items.py
│ ├── middlewares.py
│ ├── pipelines.py
│ ├── settings.py
│ └── spiders
│ ├── init.py
│ ├── pycache
│ │ ├── init.cpython-37.pyc
│ │ ├── config.cpython-37.pyc
│ │ └── ins.cpython-37.pyc
│ ├── config.py
│ └── ins.py
└── scrapy.cfg
6 directories, 21 filesredis
打開 ins_crawl/spider/ins.py 文件,代碼以下,注意看註釋:shell
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
import requests
import json
import logging
from urllib.parse import (urlencode, urljoin)
from ins_crawl.spiders.config import * # 我在同目錄下新建了一個config.py
from ins_crawl.items import InsCrawlItem
LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class InsSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = 'ins'
allowed_domains = ['instagram.com']
start_urls = ['http://instagram.com/']
def __init__(self, username='taeri__taeri', *args, **kwargs):
""" :params username:用戶名,能夠在命令行傳參 """
super(InsSpider, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.username = username
self.shared_data = self.get_shared_data() # 獲取shared_data
def request(self, end_cursor, callback):
""" request 方法,做用如其名 """
url = urljoin(self.start_urls[0], 'graphql/query/') + '?'
params = {
'query_hash': 'f2405b236d85e8296cf30347c9f08c2a',
'variables':
'{{"id":"{0}","first":{1},"after":"{2}"}}'.format(
self.user_id, 50, end_cursor),
}
url = url + urlencode(params)
request = scrapy.Request(url=url, callback=callback, meta={'proxy': 'http://127.0.0.1:8001'}) # 這裏須要使用proxy,因此添加參數meta
# 添加 cookies
request.cookies['csrftoken'] = CSRFTOKEN
# 添加 headers (其實這個能夠刪了,我忘了,我在settings裏已經設置好了
request.headers['User-Agent'] = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.131 Safari/537.36'
return request
def start_requests(self):
""" 重寫start_requests方法 """
# 首先獲取 user id 和 count
if self.shared_data is not None:
user = self.shared_data['entry_data']['ProfilePage'][0]['graphql']['user']
self.user_id = user['id']
self.count = user['edge_owner_to_timeline_media']['count']
LOGGER.info('\n{}\nUser id:{}\nTotal {} photos.\n{}\n'.format('-'*20, self.user_id, self.count, '-'*20))
for i, url in enumerate(self.start_urls):
yield self.request("", self.parse_item)
else:
LOGGER.error('-----[ERROR] shared_data is None.')
def parse_item(self, response):
j = json.loads(response.text)
edge_media = j['data']['user']['edge_owner_to_timeline_media']
edges = edge_media['edges']
if edges:
for edge in edges:
item = InsCrawlItem()
item['image_url'] = edge['node']['display_url']
item['username'] = self.username
yield item
has_next_page = edge_media['page_info']['has_next_page']
if has_next_page:
end_cursor = edge_media['page_info']['end_cursor']
yield self.request(end_cursor, self.parse_item)
else:
LOGGER.info('獲取照片完畢.')
def get_shared_data(self):
""" 獲取 shared data :return: """
try:
proxies = {
'http': 'http://' + PROXY,
'https': 'https://' + PROXY
}
with requests.get(self.start_urls[0] + self.username, proxies=proxies) as resp:
# with scrapy.Request(self.start_urls[0] + self.username, meta={'proxy':'http://' + PROXY}) as resp:
html = resp.text
if html is not None and '_sharedData' in html:
shared_data = html.split("window._sharedData = ")[1].split(
";</script>")[0]
if not shared_data:
print('Not found [share data]')
exit(1)
return json.loads(shared_data)
except Exception as exc:
LOGGER.error('[-----]', repr(exc))
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config.pyjson
PROXY = '127.0.0.1:8001' # 代理
CSRFTOKEN = '' # cookie中的csrftoken
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items.pycookie
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html
import scrapy
class InsCrawlItem(scrapy.Item):
# define the fields for your item here like:
# name = scrapy.Field()
image_url = scrapy.Field() # 照片連接
username = scrapy.Field() # 用戶名(用不到了
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Pipelines 裏沒動,就不貼了dom
InsImagesPipeline.py,有官方提供的例子改的,media-pipeline
import logging
import scrapy
from scrapy.pipelines.images import ImagesPipeline
from scrapy.exceptions import DropItem
LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class InsImagesPipeline(ImagesPipeline):
def get_media_requests(self, item, info): # 請求
image_url = item['image_url']
yield scrapy.Request(image_url, meta={'proxy': 'http://127.0.0.1:8001'})
def item_completed(self, results, item, info): # 請求結果
image_paths = [x['path'] for ok, x in results if ok]
if not image_paths:
raise DropItem("Item contains no images")
print('-----[DOWLOADING]開始下載:', item['image_url'])
return item
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InsProxyMiddlewares.py
from ins_crawl.spiders.config import *
class InsProxyMiddlewares(object):
def process_request(self, request, spider):
request.meta['proxy'] = 'http://127.0.0.1:8001'
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settings.py
BOT_NAME = 'scrapy'
SPIDER_MODULES = ['ins_crawl.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'ins_crawl.spiders'
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False
DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/45.0.2454.101 Safari/537.36',
}
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
'ins_crawl.middlewares.InsCrawlDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
}
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
'ins_crawl.pipelines.InsCrawlPipeline': 2,
'ins_crawl.images.InsImagesPipeline.InsImagesPipeline':1,
}
# 圖片保存目錄
IMAGES_STORE = '/Users/2h0n91i2hen/Pictures/Instagram/'
複製代碼
taeri__taeri 該用戶目前有 430張照片
抓取430張照片
Scrapy 耗時87秒, 0.20232558139534884 / 張。
asyncio+aiohttp 耗時21秒, 0.04883720930232558 / 張
以後我換了個用戶:ponysmakeup,照片數量是964
asyncio+aiohttp 耗時42.9秒,0.04450207468879668 / 張
而scrapy 耗時159.9秒, 0.1658713692946058 / 張
我一開始覺得scrapy會很快,沒想到比不過asyncio+aiohttp這陣容,我打算用 aiohttp+asyncio+aioredis 寫一個代理池,預算用一個禮拜吧,不知道要多久 (:
項目:ins_crawl