在使用線程處理異步任務時,若是每次執行任務都去建立線程執行完成任務又銷燬線程,因爲建立線程和銷燬線程會須要一些CPU資源,因此咱們不得不使用線程池管理線程。java
####ThreadPollExecutor多線程
ThreadPoolExecutor是建立一個線程池的類,它有四個構造方法,咱們看參數最多的那個:app
public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
int maximumPoolSize,
long keepAliveTime,
TimeUnit unit,
BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
ThreadFactory threadFactory,
RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
if (corePoolSize < 0 ||
maximumPoolSize <= 0 ||
maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize ||
keepAliveTime < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
if (workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize;
this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize;
this.workQueue = workQueue;
this.keepAliveTime = unit.toNanos(keepAliveTime);
this.threadFactory = threadFactory;
this.handler = handler;
}
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解釋一些這些參數的做用:異步
corePoolSize:核心線程數,默認狀況下線程池是空的,只有在提交任務時纔會建立線程。 在提交任務時會判斷,若是當前運行的線程數少於corePoolSize,則會建立新的線程來處理這個任務,若是等於或多於corePoolSize,則不會建立線程,而是將任務加入任務隊列等待執行,那若是任務隊列滿了而且線程池的線程數量小於maximumPoolSize ,那麼會建立線程執行任務,若是隊列滿了而且線程池的線程數量大於等於maximumPoolSize,那麼會執行飽和策略。有一個彩蛋,若是你想提早啓動線程池中的核心線程,你只要調用prestartAllCoreThread方法,啓動全部的核心線程,固然還有prestartCoreThread方法啓動一個。ide
maximumPoolSize :線程池容許建立最大的線程數。若是池中線程等於corePoolSize,而且任務隊列也滿了,那麼會建立新的線程執行任務,前提是池中的線程數小於maximumPoolSize 。oop
keepAliveTime :非核心線程閒置的超時時間,超過這個時間那麼閒置的線程將被回收,unit是時間單位。post
workQueue:任務隊列,當前執行任務的線程數大於corePoolSize時,那麼後來的任務將被加入workQueue。this
*threadFactory:線程工廠,建立線程用的;spa
看一下執行邏輯圖: 線程
####沒有代碼,一切都是紙老虎
public class ThreadDemo {
//表示執行飽和策略時退出不在執行任務
static boolean isBreak = false;
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
//建立線程池
ThreadPoolExecutor executor =
new ThreadPoolExecutor(5, 8, 60, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(10), new RejectedExecutionHandler() {
@Override
public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor executor) {
System.out.println("飽和策略" + r);
isBreak = true;
}
});
while (!isBreak) {
System.out.println("核心線程數: " + executor.getCorePoolSize()
+ ", 線程池最大線程數: " + executor.getMaximumPoolSize()
+ ", 當前線程數: " + executor.getPoolSize()
+ ", 任務隊列大小 " + executor.getQueue().size());
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(1000);
executor.execute(() -> {
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
}
}
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}
最後輸出的日誌:
核心線程數: 3, 線程池最大線程數: 5, 當前線程數: 0, 任務隊列大小 0
核心線程數: 3, 線程池最大線程數: 5, 當前線程數: 1, 任務隊列大小 0
核心線程數: 3, 線程池最大線程數: 5, 當前線程數: 2, 任務隊列大小 0
核心線程數: 3, 線程池最大線程數: 5, 當前線程數: 3, 任務隊列大小 0
核心線程數: 3, 線程池最大線程數: 5, 當前線程數: 3, 任務隊列大小 1
核心線程數: 3, 線程池最大線程數: 5, 當前線程數: 3, 任務隊列大小 2
核心線程數: 3, 線程池最大線程數: 5, 當前線程數: 3, 任務隊列大小 3
核心線程數: 3, 線程池最大線程數: 5, 當前線程數: 4, 任務隊列大小 3
核心線程數: 3, 線程池最大線程數: 5, 當前線程數: 5, 任務隊列大小 3
飽和策略RejectedExecutionException
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在提交任務時會判斷,若是當前執行任務的線程數少於corePoolSize,會建立新的線程來處理該任務,若是等於或多於corePoolSize,則不會建立線程,而是將該任務加入任務隊列等待執行,那若是任務隊列滿了而且線程池的線程數量小於maximumPoolSize ,那麼會建立非核心線程執行該任務,若是隊列滿了而且線程池的線程數量大於等於maximumPoolSize,那麼會執行飽和策略。
在java中還給咱們提供四種線程池,分別是:FixedThreadPoll、CachedThreadPool、SingleThreadPool和ScheduledThreadPool,這四種線程池,無非就是經過ThreadPoolExecutor的不一樣配置建立出來,具體這四中的實現想了解能夠去看一下。
最後附上本身寫的SimpleEventBus時封裝的的線程池代碼:
/**
* 線程切換
*/
public class ScheduleRouterExecutor extends ThreadPoolExecutor {
//主線程
private final Handler mainHandler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
//CPU數量
private static final int CPU_COUNT = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
//核心線程數量
private static final int INIT_THREAD_COUNT = CPU_COUNT + 1;
//線程池最大縣城內容量
private static final int MAX_THREAD_COUNT = INIT_THREAD_COUNT * 2;
//非核心線程閒置存活的時間(秒)
private static final long SURPLUS_THREAD_LIFE = 30L;
