利用Java中反射來分析類的示例小程序

import java.util.*;
import java.lang.reflect.*;

/**
 * This program uses reflection to print all features of a class.
 * @version 1.1 2004-02-21
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class ReflectionTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      // read class name from command line args or user input
      String name;
      if (args.length > 0) name = args[0];
      else
      {
         Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
         System.out.println("Enter class name (e.g. java.util.Date): ");
         name = in.next();
      }

      try
      {
         // print class name and superclass name (if != Object)
         Class cl = Class.forName(name);//由字符串獲得Class類的對象
         Class supercl = cl.getSuperclass();
         //cl.getModifiers()返回一個整形數值，用不一樣的位開關描述相似public等修飾符的使用狀況
         //Modifier.toString方法，將返回一個描述位開關的字符串。將整形數值轉換爲對應的修飾符的字符串
         String modifiers = Modifier.toString(cl.getModifiers());
         if (modifiers.length() > 0) System.out.print(modifiers + " ");
         System.out.print("class " + name);
         if (supercl != null && supercl != Object.class) System.out.print(" extends "
               + supercl.getName());

         System.out.print("\n{\n");
         printConstructors(cl);
         System.out.println();
         printMethods(cl);
         System.out.println();
         printFields(cl);
         System.out.println("}");
      }
      catch (ClassNotFoundException e)
      {
         e.printStackTrace();
      }
      System.exit(0);
   }

   /**
    * Prints all constructors of a class
    * @param cl a class
    */
   public static void printConstructors(Class cl)
   {
       //經過Class類的對象，獲得一個包含Constructor對象的數組，這個對象數組中，包含了Class所描述
       //類的全部構造器的信息
       Constructor[] constructors = cl.getDeclaredConstructors();

       //提取構造器的信息
      for (Constructor c : constructors)
      {
         String name = c.getName();
         System.out.print("   ");
         String modifiers = Modifier.toString(c.getModifiers());
         if (modifiers.length() > 0) System.out.print(modifiers + " ");         
         System.out.print(name + "(");

         // print parameter types
         //返回一個用於描述參數類型的Class對象數組
         Class[] paramTypes = c.getParameterTypes();
         for (int j = 0; j < paramTypes.length; j++)
         {
            if (j > 0) System.out.print(", ");
            System.out.print(paramTypes[j].getName());
         }
         System.out.println(");");
      }
   }

   /**
    * Prints all methods of a class
    * @param cl a class
    */
   public static void printMethods(Class cl)
   {
      //返回包含Method對象的數組，返回這個類或者接口的所有方法，可是不包含由超類繼承了的方法
      Method[] methods = cl.getDeclaredMethods();

      for (Method m : methods)
      {
         //返回一個用於描述返回類型的的Class對象
         Class retType = m.getReturnType();
         String name = m.getName();

         System.out.print("   ");
         // print modifiers, return type and method name
         String modifiers = Modifier.toString(m.getModifiers());
         if (modifiers.length() > 0) System.out.print(modifiers + " ");         
         System.out.print(retType.getName() + " " + name + "(");

         // print parameter types
         //返回一個用於描述參數類型的Class對象數組
         Class[] paramTypes = m.getParameterTypes();
         for (int j = 0; j < paramTypes.length; j++)
         {
            if (j > 0) System.out.print(", ");
            System.out.print(paramTypes[j].getName());
         }
         System.out.println(");");
      }
   }

   /**
    * Prints all fields of a class
    * @param cl a class
    */
   public static void printFields(Class cl)
   {
      //返回一個包含Field對象的數組，這些對象記錄了這個類的全部域
       Field[] fields = cl.getDeclaredFields();

      for (Field f : fields)
      {
         Class type = f.getType();
         String name = f.getName();
         System.out.print("   ");
         String modifiers = Modifier.toString(f.getModifiers());
         if (modifiers.length() > 0) System.out.print(modifiers + " ");         
         System.out.println(type.getName() + " " + name + ";");
      }
   }
}