1.2.linux.傳智.命令過程學習

時間  2019-12-07
標籤 1.2.linux linux 命令 過程 學習 欄目 Linux 简体版
原文   原文鏈接

1.文件切換操做

[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]#ll------------顯示當前路徑下的全部文件
total 92
-rw-------. 1 root root 3330 Feb 3 07:52 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 3 08:16 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 3 07:57 Documents
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 3 07:57 Downloads
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 40279 Feb 3 07:52 install.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 9272 Feb 3 07:50 install.log.syslog
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 3 07:57 Music
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 3 07:57 Pictures
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 3 07:57 Public
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 3 07:57 Templates
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 3 07:57 Videos
[root@localhost ~]# pwd----------顯示當前用戶所處的路徑
/root
[root@localhost ~]# cd /-----------進入根目錄
[root@localhost /]# ll---------------顯示根目錄的全部內容
total 90
dr-xr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 3 08:18 bin
dr-xr-xr-x. 5 root root 1024 Feb 3 07:52 boot
drwxr-xr-x. 18 root root 3920 Feb 3 07:56 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 98 root root 4096 Feb 3 08:18 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Feb 3 07:52 home
dr-xr-xr-x. 10 root root 4096 Feb 3 07:48 lib
dr-xr-xr-x. 9 root root 12288 Feb 3 08:18 lib64
drwx------. 2 root root 16384 Feb 3 07:45 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 media
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 mnt
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Feb 3 07:53 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 159 root root 0 Feb 3 07:53 proc
dr-xr-x---. 27 root root 4096 Feb 3 08:16 root
dr-xr-xr-x. 2 root root 12288 Feb 3 08:18 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root 0 Feb 3 07:53 selinux
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 srv
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 0 Feb 3 07:53 syslinux

  1. 16 root root 4096 Feb 3 08:17 tmp
    drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 4096 Feb 3 07:45 usr網絡

drwxr-xr-x. 21 root root 4096 Feb 3 07:50 var
[root@localhost /]# cd--------進入主用戶目錄下，此處是root主用戶
[root@localhost ~]# ll
total 92
-rw-------. 1 root root 3330 Feb 3 07:52 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 3 08:16 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 3 07:57 Documents
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 3 07:57 Downloads
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 40279 Feb 3 07:52 install.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 9272 Feb 3 07:50 install.log.syslog
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 3 07:57 Music
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 3 07:57 Pictures
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 3 07:57 Public
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 3 07:57 Templates
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 3 07:57 Videos
[root@localhost ~]# pwd
/rootide

2.網絡配置操做

[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig------查看全部網卡的配置oop

eth0code

Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:52:C5:AF 
     inet addr:192.168.145.128  Bcast:192.168.145.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
     inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe52:c5af/64 Scope:Link
     UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
     RX packets:100089 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
     TX packets:60058 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
     collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
     RX bytes:135786210 (129.4 MiB)  TX bytes:6300628 (6.0 MiB)

lo進程

Link encap:Local Loopback 
     inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
     inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
     UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
     RX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
     TX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
     collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
     RX bytes:960 (960.0 b)  TX bytes:960 (960.0 b)

[root@localhost ~]# ipconfig eth0 192.168.145.129---eth0網卡的IP更改成192.168.145.129
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig-----------------------------------同上
eth0ip

Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:52:C5:AF 
     inet addr:192.168.145.129  Bcast:192.168.145.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
     inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe52:c5af/64 Scope:Link
     UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
     RX packets:100202 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
     TX packets:60093 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
     collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
     RX bytes:135794420 (129.5 MiB)  TX bytes:6310735 (6.0 MiB)

lo內存

Link encap:Local Loopback 
     inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
     inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
     UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
     RX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
     TX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
     collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
     RX bytes:960 (960.0 b)  TX bytes:960 (960.0 b)

[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0-------查看網卡eth0的詳細配置
eth0get

Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:52:C5:AF 
     inet addr:192.168.145.129  Bcast:192.168.145.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
     inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe52:c5af/64 Scope:Link
     UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
     RX packets:100388 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
     TX packets:60109 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
     collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
     RX bytes:135806653 (129.5 MiB)  TX bytes:6311863 (6.0 MiB)

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0 down----將eth0網卡給關掉
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0----同上
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0 up----將eth0網卡給打開
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0----同上
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:52:C5:AFit

inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe52:c5af/64 Scope:Link
     UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
     RX packets:100494 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
     TX packets:60125 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
     collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
     RX bytes:135814294 (129.5 MiB)  TX bytes:6313607 (6.0 MiB)

[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig----同上
eth0

Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:52:C5:AF 
     inet addr:192.168.145.128  Bcast:192.168.145.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
     inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe52:c5af/64 Scope:Link
     UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
     RX packets:100552 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
     TX packets:60168 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
     collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
     RX bytes:135823375 (129.5 MiB)  TX bytes:6322221 (6.0 MiB)

lo

Link encap:Local Loopback 
     inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
     inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
     UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
     RX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
     TX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
     collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
     RX bytes:960 (960.0 b)  TX bytes:960 (960.0 b)

[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0 netmask 255.255.0.0
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
eth0

Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:52:C5:AF 
     inet addr:192.168.145.128  Bcast:192.168.255.255  Mask:255.255.0.0
     inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe52:c5af/64 Scope:Link
     UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
     RX packets:100630 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
     TX packets:60212 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
     collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
     RX bytes:135828752 (129.5 MiB)  TX bytes:6329426 (6.0 MiB)

lo

Link encap:Local Loopback 
     inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
     inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
     UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
     RX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
     TX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
     collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
     RX bytes:960 (960.0 b)  TX bytes:960 (960.0 b)

3.ping操做

[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# ping 192.168.145.1-----ping主機IP
PING 192.168.145.1 (192.168.145.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=0.844 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=0.437 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=0.488 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=0.625 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=128 time=0.989 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=6 ttl=128 time=0.597 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=7 ttl=128 time=0.581 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=8 ttl=128 time=0.625 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=9 ttl=128 time=0.655 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=10 ttl=128 time=0.318 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=11 ttl=128 time=0.660 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=12 ttl=128 time=0.387 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=13 ttl=128 time=0.348 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=14 ttl=128 time=0.898 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=15 ttl=128 time=0.494 ms
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# ping -n 3 192.168.145.1----ping3次後中止ping操做
[root@localhost ~]# ping -t 10 192.168.145.1------一直ping下去
[root@localhost ~]# ping -l 1024 192.168.145.1-----ping的包設置大小
PING 192.168.145.1 (192.168.145.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=10 ttl=128 time=1.07 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=11 ttl=128 time=0.717 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=12 ttl=128 time=0.978 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=13 ttl=128 time=0.360 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=14 ttl=128 time=0.321 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=15 ttl=128 time=0.298 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=16 ttl=128 time=0.364 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=17 ttl=128 time=0.315 ms
^C
--- 192.168.145.1 ping statistics ---
17 packets transmitted, 8 received, 52% packet loss, time 7780ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.298/0.553/1.078/0.304 ms

4.相關命令的總結

模塊 編號 命令試用 命令解釋
幫助命令

1    man cd    使用幫助查看cd操做的相關參數

目錄文件處理命令

2    ll    顯示該路徑目錄下能夠顯示的文件
3    ls -l /home/abc    顯示該路徑目錄下能夠顯示的文件
4    ls -a    顯示該路徑目錄下全部的文件
5    ls -l     顯示該路徑目錄下能夠顯示的文件
6    ls -la    顯示該路徑目錄下全部的文件
7    pwd    顯示該用戶此時的路徑位置
8    cd /    進入根目錄
9    cd      進入該用戶的主目錄
10    cd ..    該用戶回退一格目錄
11    mkdir abc    建立文件夾abc
12    mkdir -p a/b/c    建立文件夾a/b/c
13    rm -rf abc    刪除文件夾abc
14    touch abc    建立空文件夾abc

文本文件處理命令

15    cat t.txt    順序查看t.txt文本的內容
16    tac t.txt    逆序查看t.txt文本的內容
17    cp t.txt /home/2.txt    複製t.txt文件到home路徑下
18    mv t.txt /home/3.txt    移動t.txt文件到home路徑下
19    touch a.txt    建立空文本a.txt
20    wc -l t.txt    查看文本有幾行 
21    wc t.txt    查看文本有幾行、幾個單詞、幾個字符
22    ln -s t.txt /home/t    在home路徑下建立文本t.txt的快捷鍵
23    more t.txt    分頁顯示文本t.txt
24    tail -f t.txt    分頁顯示文本t.txt

ping操做

25    ping -n 3 192.168.145.1    ping主機操做3次
26    ping -t 192.168.145.1    一直ping主機操做
27    ping -l 1024 192.168.145.1    限制包的大小
28    ping 192.168.145.1    ping主機操做

文件查找

29    find / -name profile    查找根目錄下的profile文件
30    find /root -name 111.txt    查找root目錄下的111.txt文件

系統信息顯示

31    ps -ef    查看進程
32    ps -ef |grep sort    查看名稱是sort的進程
33    state    主機屬性
34    who    試用該系統有哪些用戶
35    who an i    我當前用什麼用戶登陸該系統
36    hostname    主用戶名稱
37    hostname 123    更改主用戶名稱
38    uname    系統名稱
39    uname -a    更改系統名稱
40    top    查詢全部進程 
41    ps -aux    查詢全部進程
42    ps -aux |more    查詢全部進程，分頁顯示
43    ps -ef |top    查詢top進程
44    kill -9  5859    殺死進程9859
45    clear    清屏

查看當前內存使用狀況

46    du    查看當前目錄下全部文件的使用狀況
47    df    查看全部磁盤的使用狀況

查看通訊情況

48    ntstat -ano |more    查看通訊情況

備份壓縮

49    tar -czvf 1.tar.gz 1.txt    壓縮，以gz方式
50    tar -xzvf 1.tar.gz    解壓縮
51    tar -cjvf 1.tar.biz2 1.txt    壓縮，以biz2方式
52    tar -xjvf 1.tar.biz2    解壓縮

文本內容編輯

53    vi r.txt    編輯文件；i；ESC；w保存；q退出；q！強制

用戶管理

54    chmod 777 m.txt    rwx421 更改文件的屬性
55    addusr 123    增長用戶123
56    su 123    切換到用戶123
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