//默認線程工廠
private static ThreadFactory DEFAULT_THREAD_FACTORY = new DefaultThreadFactory();
private static RejectedExecutionHandler REJECTED_HANDLER = new RejectedExecutionHandler() {
@Override
public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor executor) {
Log.e("tag", "提交的任務太多了哥們 ,已經執行飽和策略!");
}
};
private static ScheduleRouterExecutor instance;
@NonNull
public static ScheduleRouterExecutor getInstance() {
if (null == instance) {
synchronized (ScheduleRouterExecutor.class) {
if (null == instance) {
instance = new ScheduleRouterExecutor(INIT_THREAD_COUNT, MAX_THREAD_COUNT,
SURPLUS_THREAD_LIFE, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(64),
DEFAULT_THREAD_FACTORY,
REJECTED_HANDLER);
}
}
}
return instance;
}
private ScheduleRouterExecutor(int corePoolSize, int maximumPoolSize, long keepAliveTime, TimeUnit unit,
BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue, ThreadFactory threadFactory,
RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
super(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue, threadFactory, handler);
}
public void executeTask(@NonNull EventTask task) {
if (task.getThreadMode() == ThreadMode.BACKGROUND) {
if (Looper.myLooper() == Looper.getMainLooper()) {
execute(task);
return;
}
task.run();
} else if (task.threadMode == ThreadMode.MAIN) {
if (Looper.myLooper() != Looper.getMainLooper()) {
mainHandler.post(task);
} else {
task.run();
}
}
}
/**
* 線程執行結束,檢查是否存在的異常
*
* @param r the runnable that has completed
* @param t the exception that caused termination, or null if
*/
@Override
protected void afterExecute(Runnable r, Throwable t) {
super.afterExecute(r, t);
Log.e("tag", "afterExecute");
if (t == null && r instanceof Future<?>) {
try {
((Future<?>) r).get();
} catch (CancellationException ce) {
t = ce;
} catch (ExecutionException ee) {
t = ee.getCause();
} catch (InterruptedException ie) {
// ignore/reset
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
}
}
if (t != null) {
Log.e("tag", "Running task appeared exception! Thread [" +
Thread.currentThread().getName() + "], because [" + t.getMessage() + "]\n" +
Arrays.toString(t.getStackTrace()));
}
}
}
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線程工廠:
/**
* 線程池工廠類
*/
public class DefaultThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
//統計線程池的數量
private static final AtomicInteger poolNumber = new AtomicInteger(1);
//統計當前線程池的線程數量
private final AtomicInteger threadNumber = new AtomicInteger(1);
private final ThreadGroup threadGroup;
private final String namePrefix;
public DefaultThreadFactory() {
SecurityManager securityManager = System.getSecurityManager();
threadGroup = (securityManager != null) ? securityManager.getThreadGroup() :
Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup();
namePrefix = "Simple EventBus task pool No." + poolNumber.getAndIncrement() + ", thread No.";
}
@Override
public Thread newThread(@NonNull Runnable runnable) {
String threadName = namePrefix + threadNumber.getAndIncrement();
Log.e("tag", "Thread production, name is [" + threadName + "]");
final Thread thread = new Thread(threadGroup, runnable, threadName, 0);
if (thread.isDaemon()) {//設置爲非後臺線程
thread.setDaemon(false);
}
if (thread.getPriority() != Thread.NORM_PRIORITY) {//優先級爲normal
thread.setPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY);
}
// 捕獲多線程處理中的異常
thread.setUncaughtExceptionHandler(new Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler() {
@Override
public void uncaughtException(Thread thread, Throwable ex) {
Log.e("tag", "Running task appeared exception! Thread [" + thread.getName() + "], because [" + ex.getMessage() + "]");
}
});
return thread;
}
}
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